The Popeto reformthe Curia
by IVAN YATESON THE EVE of the reassemblyof the Vatican EcumenicalCoun cil Pope Paul yesterdayforeshadowed bold changes in theRoman Curia, the central admin-istration of the Church and thestronghold of its " conservative "wing .
The cardinals , prelates and clergyof the Curia were tcfld at a specialaudience in the Vatican Palace thattheir functions needed to be simpli-fied and decentralised.
The Pope said the" Curia would berecruite d more internationally andbetter prepare d to deal with questionsof Christi an unity ;
Proposal s to modernise the struc-ture of the Church would not findresistance from the .Curia. " Romehas no need to defend herse lf bybeing deaf to suggestions which cometo her from honest voices, and evenless - when these voices belong tofriends and brethren. "
Resumed sessionPope Paul , who himself worked for
more than 30 years in the Cu ria , saidhe needed it as the instr ument tocarry out his mandate. Reformswere necessary to meet the needs ofthe times. They would be formulatedand pro mulgated by the Curi a itself.He implied that in the course of themthey might lose some of theirpriv ileges.
" The Roman Curia will ' not bejealous of temporal prerogativesbelonging to other limes, neither ofexternal forms no longer fitted toexpress true and high religious mean-ing! " Neither will economic advan-tages have any weight if some reformis demanded by the good of ecclesiast-ica l administrat ion and the welf are ofsouls."
Pope Paul' s address is sure to bewelcomed by many of the bishops ,par ticularly those from abroad , whowill be assembling in Rome this weekfor ' the resume d session of theEcumenical Council , which beginsnext Sunda y.
At the first session last year, manyof the bishops were critical of someof the operations of the Curia andbelieved to be anxious to see somedecentralisation in Church govern-ment.
Ja gan callsf o r um-inquiry team
by J. HALCRO FERGUSONDR. CHEDDI JAGAN, Premierof British Guiana, arrived inLondon yesterday with a plan forinternational investigation of hisCountry's position.
Guiana, still a British colony, isunlikely to be granted independ-ence until Mr. ' Forbes Burnham.of the Opposition (and largelyNegro) People's National Congress,and . Dr. - Jaga.n. of - the (pre-dominantly Indian) People's Pro-gressive Party, agree on acohstilution.
Dr. Jagan suggests that a jointUnited Nations-Commonwealth com-mission should visit his countr yand make recommendations for thefuture.
Warm to ChinaHe is not alto gether hopeful that
the British Government will pay anyattention to what he says : " I seemto be regarded as more of a villaintha n ever," he told me. " I don'tknow why. I haven 't chan ged. I amstill a Socialist and proud of it"
A possible explanation could bein his attitude towards the Chines e."They told the Russians , in effect ,not to believe those bastards ofAmericans. In view of the Americanattitude towards us and LatinAmerica—the under-develo ped coun-tries—one can sympathise with theChinese." ' '
Had he. in view of the officialBritish . attitude , come much closerto Burnham durin g their joint visitto New York ? " No." he said." Ostensibly we talk the same lan-guage. In fact we don 't. There arebasic differences. " ¦
Cuban aidHow did it happen that Cuba ,
which was notoriously short ofmoney,' had been aHe to let BritishGuiana have a million dollars ? ' Helaughed. " I don 't know. If some-one gives me a meal when I 'm hungryI don 't ask how he managed to buyit." He pointed out that ni requestsfor Western aid had -been ' turneddown. '
Why was a country like BritishGuiana , with only half a millionpeople, storting its own universityinstead of sending students to .theUniversity of- the . West Indies inJamaica? Because , he said , it -cost farmore to educate a student in Jamaicathan in .Geor getown. " I quote thecase of a dental student. I know. I 'ma dentist. " - ' .
Dr. . Ja gan expects to remain aboutten days and to return for constitu-tional talks in October " if there areany." . ¦
\ '
Home pressesClabinet forPfato decision'Pdd man out7 fear
I in Foreign Office[ by ROBERT STEPHENS
our Diplomatic Correspondent
THE GREAT DEBATE about Britain's role in a Natomixed-manned nuclear force is still raging behind theseems in Whitehall.
Having failed to secure a Cabinet decision last week onBritii h participation in fu ture planning talks on the force,the foreign Office is pressing hard for an answer during, thecomi ig week:
The Foreign Secretary; Lord Home, leaves for New Yorkon Wednesday to attend the United Nations General Assemblyand lor talks with the American and Soviet Foreign Ministers.He .wants to be in a position to tell the American Secretaryof State, Mr. Dean Rusk, whether or nor Britain will takepart Hn the talks on the mixed-manned force.
The talks in Washington between the United States, WestGernj any, Italy, Greece and Turkey, are to continue in two commit-i***a. j uhc -11 rrasjuugi uii. me oincr in j-ans. starrin g worK onOctober 7. .
fGodfrey Hodgson cables from Washington that the Ameri-cans have discussed with these four countries the question of makingavailable at least'one American warship for experiments to provethe feasibility .of the multilateral force in which Polaris missileswould be mounted on surface ships manned by internationalcrew£. Washington sources indicate that in the first instance ex-perimental ships would be manned by Americans, Germans andItalians. American sources have reported all along that theMinistry of Defence and the Royal Navy are hostile to the idea ofinternational crews—as indeed the American Navy was at first—because of what is vulgarly known in the Pentagon as the " garlicproblem," or, more politely, as the difficulties inherent in recon-ciling national customs. Service traditions and the languageproblem.]
Th|e Foreign Office is urging thatBritain should agree .to take partin thj e talks without final commit-ment to sharing in a mixed-mannedforce. . ¦
American officials say there . hasbeen;no pressure from the U.S. 'on.Britain to tafce part in' the talks,,although Washin gton would likeBritain to join in.
I decision. The feeling of urgenc y that theForeign Office is now trying to instilinto the Cabinet springs primarilyfrom.' one big new factor. Ttris isWcsti German y's firm decision to takepart i in the mixed-manned force ,whether Britain joins in or not.
TTiis decision is believed to havebeen] conveyed to the Briti sh Govern-ment when the West German Forei gnMinist er. Dr. Schroeder . saw LordHome in London last month .
Dr. Schroeder is believed also tohavd indicated that this decision waslinked with a new trend in WestGerman foreign policy away, fromthe ideas of President de Gaull e andcloser to the views of the U.S.and i Britain on both ' the futureof the Western alliance and diedevelopment of ' a detente withRussia.
The Forei gn Office sees dose rela -tion^ with Western German y as
thekey to both Britain 's future relationswitH Euro pe and the development ofan East-West dilenir '. It believes thatfor West German opinion the mixed-maijned force has now become animportant status symbol and . a testof tie sincerit y of Anglo-Americanintentions towards West Germaninterests in both Euro pean defenceand | East-West diplomacy.
Britain may be| left out
The point that the Forei gn Officefeety has not!yet been fully grasped ,even inside the British Governmentitself, rt that objections to the crea-tion of a mixed-manned force ongropnds of general princi ple—such asits possible effects on relations withRussia— are no longer relevant
A force will now definitely be setup ! A basic agreement of principles ,a kind of outline treat y, may even beread y for presentation to the NatoMinisterial Council in December. -
If. Britain does not go in now shemay face the following, situation ihthree years ' time: a mixed-mannedforte, predominantl y American andGerman , will be in operation with anew kind of integrated internationalcontrol and mana gement system, anexperiment as important for thepolitical future of Euro pe and theWest as the new economic system ofthef Common Ma rket .
Britain will be outside this system,as ' she is still outside the CommonMarket.Was Kennedy taken for a ride ?¦
! ' - Page 2 :
Toppling bussaved
A Glasgow double-decker bus. in-volved in a collision yesterday, wasabout to topple over when the driverof another double-d ecker drovein swiftly alongside and acted as aprop.
Last night police prained the quickth&ikin g. of the second driver. Thirt jfc-four people -were take n to hospital ,but none appeared to be seriouslyhurt. .
Chinese'trespassed'5,000 timesshe wopld receive a " decisiverebuff"', if she continued her" hostile activities " against theSoviet Union.
A Governmen t statement said :" .It would be a very great mistakefor the Chinese leaders to interpretour good will falsely."
The statement a l l e g e d thatChinese soldiers and civilians had" systematically violated the Sovietborder since I 960." In 1 962 alone5,000 such violations had been regis-tered.
"There have even been attemp tsin the most flagrant manner toappropria te individual sections ofSoviet territory. "
Half remains ,The statement also gave what was
described as the text of remarks onwar rtiadc by Mao Tsc-tung at the1957 Moscow Communist conferenc e.
Mao , referring to a conversation 'with Mr. Nehru ,- was quoted as say-ing : " I told.him that if half of man-kind were destroyed the other halfwould still remain.
" But in return imperialism wouldbe completely . destroyed and onlySocialism would remain in the world, 'and within 50 years or a century thepopulation will again grow even morethan by 50 per cent"
Referring to China 's Himala yanbonier dispute with India ,' the state-ment said Russia had warned Chinain 1959 about intensification of thedispute . . . .
" Now we can see that the Chinese-Indian conflict had extremely negativeconsequence s for the cause of peace,brought great harm to the unity of theanti-imperialist front , in Asia andplaced progressive forces in India inan extremel y difficult position."
Labour againsta mixed force
' - by pur Politi cal CorrespondentA LABOUR GOVERNMENTwould " re-negotiate " theNassau agreement partly to freeBritain from any commitment totake part in a . mixed-mannedforce which the present Govern-ment may sign in the meantime.
On the eve of last week's indeci-sive Cabinet discussion of the pro-posed force, Mr. Pa trick GordonWalker. Shadow Forei gn Secretary,told Lord Home that the Oppositionbelieved the project to be based 'onfalse assum ptions. His main objec-tions were:—
1. The buildin g of such a forcewould weaken Nato by establishingtwo nuclear alliances , one on eachside.of the Atlantic.
- 2. The ar gument that the force isnecessary because Nato must have
something in Europe to counterRussia 's Intermediate-Range BallisticMissiles-is false ; the mixed-mannedforce , armed with Polaris missiles,would .-in effect , be a strategic weapons -system threatening Russia itself.
i. The new - force would notnecessarily " placate " West Ger-many 's nuclear ambitions; it mighteven nourish , and encourage ihehi. ,. Mr. Harold Wilson has recently
discussed this and other to pics withHerr Willy ' Bra ndt , the GermanOpposition leader and Mayor ofWest Berlin , and he and Mr. GordonWalker will raise the matter againwhen they meet Sig. Piotro Nenni ,the independent Ita lian Socialistleader, who will be in London onTuesday.
Non-starterMr . Gordon ' Walker does not
believe that the Italians wilt neces-sarily continue to support the pro-ject, which was first sponsored bv theUnited States and has since foundfavour in West Germany.
The Shadow Cabinet' s consideredopinion is that . a .mixed-mannedfor ce would add nothing ly Nalo'smilitary strength. ' •
Labour leaders do not expect thata mixed-manned force could be builtbefore a general election and . thateven if the present Governmentdecides to join, it may never comeinto existence'
S TllART BEY DING EK
Czechssack tj ieStalinists
by LAJOS LEDERER
A MAJOR PURGE in theCzechoslovak Government andCommunist' Party announced inPrague last night has ' removedfrom power t another EuropeanStalinist regime.
This brand of Communism nowflourishes only in East .Germanyand Albania. . .. ' • ' ¦"
All but one of the key Stalinistsin the Czech Governmen t and Part yhave been sacked, including PremierViliarii Siroky, aged 6iy-£ ' formerrailwayman and Resist ance fighjte r—who held his 0ffi6e ,for '>d yMr ifaBd
Jankdvoca. ' — • • — • • • • , . - .These - sweeping ¦ change * were
decided by .the ' Presidium and theCentral Committee 6f thp Party. .
The purge has not .removed fromoffice the Stalin rat dictator himseff.President Antonio "Novotny, whodearly hopes to save his own positionby sacrificing his closest friends andchief subordinates. Novotny madesimilar concessions to the hostileSlovak Communist rank and file lastspring', when he removed from officeMr. Karol Bacilek, the First Secretaryof the Slovak Communist Party, andMr. Bruno Hohler. Secretary of theCentral Committee.
The. new Prime Minister is.40-year-old Josef Lenar c formerl y chairmanof the -Slovak National Council. Heand all the: other pew men in theGovernment are untainted by Stalin-ist association. Novotny himself isnow almost completely isolated. Hisown downfall is not likely to 'be longdelayed.
DURBAN , septemt wr' • 21. '— SouthAfrican asut foaftiw .in Durban todayprevented Mr. John Hto is, chairmanof the South - African Non-Raci alCommittee for Olympic Sports, fromleaving the counwy for a meeting inGerman y of the International OlympicCommittee.—B.U.P.
Olympic mail held
Sukarno break strade linkswith Mala ysia
from DENNIS BLOODWORTH
SINGAPORE, September 21PRESIDENT SUKARNO declared tonight that Indonesia wasformally breaking off economic and trade relations withMalaysia- He decision was taken after a six-hour meetingwith his senior military and economic advisers.
• —————1——| Announcing this ; to the Pressu Jakarta, Dr. JohannesLeimena. the Acting ; ForeignMinister, disclosed tBat Pj6sidentSukarno, bad ,insi5te4; ttiat;Jo<lon-,esfa'« anti-Malaysia obnmintotioncampaign must be carried out" clearly and firmly." ;
General Nasution, IndonesianDefence Minister, and other Ser-vice chiefs as well _ as EconomicDepartment heads - were pre sentwhen Dr. Leimena spoke.. Tengku Abdul Rahman . PrimeMinister of "Malaysia , had severeddiplomatic and economic relationswith ' Jakarta , and Jakarta mustaccept the ' challen ge, he declared.
[In Malaya , police are guardin g thesea and river approaches to -KualaLumpur , ' the capital. ' Amongrumours sweeping the country werereports ., of Indonesian landin gs inSarawak and even near Penan g. onthe hiirth -west coast of Mala ya.] '.
ToilavV- presiden tial conferencebad. Been, devoted to discussin g waysand* means of count ering Mala ysia'sVnove and lhe necessar y economic andmilitar y measures to .be taken withinthe fra niework of confrontatio n.
Currency plnngesIt had also laid down that in future
only' the Indonesian nipiah would belegal tender in the Riau Islands. The1,200,000 inhabitants of this Indo -nesian archi pelago within sight ofSingapore have hitherto enjoyed a par-ticular prosperity thanks to theirmonetar y relations with this State ,which included transactin g business inthe Mala yan dollar. - .
The rupiajh , which in recent weeksappeared to be steadying, has againplunged in the last few days follow-ing Mala ysia's decisJ&tt to break econ-omic links with Indonesia. . Officialsrevealed Slat ', all, Indonesian exportactivities normall y channelled throu ghSingapore would in future * be" centred** in the capital's port olTandjong Priok, and' that steps wouldbe taken to tuppress the targe -ipaletraditional smuggling from otherIndonesian ports . to Singapore andPenan gl. Economists in Jakarta admitted thatat least until Indonesia could find analternative . free port with modernfacilities through .which to operate , thePresident' s decision was likely to haveserious adverse effects on the nationaleconomy, '
A high percentage of Indonesia'strade passed through Singapore, wtfchwas known as a "lucrative oollarpool " for. the' Indonesian Govern-ment, since Jakarta met the majorityof the Republic's foreign exchangecommitments with hard currencyDarned ' in and throu gh this island.
Worker s' demand :It is meanwhile reported that
workers affiliated to the pro-Com-munist Sobsi trade ' union confedera-tion in Indonesia have .struck at theBritish American Tobacco Compa nyand. Shell Company installations inthe major East Java port of Semarangin. order to »" confront Malaysi a."These worker * are said to have de-manded that Indonesia break offdiplomatic relations with Britain andconfiscate all British assets. ' '
Similar action is reported from theCentral Java port of Tjilatjap.
Althou gh President Sukarno hasordered that left-win« bade unionsn»9f not take over British enterprisesin Indonesia , it is now known thatJakarta has laid . firm plans forexpropriatin g them.
Nearly two . months ago theInd onesia n Forei gn Ministry spokes-man predic ted the liquidation of" British estates and concessionsworth £150 million ."
This is likely to be Jakarta 's neximove in the campaign launchedagainst Britain as the " imperialistmastermind " behind the anti-Communist Federation of Malaysia.
{Continued on page 2, col. 6)
Masked mengrab £7,000
Eight ' masked men burst - into thecashier 's office at Thomson House,head quarters of Thomson News-papers . Gra y 's Inn Road. -London ,last night and got. away with at least£7.000. The money was for payingcasual workers on the Sunday Times.
Life in Skopje seven weeksafter the earthquake. A barbershaves ones of his customerson the pavement outside hisshattered shop. Another photo-
graph on Page 5.
Bonn backon Danube
by LAJOS LEDERERWEST GERMANY- and Austriaare to share control of commer-cial shipping on all sections of theDanube from Izmail to Regensburgfor the first time since 1939.
This was agreed at the 10-nationconference of the Danube Commis-sion which ended at Bratislava ,Czechoslovakia.- this weekend.
The Czechoslovak . - TelegraphAgency' report! that the ^conferencedecided to guarantee fiiD to-opwitidnot> the Danube " of two otpituistcountries, -the ' German FederalRepublic and Austria/* - ' . . ~ >. .
ri BRiEHNGEa t mA new quick guide to music, plays and films, books and paperbacks, TV, sound radio, art,records and coming events starts in The Observer Weekend Review today. See page 22.
London , S.E. and Cekt. S.England. E. Anglia, E. Midlands.E. and Cent. N. England , W. Mid-lands : Dull with drizzle.
Oir ri. ooK ,: Little chantte.
Today's weather .
Lee wins inSingapore
from our Own ReporterSingapore. September 21.—Gaininga resounding victory over allopponents in the general . electionheld in Singapore today, the rulingPeople's Action Party won 37 seatsout of SI in the State LegislativeAssembly: The extreme left-win gBarisan Socialis, who oppose - diecreation of Malaysia , secured 13 seats.
The Prime Minister , Mr. Lee KuanYew,' earlier this month capitalisedon Singapore's entry into ' the newFederation of Malaysia by orderingthis snap general ejection.
Electors today have' in effect casttheir votes for the 15-man partea-meotary. group ' which - will representSingapore in the Mala ysian FederalAssembly.. ¦ . - ¦ ".
Swiss Oootuiire MjfflRHC t Iiii Kjni tweaT V^^^ fc /
Iffl ¦
by /&**&¦ 'H ^ftB
"Bijou "—in dtgtnt rait in t*o-w.y , / j U ^M\ ^ BliJf Wuknit Pure WooL Sapphin, Topw, . I .fl^ B..-^ ^ ^ BU'fL«iAinetiiyit or Garnet. 9i*e* 12-16. I ^ ¦ ^^ ¦r|
27i g«. / ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦Ik
{¦ ^ ¦Is&'f » 'I "SnUajie"—firm two-way¦ ^ ¦HSPt f \B- b"* Po" w<k1 fa <****lflk^B^Hr&'f *3 of Sapphire Blue, MnlberryJ j Q^^^^Hf^V'V ^^ ' Red; Curryor Dark Brown.™^9HR** ' 'SiK. 14-18.
^^8Bfc 1 ' 24i m.
r- ¦ \ I KNITTED SUITS—fir tt floor.
Mafekin g, September 2|.—Jack andRica Hodgson., who lied;, from SouthAfrica to the neighbo urin g" Briti shprotectora te. Bechuanaland; were to-day flown put' of' thfe territory byBritish , authorities . Thfjjr , left in alight aircraf t for Tang anyika on thefirst stage of £b$ir 'journ ey to Britain.
Hodgsons fly out
Miej ^el^ootg^m^mj D:executiveby our Political CorrespondentMR. MICHAEL FOOT. LabourM.P.-for Ebbw Vale, is vae offive members of the 18-strongexecutive of the ¦ Campaign forNuclear Disarmament who .liavedeclined to stand for. re-election.
Some disagree with C.N.D.'stacit endorsement, of various .formsof civil disobedience and activitiessuch as the recent demonst ration?against , the Greek Royal Family, .;
Others , notably Mr. Foot.and thevice-chairman of the Labour Part y;Mr. Anthony Greenwoo d (who is'itptat present a member of- the , executivebut who had been invrt ed to run , forhah offlct),J;ire not standin g because,of the pressure of otter work.' ; j
Mr. Foot Mid yesterday he^^had nodifference with the. policy of C.N.D." l a m iin full support oE it; -Myreason for-!not standin g is.solely, oneof time." ' " ¦
-*• ' ¦'. . ' ¦-
Sympathy lostThe dissideoto 'r \ include : Miss
Jacquetta Hawjce*, Mrs. Judith Hart ,the Labour M.F. for lanark rand Dr.Antoinette Pirte, of Oxford, theophthalmolo gist,, who Is abroad butfor whom Miss Hawk es felt ahh Wspeak yesterday:.: The position of;thefifth retiring member of the execu-tive, Mr. Arthur Go*«,. is"lew ctar ;He is reported to . nave , ,«aia,:,on'Frida y.: " K <l*;e.N!l>. wto bwo*>an' umbrella moveinent embracin gfllegal activitie *, avtt vdisobedien pBand a whole gamut ot thin gs it wjll.do so without - my, help."" .iYetfecda yhe said "*I havens-fallen.-out withtheir policies in any way."? *
Mrs. Hart yesterdaV attributed herdecision* in pan to »a iniaeasihg bur-den of work in her margnuu Vepnstitu-ency. She had alto ,found hecielf outbf sympat hy •'^with-.; inany- of the 'major activities of the Oampaign."
Late yesterday the Campaign 'sresourdefol'chairman . Canon L. JohnCollins, had not announced hot ownintehtiohs.
PLAY THAT CAUSEDTHE UPROARpages 30 and SI
Another yearof Macmillan ?amthony Samp sonp a g a n
Hew hopefor schools' Neddy 'page 9
Vyhy I escapedffpnfi Auschwit zismk, pjw. u
1,500 ADS. a dayp *g *2 1
What Lady Vicouldn 't saypage 14
SUKARMOPROFILE, PW 13
NEWS 1, 2 ,3, 5, 14BUSINESS " **EDITORIAL 10,11PENDENNIS laLETTERS . ll^»SPORT 18.29Everyman Crossword 18Appointments 14-18WEEKEND RLt/IEW INDEX 21Today '* events 40Catching up with the Week 40TODAY'S/T V * SOUND 40
PIUS XII , theNAZIS andthe JEWS
Physicists on paradeIT HAS been a week for learnedprofessions and other people'sjobs. One by one lawyers,physicists, businessmen andfilm-makers have been put onparade and invited to shed alitJe of their mystery for thebenefit of the laity.
The physicists turned out tobe the star attraction : the B.B.C'sMen at the Heart of Matter wasan. excellent job , lively withou tpandering to the glossier kindsof human inter est , and continu-ously absorbing. As far as Icould see, that is, since , unfortun-at ely. I missed the opening quar-ter of an hour. <I Was .being pinneddown on the other chan nel by ThisWeek , and so far I've been unableto develop the voluntary squint{strabismus richardsoma nus) whichallows a seasoned television critic totake in two programme s at once.
"This Week " was ri ght'up tothe minute with a skilful report onthe birth-pangs of Malaysia. Theyeven managed to get an interviewwith the Indones ian Ambassador ,whose smile was considerabl y more-dazzling than the immediate pr os-pects for-South-East Asia 'are. Thisprogramme 's record for scoops hasstood out all the more clearl y in re-cent weeks, during which Mondayevenings on the B.B.C. have meant" Outlook Europe " (or " I Was. aTeen-Age Panorama "). However ,Dimbleby pere goes back into orbitthis week.
But to return to our physicists.Auden once said that at a gatheringof scientists he feels like a countrybum pkin m.th e presence of dukes ,and which of us in the other cul-ture doesn't secretly agree withhim ? The ducal delegates lastweek ¦ included a tousle-headedpolytechnician who commutes fromParis to Geneva almost every day ;Geoffrey Chew, the son of a Man-chester labourer who left schoo! at14, himself workin g at Los Alamos¦when he was only 19; and the pro-digious Professor Feynman fromCTalifornia.
Ebullient profes sorProfessor Chew was rather
touchin g as he described theproblem of communication fromthe other side of the wall , th e diffi-culty of explaining to his wife whatexcited him abou t his work. Hewas worried abou t • being pasthis creative prime at 38 , in markedcontrast to the ebullient ProfessorFeynm an. who was several yearshis senior. Feynman was luckyenou gh to have a waterfall conven-iently close at hand to illustratehis mai n pojnt (simple rules;incredibly complex results), whilehis answers on what it was like tomake a discovery; or how he feltin re trospect about having workedon the Bomb, were wonderfully 1lucid. He also bad a line in ra pid-
>n iAs iI if SAW ITI H by JOHN¦ ¦ GROSS
fife wisecracks which suggestedthat he must have gone to the pic-tures a lot round about 1937.
I Richard Cawston and DenisMit rholl both had documentariesshowing on the same evening :The Exporters and The Intr udersrespectively. Both programmeswere good, thou gh rather light-weight. Cawston 's subject didn'tgive him the same opportunities ashis earlier films, and there weretipes when he came close to aroutine piece of propaganda for theexport drive , but he always has thekoack of pouncing .on somethingvisually striking, even if it's onlyinterna tional differences in thesha pe of yoghourt bottles. The" I ntruders " were an Americanfilm unit under Carl Foreman whodescended on a small town in Italy.Once again , strai ghtforward stuff,miainly made up of interviews withlojts of jokes and peals of off-screenlaughter : but it conveyed far moresense of wha t people in films arelike tha n anything in last week'sDecline-of-Hol I ywood saga.
[World in Action took a look atthe career of Lord Denning in aprogramme which was curiouslyuncertain of its aim! M ockingback ground music alternated witha ] Life - of - a - Great - Englishmanap proach. And I do wish theyhadn 't used an actor who lookedas though he had been left overfr tom " Bovd O.C." to read. out the
more moralistic Denning pro-nouncements. But there weresome satisfying moments, not leasta tribute from Mandy Rice-Daviesto Lord Denning's modesty andgood humoun -
Among the regulars . Dr. Flnl«y'«Casebook is picking up again after •shaky start to the new series. AndrewCruikshank. has few rivals when itcomes to conveying r-r-ri pe judgment ,but Experience isn't allowed totriumph " over Innocence quite asautomatically as it does with Gillespieand Kildare : last week BiU Simpson(always sympathetic ) disregarded alladvice to be " a wee bit supple " andwon , his quixotic battle agains t thehead of .the local hospital board , anold soak but a power in the town.If I came from Scotland I'm sure thatI'd hate the programme for- its cosi-ness, but as it is I've always had asneaking fondness for this kind ofsentimental Soottishness . with .richwarm humanity .as thick ai porridg e.A word of praise is due to the de-signer, Donald Brewer, for puttingacross a 1920s atmosphere to effec-tively.
Postal bombNaked City continues to run the
gamut of dram a between toe neuroticand the psychotic , but acting, produc-tion .and photography are undeniablyaccomplished. Last week's>episode—young divorcee , becomes unhinged,turns homicidal—was less harsh thanmost, but no less unnerving. Over atCompact someone may have sent thema bomb through the post: the policehave been called in, and the lastepisode ended with a ' muffled ex-plosion. Unfortunately one canalready tell from this week's RadioTimes that All is Well. Also in RadioTimes, and not to be missed, is apro file of Iris, Who really holds theprogramm e together: " everythingabout me." she savs. " is Restoration."
Wideni ng radio 's horizo nsWE are one Corporation, sajd
a I man at Broadcasting House," but we haven't always behavedlike it" The feeling persists amongradio producers that their world issmaller and less privileged thantelevision's; but the new Direotorof; Sound Broadcasting, FrankGillard (who is a friend of KennethAdam, the Director of Television),will have a good hard try to change,this.
Joint auditions (it seems incrediblethat these don 't happen alread y) andjoint programme planni ng are possi-bilities. One idea is that when a con-cert is televised , the music might becarried by the Home Service. »o thatit ¦ could be heard at its best, onVJ 1.F. sound-only receivers , ratherthan on poorer-quality televisionsets ; musicologists ' might even geta 'special commentary on the music ,broadcast on the television sound 'channel. '
Bui the most important element ina 'radio revival is the morale of itsproducers. Gillard, who is perturbed
SOUNDWAVES
by PAUL FER RIS
at the thought of chips on' shoulders,is directly responsible for some ofthe encouraging changes announcedlast week : a longer " Today, " pre-dictable times for evening concerts ,a news bulletin oh the Third and thenaming of. announcers .
At least one of the chaoses shouldnever have been necessary. • " Inview of the success of ' Today,'" theB.B.C's Press conference was told ," we're going to increase its scope."But . " Today " began six years agoand was a success .from the start ,when its length was variaMe —a mini-mum of 171 minutes, "but up to 30minutes and more if the materia l wasthere , as it often was. Later on itfell into ' more orthodox bands and
suffered, .as it still does, from beingcramped 'into ' a rigid 20 minutes: itssuccess was sat upon.
Other changes are in the pipeline.The idea of fixed points in radio—forplays, music, ' bulletins — will beextended. The weekly discussion pro-gram me, " Conference ," for instance,wM move to 9.30 pjn. on a Tuesday;the listener who wants a platef ul ofcurrent affairs can . settle down at9.30, cairy on with ."Ten O'clock, "then a new topical programme that |sbeing planned.for 10,30, and finally"Today in .Parliament " at ¦ 10.45,by which time be ought to be asweH informed as a diplomaticcorrespondent.
' Needle time 'But things will happen slowly. It's
being assumed at Broadc astingHouse, ' perhaps ' dangerously, thatmany of the people who hear radioare " conservative by nature—they 'rethe connoisseurs", and we must makethem feel their needs are upper most"
TTie long-awaite d " Music Net-work." which will use the Third
channel during the daytime, win bethe biggest innovation of all, if andwhen , the B.B.C. and the Musicians'Union reach agreement on " needletime." The B.B.C. says that of the 100hours a week of new ' broadcastingtime, . more than half will be live,giving musicians over £500,000 inextra fees; the union insists that theproportion of disc music must besmaller than envisaged. The deadlockhas now lasted more than a year.
'? ?Next Friday (8.0 j».m.) the Third
offers a repeat of " Not' a Drum WasHeard ," the . sixth of Henr y Reed' sseven programmes that began with theliterary ° researches of " HerbertReeve" and developed into a seriesof cultural send-ups. This one, whichhasn't been heard since 1959, concernsthe interviewing by a B.B.C. team ofGeneral Gland , and is said to havebeen inspired- by Montgomery 'smemoirs. It' s very funny, thoughprobably a shade too long: . theferocious Hilda Tablet makes a briefappearance
Six of the B.B.C.'* new Sunday playwri ght *: Left : Alun Owen(top), Clive Exton (centre), Vincent Tllsley (bottom). Right :Arnold Weaker (top), Errol John (centr e), Bernard Kops (bottom;.
Digging it upA quick look at someof the new ,series whichcan be seen on television
. thfs autumn.AMONG the moat intriguing ofthe B.B.C's new autumn ploys is aSunday night series .' originallylabelled "The Company of Six"and. now radi cally rcchristenedDig Thb Rhubarb.
The programme, which will go outlive,' begins on October 6, and willalternate with " Monitor. " It comesout of the "Tonight " stable, and itsprodu cer, Anthony Ja y—who used toedit " Tonigh t"—explains, rat hercryptically, that it "starte d withDonald Bayentock, -who is alwayslooking for what is riot them"
Minin g the past for piquant andloaded material ,," Dig This Rhubarb "will have our dramatic critic. BomberGascoigne . as script - editor , andCharles Chilton, who wrote' "OhWhat a Lovely War," as associate pro *ducer.. The Six of the now-discardedtitle are Clive Swift, Robin Ray. TonyBeckley, Terence Brady, John Gotoerand Anne Jameson.
"We are trying, " says AnthonyJay, " to produ ce a prog ramme whichcomments in a way that is citheramusing, or highly relevant , or ex-tremely i revealing or moving, onthings that are not in the news at themoment but wiui .which people arealways preoccupied." Four, or fivetopics to a program me will becovered, with the help of an orches-tra . , Earl y ones include attit ude * toroyalty, capital' punishment «nd theiniqui ties of the younger generation.
ON A.T.V. this autumn some far-ranging documentary-subjects will beexplored by Television ReportersInternational , the independent pro-duction group.
"The After mauV1 on October 8.is the first of a series called The Jewin the World : this programme , withLudovic Kennedy as commentator ,will study what has happened to theJ ews in Central Europ e, and it willbe , followed by " His Year inJerusalem " (on October 15) and aprogramm e on the situation in Britain ,the United States and behind the IronCurtain (October 22).
In November Lord Francis-Williams will supply the commentaryon The Face of Fraud , an examina-tion of some big financial coups inrecent years. Jim Mossma n will bescrutinising The Missionaries (theirsocial and politica l influence, pastand present). And another T.R.I ,winter series, now being planned ,will present Malcolm Muggeridge insix interviews with Men of Power :Nehru, Walter Reut her , Cecil King,a J esuit leader, and (perhaps)Adenauer and Robert Kennedy. '
ALUN . OWEN'S " The Strain "-^tonight at 9, B.B.G.— opens a seriesof .new TV plays under the title oftFirst .Night. It will include the firstplays written for the small screen byBernard Kops and-' Arnold Wesker(Wesker's, calied " Menace," is help-fuHy de^bed- b flie, B.B.C u a
W
BEHINDTHESCREENby OUTSIDER
picture of the bewilderment andloneliness of the individual .ia con-temporary society).' . '. , ¦
Other writers repr oientedjk thisSunday-night sends *81 - be David(" Semi-Detached") Turn er,. ErrolJohn (author of " Moon on ». Rain-bow Shawl "X Vlocebt, Tibtey.formerly the RB.C. 's Dt»m4 ScriptsSupervisor, Clive Entoq and - Nigel(" Quatenrum ") Knetle. *(hff(ie con-tribution ' is an etghteenttHxntur yscience-fiction story. ¦ . {¦ '¦>. =..; '¦
John EUiot, the .producer,' s*ys:"' First Night' aims tov Me livelierand tougher, eoxrtranalty, and intel-lectually, than tho ,3undfcy.\«ajr ofthe past We hope to give to anaudience of matioas the j tcrt ofmodern drama' whit* fteeo, Shawand maybe Brecht: would hkvfr beenglad to see." " ¦ „¦ . '.\: - '..
In contrast—at least that's*Sow theB.RC sees it—is- life'Wednesdaynight series of pUyt ; I'biBed asFestival, officially d«s«bed as" catering for peopt e/wh*-tee.inter-ested ia theatre, in usury «hd thecultural evolution of rnankind \" Tofeed this large appetite the BJJ.C iioffering plays by such author * asAristophanes , Noel Coward and JeanGbneW ' ' ' -\ V
FROM Gmiudaland, eight urta keodsrunning, come eight first plan* shout1963 life in the North, V JRtUayNIgM, as the series ' is criW. wiUuse a nucleus of eight repet tbrr actonin ' plays—" from high comedy totrag edy "—by writers making theirdebut as playwrights, after experiencein documentary and series.'
" Friday Night " opens onNovember 1 with " Haro &.Was AllRight," by Deris Wolf, * Granadastaff writer. Among tile otherauthors is Tony Warren, theoriginator of , " Cor onation Street"The notes of northern patriotism willbe maintained '' by the Beatlo»-typetheme tune : it is recorded by theFour Just Men . (who come fitomLiverpool). -The. producer, RichardEverett comes from Cambridge.
A 26-WEEK inquiry into Bnttufteducational system begin * on ABCTV next Sunday. It opens with Otto School, showing parents , teachersand children in an infants ', school inSurrey on the first day of • first term,and the next 12 of these 25-minuteprogrammes will all deal - withunder-scvens. ¦•
Banry Wostwood, tho prod ucer andwriter of the series, has had variededucational exper ience: he oncetaught backward children and wasalso a lecturer at SouthamptonUniversity (Mrs . Westwood used tobe an infan t teacher ). He cams intoTV four years ago with "SundayBreak " and became a fam9iar figureon Southern TV. . v ¦
lB tne Pictart:Pan27
* Let I.T.V. levyhelp the arts 'Sir,—Some time ago,, in your letter-
columns, . Mr . Bamber Gascoignebriefly put forward an excellent andsurely not too Utopian suggestion forhelping to solve the chronic financialproble m of the arts in Britain. Whyshould hot the sums paid by the I.T.V:companies to the ' Treasury, he sug-gested, be devoted to this end?
Mr. Gascoigne's modest proposal.Which seems to have been overlooked ,deserves.exhumation this week, withthe announcement of the sums whichthe LT.V. firms will have to pay fromnext summer onwards. Why shouldnot half at least of the £15 milliongoing to the Exchequer be used tomake up for the State's long incglectof these valuable national ''assets?Television not only, dra ws on the artsand other .forms of entertainment: itoften appears to suck them dry, anddrain away .their talents and theiraudie nce*. It would seeni only fairthat "tin ' levies "on TV amusementshould be invested in the welfare ofthe arts as a whole, instead of being-swallowed UP in thcJ Treasury maw.
smU: . , Pintte WUhrn .. .
United Steel | pioneer new st ructura l techni queSHSSSiSSi^S' mm . • . New design of beams gives high strptupl efficiency at low cost;Happ y marria ge in Blackpool. In Blackpool a new btuldbg I^HB ^HH ^^^^ H^H^^^^^ H^
I. This giVM the optimum relationship.—a giant department store for Lewis's Ltd. with retail shops1
K^TOWl v^ »H ^^ K^^^ I between strength and weight 111 conventiona l steel-for The Blackpool Tower Co. Ltd.—is making history. H8ra» ^,V<-:V ^.^Developed from extensive tests carried out by The United ftfflfJBilq^ ' *SfeS^a^- '_.'* " ' (^^^^ fl ^^BHi ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Bi floor slabs. .. . 'Steel Structural Company Limited, in conjunction with the HHilBHl i ^^y^ *51?' , , _. ^ ; • % . " .'' - - < ' (» *?> ?.~^ ^ ^ ^Wm^^B|j^B The new technique used in Lewis's Ltd. depart-consulting engineer for Lewis's; Ltd., the building is basically jHBBm __Lj lIr ' '**" ' " ' ' " '^^ iSlfegiiL r' ' *~£ yr '~':~' ' '''' ' '¦' ' "-^T^^^\ ment store combine s these two materials , structuralof composite construction-a combination of structural H|H W^ ssaafcs ^ : st*1 a*"1 reinfo rced concrete, in an efficient andSl?ed tr ^v^?c^te^Ut a^mOrc
Roll ' ' " j m j ^0^£!pE^cost approaching thaf d! cobcretV^ckly'erected and HHRH ^^^^^^B^^^I^^^^HiiP^^^^^^^y ^w*0?*?I*Dj ******&?-¦» «" toverterl.T. - _adaptable to any changmg needs in the future, W|«| ' ^ HI ^ HS^^ Hfef #W| Si^P dM^'?B^ llirt .Biad rtB«l Wn*n tt*^tlpo |flMi - . . 'i ¦Hlc anM ^^^^ ffi ^^^ B'M |; ^V^ ^ lBta ^fi °^ costly s ear connectors—end do the job just u' H^mH ^ ^ M^ ^ ^ M"^ ^ ^ ^ Mfy^B^';I^E^^^^^^^ B-wen> d oqpcnsiYB compression areas in the steel¦¦ _ ¦ . N
^ flililraf l ' ^^^^^^^^^Hol^^^^l KlLTCt^HI^^^^^^B*10' avoided, for the .concrete' floor .-slabs 'take the 'L- ¦ ¦¦' ¦__—^^^—^¦ »' ; 'I ' , ¦:- /;*:•'.< ¦¦ . : fln^ Hftt ' " ' *^' '^^^^^^^^ H^BBift^^^^^^^ Hvv-^i^ ^ ^ ^ ^ l' ^ this way there is a considerable saving in cost :
PtMg^BBpBKB^^^aM ^HSgL-JWB ^gapfr . - ' ^W^ ^ r^ ^ M ^ ^ B^ B J ^^^^^^^ Pl :' ¦ - ' ¦ • • • ' . , • : ¦ ¦ ¦
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ KI^^ BIBBK ^^ mSK KI^U BK^ ttKmBtMl-. '- MJB ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^WW^ ^ B^ ^ ^ I^ ^I^P^BWMWlWgB Tblg new form of constmction iru evolved and dosfgnedbjr tfa*¦n^B^BM^ HPfn: K , ' Here's how it works - ' '-^^:r^ "?zi ,
{¦¦^¦¦ i ^ Bni 9I^ KM ^[l .1 Inverted T beam take, the tension (the .ici-crete Ml tab the 'Z^CtSS. M.'S...^^ ^ ^ P^ BW^ ^ ^ B| ^ B^^lMBBB|BlfB^P|^lt |fcSni^a • compression). ' to flie consulting engjsecr*t tpedficatioa. PuD-gtw ttmf id*W^^^ KS^ Bi^^ KBa SUK BK^^ ml^UaSSm & Mild 8teel binders tie the compression flange to the concrete beam beam> were then rigorcmjiy tested and made to cut?, few|HHVHHBmi ^ran lIH«HH HBPlll3 casing, while the inverted T steel section is held rigid in the concrete *~±!&*!* gg,«", ^^ T¦, „¦¦.¦..a^ ^ mm^ Kmm^ B^ ^ ^ Km^W ^^T^ S SSKKSIrWk A ca^g by thc action of bond between concrete and stceL laid down m B.S.449 for tcttiag rtructum of nnoo ttifri p— 1hl^H|^W^^Wr^^^ F^^Ww^BBi PT^ if T "lM t T^BWni lr aag 'i'iy» v Beam and its binders fully encased in concrete. design wen fully met
' ' ' . ¦ '- . ' . . ' — I _— : : i 1— L_^U*!Tji
United Steel at your service x m>- ^ ' - h m ^ ^ ^ hAt United Steel teams of experts will gladly advise you ¦¦¦ JHH 'li ^ flBk HHl ^^ HHHV
' t0fl^
.^tflHM ^H ^flPP ^ ^ A^ kMH T -'^0I| l .^^ ¦1^^^ . ^H\ ^ ^ BB^HBBon all uses of steel, conventional and experimental. They HI ^¦''^ ¦''.I^^ S|MpP^^H ' I^ ^ 2! ^ ^ ^ V I^hSU ESlH ^H ¦SB^H MnHhave the resources of a group of companies making the ^BhM^I^^ V ^H'^H—^^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ta ^ ^ B ^^ ^ ^ ^ '- '^^ ^ Kj-^^ ^ ^ S ^^ ^ ^ 7 H Bl HWH ^Bwidest range of steel in the country. Consult United . . ^^^^^ • . ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^« ^^^^^^^ ^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^H^^^^ I^H ^ 11 ¦ ¦ ISteel—and you have all the experience of Britain's finest . . ¦ ¦ x
Mlj IHHsteel producers at your service. ¦ : . . ¦ V HMmnM J; — J T H E U N I T E D S T E E L C O M P A N I E S L I M I T E D • S H E F F I E L D ¦¦¦¦¦
. every fortnight inTHE OBSERVER
. starting next week.And
TW 3-THE INSIDE STORYby MAURICERICHARDSON •TW 3 returns to (he airon Saturday ; Next week,Maurice Richardson , whohas been making aspecial investigation forThe Observer , tells thestormy history of theshow : how its influenc egrew till its notoriety .becam e an embarrassment ;how the B.B.C. high-upsbacked it againstopposition from Bishopsand busy bodies ; howten libel actions were 'started and ninedropped ; what its futureis likely to be.
HMATM
