The status of fluidized bed
technology in Finland
by
Patrik Yrjas
73rd IEA-FBC, Tokyo
December 6-7, 2016
Finland 99 years of independence today, December 6, 2016
Independent republic since 1917
Finnish name: Suomi
Population of 5,5 million
Surface area of 338,000 sq. km. (Japan is 377,000 sq.km)
17 inhabitants/sq.km (Japan 336/sq. km)
67% live in urban areas
70% forest
10% water: 190,000 lakes and approximately as many islands – Europe’s largest archipelago
Member of EU 1995
Capital: Helsinki (population 630,000)Swedish speaking minority of 5%
Climate: mild winters along the coast and relatively warm summers with almost 20 hours of daylight
2
Finland
Åbo Akademi University | Domkyrkotorget 3 | 20500 Åbo | Finland
Professor Leena Hupa, Professor (Rector) Mikko Hupa
34 persons: senior researchers, technicians, post-docs, PhD students, M.Sc. Thesis workers
+30 year of experience in combustion research
+500 scientific publications related to combustion
~30 doctoral theses on combustion
Combustion and Materials Centerat Åbo Akademi University, Finland
Fluidised bed boilers in Finland since 2005
Year Place
Steam
capacity,
MWth
Steam
pressure,
bar
Steam
temperature,
°C
Fuels Type
2017 Naantali 390 164 555 Forest residue, bark, sawdust
paper fine reject, coal
CFB
2016 Nokia 68 86 485 Forest residue, wood chips, peat
sludge
BFB
2015 Lohja 88 81 520 Bark, forest residue, sludge, coal CFB
2013 Järvenpää 69 117 527 Biomass, recycled wood, peat BFB
2011 Kuopio 149 130 535 Peat, wood, coal
2010 Keuruu 19 61 500 Biomass BFB
2010 Jyväskylä 455 164 560 Biomass, forest residue CFB
2010 Kaukas 385 115 550 Peat CFB
2009 Hämeenlinna 52 27 400 Peat, biomass, coal, natural gas BFB
2009 Joensuu 30 na na Biomass BFB
2009 Kerava 73 77 480 Peat, forest residue BFB
2008 Pori 177 84 522 Wood, peat, recycled fuel, coal CFB
2007 Lapua 17 61 480 Peat, biomass BFB
2007 Tornio 135 131 542 Peat (forest residue) CFB
2006 Kemi 26 na na Biomass BFB
2006 Juankoski 18 12 191 Peat, biomass BFB
2006 Haapavesi 27 63 510 Peat, sludge BFB
2006 Rauma 107 118 535 Bark, forest residue, peat,
sludge, recycled fuel
BFB
2006 Lieksa 30 60 510 Peat BFB
2005 Ilomantsi 19 45 460 Peat, wood chips BFB
+ 22 small sized BFBs by Renewa Oy
Electricity by energy source, Finland
http://www.stat.fi/til/index_en.html
Main FBC manufacturers in Finland
Amec Foster Wheeler Energia Oy
Valmet Technologies Oy
Andritz Oy
Several contracts, not many in Finland
Start-ups from 2017-2020
Year of order 2011-2015
Start-ups from 2010-2017
Latest 20 orders
Amec Foster Wheeler
17 to Asia
3 to Europe (Bulgaria, Poland, UK)
Valmet Technologies
5 to Asia
11 to Europe
4 to USA
Andritz
6 to Asia
11 to Europe
3 to America (2 to USA, 1 to Uruguay)
FB-types
Andritz
EcoFluid – BFB
PowerFluid – CFB
Valmet
Hybex - BFB
Cymic - CFB
Amec Foster Wheeler
CFB
BFB Andritz,
Germany
Andritz,
Estonia
Samcheok Green Power ProjectOne unit has now started
MGT Teesside Limited, UK World´s largest newbuilt 100% biomass-fired CFB boiler
Most recent Valmet boiler contracts
Start-up 2019
459 MWth biomass fired CFB
Copenhagen, Denmark
Start-up 2018
150 MWth biomass fired BFB
Naheola, AL, USA
Start-up 2019
120 MWth biomass fired BFB
Borås, Sweden
Start-up 2017
150 MWe multifuel CFB
Naantali, Finland
Start-up 2018
90 MWth biomass BFB
Segezha, Russia
Start-up 2017
2 x 135 MWe coal fired CFB
Babelan, Indonesia
Start-up 2017
108 MWth waste fired CFB
Zibo, China
Start-up 2018
145 MWth asphaltene fired CFB
Kilpilahti, FinlandStart-up 2019
75 MWe multifuel CFB
Hachinohe, Japan
CYMIC boiler - Multifuel
TSE, Naantali, Finland
Steam 144 / 130 kg/s
164 / 44 bar
555 / 555 C
390 MWth
Fuels: Wood biomass,
agro biomass, peat,
coal , SRF
Start-up 2017
CYMIC boiler – Waste to Energy
Zibo Green Energy New Energy
Co Ltd, Zibo, China
Steam 37.4 kg/s
79 bar
520 C
108 MWth
Fuels: SRF
Start-up 2017
CYMIC boiler - Biomass
HOFOR Energiproduktion A/S
Copenhagen, Denmark
Steam 184 kg/s
140 bar (g)
560 C
459 MWth
Remarks Wood chips
Start-up 2019
Press release October 18, 2016
8 December, 2016 © Valmet | Author / Title18
Valmet to supply a multifuel power boiler and flue gas
cleaning system to Japan10/18/2016 6:00 AM | 1 | 0
Valmet Oyj's press release on October 18, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. EET
Valmet will supply a multifuel power boiler and flue gas cleaning system to the
Japanese company JFE Engineering (JFEE). This is Valmet's first multifuel boiler
delivery to the Japanese market.
CYMIC boiler - Multifuel
JFE Engineering, Hachinohe,
Japan
Steam 65 / 58 kg/s
142 / 30 bar
557 / 540 C
75 MWe
Fuels: Wood chips, PKS, coal
Start-up 2019
...and some words about research
Governmental funding difficult to recieve
but all manufacturers still emphasize the
importance of research
Some examples....
Challenging fuel mixesAmec Foster Wheeler´s fuel system:
Courtesy of Amec Foster Wheeler
Coal still important => Carbon capture
and storage program (CCSP)http://clicinnovation.fi/activity/ccsp/
Flexi-Burn™ CFB technology is designed to easily change
between conventional and CCS modes while utilizing the
CFB combustion platform to provide wide fuel flexibility.
Challenging fuel mixesValmet´s fuel system:
Biomass – ash forming matter
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Wei
ght
% (
db
)
Rest
P
S
Cl
Na
K
Ca
Si
Based on data from the ÅA database: https://web.abo.fi/fak/tkf/ook/bransle/
Challenges in Biomass Combustion
H2S
SO2
SO3
Fuel
Air
K2SO4, CaSO4 ..
SO2
K2SO4, CaSO4 etc.
SO2
Formation of SO3 and H2SO4(g)
H2SO4
<500°C SO3 starts to form H2SO4(g)
Dew point depends on concentration of
H2SO4 and H2O
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
5 10 15 20 25 30
De
w p
oin
t (⁰C
)
Water vapor concentration (vol%)
Verhoff & Banchero
In-situ measurement setup for SO3 and H2SO4 Selective sulfation of KCl by SO3 or H2SO4 can be utilized
in measurements
+ a conventional deposit/corrosion probe
Vainio et al. Energy & Fuels 2013
H2S
SO2
SO3
Fuel
Air
K2SO4, CaSO4 ..
SO2
K2SO4, CaSO4 etc.
SO2
Cause of low-temperature corrosion in biomass combustion?
Low conversion to SO3 due to low temperature and air-staging
Reactive ash capturing SO3
Hygroscopic salts cause of low-temp.
corrosion (CaCl2, ZnCl2, NaHSO4, NH4Cl
Hygro-scopic
deposits
36th International Symposium on Combustion Seoul, Korea
July-August, 2016
Largest combustion conference in the world, with more than 1500 participants
Hupa invited to give key note presentation: Biomass combustion technology development –it is all about the chemical details
Recent PhD theses
Acknowledgements
TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
”CLIFF” (2014-2017) - a project with all
three major players around the same table.
http://web.abo.fi/fak/tkf/cmc/Cliff/