The status of fluidized bed

technology in Finland

by

Patrik Yrjas

73rd IEA-FBC, Tokyo

December 6-7, 2016

Finland 99 years of independence today, December 6, 2016

Independent republic since 1917

Finnish name: Suomi

Population of 5,5 million

Surface area of 338,000 sq. km. (Japan is 377,000 sq.km)

17 inhabitants/sq.km (Japan 336/sq. km)

67% live in urban areas

70% forest

10% water: 190,000 lakes and approximately as many islands – Europe’s largest archipelago

Member of EU 1995

Capital: Helsinki (population 630,000)Swedish speaking minority of 5%

Climate: mild winters along the coast and relatively warm summers with almost 20 hours of daylight

2

Finland

Åbo Akademi University | Domkyrkotorget 3 | 20500 Åbo | Finland

Professor Leena Hupa, Professor (Rector) Mikko Hupa

34 persons: senior researchers, technicians, post-docs, PhD students, M.Sc. Thesis workers

+30 year of experience in combustion research

+500 scientific publications related to combustion

~30 doctoral theses on combustion

Combustion and Materials Centerat Åbo Akademi University, Finland

Fluidised bed boilers in Finland since 2005

Year Place

Steam

capacity,

MWth

Steam

pressure,

bar

Steam

temperature,

°C

Fuels Type

2017 Naantali 390 164 555 Forest residue, bark, sawdust

paper fine reject, coal

CFB

2016 Nokia 68 86 485 Forest residue, wood chips, peat

sludge

BFB

2015 Lohja 88 81 520 Bark, forest residue, sludge, coal CFB

2013 Järvenpää 69 117 527 Biomass, recycled wood, peat BFB

2011 Kuopio 149 130 535 Peat, wood, coal

2010 Keuruu 19 61 500 Biomass BFB

2010 Jyväskylä 455 164 560 Biomass, forest residue CFB

2010 Kaukas 385 115 550 Peat CFB

2009 Hämeenlinna 52 27 400 Peat, biomass, coal, natural gas BFB

2009 Joensuu 30 na na Biomass BFB

2009 Kerava 73 77 480 Peat, forest residue BFB

2008 Pori 177 84 522 Wood, peat, recycled fuel, coal CFB

2007 Lapua 17 61 480 Peat, biomass BFB

2007 Tornio 135 131 542 Peat (forest residue) CFB

2006 Kemi 26 na na Biomass BFB

2006 Juankoski 18 12 191 Peat, biomass BFB

2006 Haapavesi 27 63 510 Peat, sludge BFB

2006 Rauma 107 118 535 Bark, forest residue, peat,

sludge, recycled fuel

BFB

2006 Lieksa 30 60 510 Peat BFB

2005 Ilomantsi 19 45 460 Peat, wood chips BFB

+ 22 small sized BFBs by Renewa Oy

Electricity by energy source, Finland

http://www.stat.fi/til/index_en.html

Main FBC manufacturers in Finland

Amec Foster Wheeler Energia Oy

Valmet Technologies Oy

Andritz Oy

Several contracts, not many in Finland

Start-ups from 2017-2020

Year of order 2011-2015

Start-ups from 2010-2017

Latest 20 orders

Amec Foster Wheeler

17 to Asia

3 to Europe (Bulgaria, Poland, UK)

Valmet Technologies

5 to Asia

11 to Europe

4 to USA

Andritz

6 to Asia

11 to Europe

3 to America (2 to USA, 1 to Uruguay)

FB-types

Andritz

EcoFluid – BFB

PowerFluid – CFB

Valmet

Hybex - BFB

Cymic - CFB

Amec Foster Wheeler

CFB

BFB Andritz,

Germany

Andritz,

Estonia

Samcheok Green Power ProjectOne unit has now started

MGT Teesside Limited, UK World´s largest newbuilt 100% biomass-fired CFB boiler

Most recent Valmet boiler contracts

Start-up 2019

459 MWth biomass fired CFB

Copenhagen, Denmark

Start-up 2018

150 MWth biomass fired BFB

Naheola, AL, USA

Start-up 2019

120 MWth biomass fired BFB

Borås, Sweden

Start-up 2017

150 MWe multifuel CFB

Naantali, Finland

Start-up 2018

90 MWth biomass BFB

Segezha, Russia

Start-up 2017

2 x 135 MWe coal fired CFB

Babelan, Indonesia

Start-up 2017

108 MWth waste fired CFB

Zibo, China

Start-up 2018

145 MWth asphaltene fired CFB

Kilpilahti, FinlandStart-up 2019

75 MWe multifuel CFB

Hachinohe, Japan

CYMIC boiler - Multifuel

TSE, Naantali, Finland

Steam 144 / 130 kg/s

164 / 44 bar

555 / 555 C

390 MWth

Fuels: Wood biomass,

agro biomass, peat,

coal , SRF

Start-up 2017

CYMIC boiler – Waste to Energy

Zibo Green Energy New Energy

Co Ltd, Zibo, China

Steam 37.4 kg/s

79 bar

520 C

108 MWth

Fuels: SRF

Start-up 2017

CYMIC boiler - Biomass

HOFOR Energiproduktion A/S

Copenhagen, Denmark

Steam 184 kg/s

140 bar (g)

560 C

459 MWth

Remarks Wood chips

Start-up 2019

Press release October 18, 2016

8 December, 2016 © Valmet | Author / Title18

Valmet to supply a multifuel power boiler and flue gas

cleaning system to Japan10/18/2016 6:00 AM | 1 | 0

Valmet Oyj's press release on October 18, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. EET

Valmet will supply a multifuel power boiler and flue gas cleaning system to the

Japanese company JFE Engineering (JFEE). This is Valmet's first multifuel boiler

delivery to the Japanese market.

CYMIC boiler - Multifuel

JFE Engineering, Hachinohe,

Japan

Steam 65 / 58 kg/s

142 / 30 bar

557 / 540 C

75 MWe

Fuels: Wood chips, PKS, coal

Start-up 2019

...and some words about research

Governmental funding difficult to recieve

but all manufacturers still emphasize the

importance of research

Some examples....

Challenging fuel mixesAmec Foster Wheeler´s fuel system:

Courtesy of Amec Foster Wheeler

Coal still important => Carbon capture

and storage program (CCSP)http://clicinnovation.fi/activity/ccsp/

Flexi-Burn™ CFB technology is designed to easily change

between conventional and CCS modes while utilizing the

CFB combustion platform to provide wide fuel flexibility.

Challenging fuel mixesValmet´s fuel system:

Biomass – ash forming matter

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Wei

ght

% (

db

)

Rest

P

S

Cl

Na

K

Ca

Si

Based on data from the ÅA database: https://web.abo.fi/fak/tkf/ook/bransle/

Challenges in Biomass Combustion

H2S

SO2

SO3

Fuel

Air

K2SO4, CaSO4 ..

SO2

K2SO4, CaSO4 etc.

SO2

Formation of SO3 and H2SO4(g)

H2SO4

<500°C SO3 starts to form H2SO4(g)

Dew point depends on concentration of

H2SO4 and H2O

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

5 10 15 20 25 30

De

w p

oin

t (⁰C

)

Water vapor concentration (vol%)

Verhoff & Banchero

In-situ measurement setup for SO3 and H2SO4 Selective sulfation of KCl by SO3 or H2SO4 can be utilized

in measurements

+ a conventional deposit/corrosion probe

Vainio et al. Energy & Fuels 2013

H2S

SO2

SO3

Fuel

Air

K2SO4, CaSO4 ..

SO2

K2SO4, CaSO4 etc.

SO2

Cause of low-temperature corrosion in biomass combustion?

Low conversion to SO3 due to low temperature and air-staging

Reactive ash capturing SO3

Hygroscopic salts cause of low-temp.

corrosion (CaCl2, ZnCl2, NaHSO4, NH4Cl

Hygro-scopic

deposits

36th International Symposium on Combustion Seoul, Korea

July-August, 2016

Largest combustion conference in the world, with more than 1500 participants

Hupa invited to give key note presentation: Biomass combustion technology development –it is all about the chemical details

Recent PhD theses

Acknowledgements

TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

”CLIFF” (2014-2017) - a project with all

three major players around the same table.

http://web.abo.fi/fak/tkf/cmc/Cliff/