IMO Tier III
Regulation for NOx
From 2016 in the North American Emission
Control Areas or the US Caribbean Sea
Emission Control Areas
It is a fact!
IMO Tier III Regulations “NECA”
IMO NOx Limit Curves Tier I, II & III
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
NO
x (
g/k
Wh
)
Rated engine speed (rpm)
Tier I: (global)
Tier II: 2011 (global)
Tier III: 2016
(ECA’s)
- 20 %
- 80 %
1990-1999
engines
Tier I - 15 %
Primary methods ( Process application)
Reduction % Expected Proved by test
Engine tuning (Tier III or NECA timing) ? ?
Water emulsification ? 40?
Separate Water injection ? 70 (MHI)
EGR: Exhaust Gas Recirculation System HP 80
Secondary methods (after treatment)
SCR: Selective Catalytic Reduction System HP or LP 95
NOx Reduction Techniques
IMO Tier III for NOx and SOx Emission
For 2-stroke engines Tier III NOx levels in ECAs will be met by installation
of a Selctive Catalytic Reactor, SCR or installation of an Exhaust Gas
Recirculation, EGR system
The sulphur content has an influence on the performance and design of both
SCR and EGR. If it is decided always to run on low suphur fuels in ECA
the design and/or running cost for EGR and SCR can be lowered.
SCR and EGR can be designed for operation on HFO with the normal
sulphur contents. If HFO is used in ECAs together with either EGR or
SCR it is necessary to install a full flow exhaust gas scrubber to reduce the
SOx.
EGR Test Conclusions for MAN engines
Conclusion on Extreme EGR – Test 2009 at MAN
EGR feasible for all engine loads
Tier III level feasible with approx. 40% EGR
ME technology secures optimized EGR operation
Investments and Operational Costs
Can we minimize
CAPEX and OPEX
for EGR and SCR?
Yes
CAPEX
EGR - 30%
SCR - 10%
High Low Sulphur
11 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo MDT IGC Seminar Emission Reduction Technology - Tier III
SCR CAPEX
SCR CAPEX -16 MW Tier III on High sulphur fuel
Excluded: Electric work; Urea tank; EGE by-pass
SCR engine equipment(Reactor/Mixer)
Engine modification (valvesand control system)
Auxiliary system (Ureadosing)
Installation excl. tanks
SCR CAPEX -16 MW Tier III on Low sulphur fuel
Excluded: Electric work; Urea tank; EGE by-pass
MAN PP
12 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo MDT IGC Seminar Emission Reduction Technology - Tier III
EGR CAPEX
EGR CAPEX - 16 MW Tier III on High sulphur fuel
Excluded: Electric work; NaOH and sludge tank;
EGR engine equipment(scrubber, blower,cooler))
Engine modification(valves and controlsystem)
Auxiliary system (WTS)
Installation excl. tanks EGR CAPEX - 16 MW Tier III on Low sulphur fuel
Excluded: Electric work; NaOH and sludge tank;
MAN PP
< 10 > LEE5 / Bent Ørndrup Nielsen 28.09.2015
OPEX EGR and SCR – Total Cost
Note: The LP-SCR OPEX adds to the HP-SCR calculation – the extra fuel consumption for LP-SCR burner to
decomposition of Urea is show with the green colour.
MAN. Diesel & Turbo, Low Speed
MAN PP
Figure 24 shows the independent fuel water injection
system and its test results. The water injection valves were
installed separately from the fuel injection valves.
Therefore, a large amount of water can be injected without
limiting the fuel injection system capacity, and a large
amount of NOx can also be reduced. However, since
excessive water is still required, the water injection timing
and atomizer have to be further optimized
PAPER NO.: 186
Cutting edge technologies of UE engine for
higher efficiency and environment
CIMAC 2010 CIMAC 2010
Deciding factors of Tier III technology
Yard preference
First cost (CAPEX)
Space requirements
Installation flexibility
Owner preferences
Operation cost (OPEX)
Operation simplicity
Reliability
Maintenance cost
Waste disposal cost
STATUS OF INTERESTS
The most effective countermeasures reducing
emission in general
is to reduce the speed of the vessel.
Proposal to reduce Emission, Investments and
Operational Costs
Power reduction Speed reduction 0% 0%
10% 3%
20% 6%
30% 10%
40% 14%
50% 18%
Proposal to reduce Emission, Investments and
Operational Costs
Tier III only for NECA
It must be ensured that the motor does not exceed the limited power
in Tier III mode.
Could be relevant and acceptable for all type of vessels operated
only partly at NECA?
If Yes then is possible to apply dual certification
Proposal to reduce Emission, Investments and
Operational Costs
Proposal to reduce Emission Investments and
Operational Costs
Dual Certification
Tier II for open Sea
Tier III for NECA only
Adopting a limited speed for the NECA areas for Tier III will be
possible of applying a
reduced Tier III application i.e. EGR or SCR on engines limited in
power output by NECA sailing.
In mean time other possibilities and less polluted as:
NECA tuning
or separate water injection
or water emulsification
or
Combination WITH the proved systems can be selected.
The overall efficiency will be better and the absolute level of
emission will be minimized simultaneous that the CAPEX and
OPEX for the shipping companies will be considerable lower.
Proposal to reduce Emission, Investments and
Operational Costs
Limit Capacity of Tier III NOx control
Proposal for dual-NOx certificate with reduced Equipment Capacity
Outside NECA – Tier II
Available power
NECA – Tier III
Available power
NECA – Tier III
60 MW
60 MW Tier II
60 MW, Same as for Tier II
60 MW Tier III
Test cycle loads (% SMCR)
Tier II 25 50 75 100
15 MW 30 MW 40 MW 60 MW
Tier III 25 50 75 100
15 MW 30 MW 40 MW 60 MW
60 MW
60 MW Tier II
EEDI requirement restrictions
30 MW, Reduced in Tier III
MCR reduced:
30 MW Tier III
Minimum power requirements
Test cycle loads (% SMCR)
Tier II 25 50 75 100
15 MW 30 MW 40 MW 60 MW
Tier III 12.5 25 37.5 50
7.5 MW 15 MW 22.5 MW 30 MW
Equivalence/NOX rule amendment?
50% power reduction equals
~ 20% ship speed reduction
Could be relevant and acceptable for ALL kind of vessels? MAN PP
Action must be taken from:
Shipyards
Engine Designers
Engine Builders
Classification Societies
Shipping Companies
IMO Tier III Regulations
From 2016 in NECA Areas