ERIC 2013 19 September Ramon A. Alberts MSc [email protected]
Carbon Footprint reduction potential Innovative Energy concepts Historical Buildings
PROJECT ENERGETIC RESTORATION
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• Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen
• Hanze Research Centre NoorderRuimte
• Theme Sustainable Building
• SIA RAAK MKB Project
• North of the Netherlands
• 2 years of research
• 4 themes : 5 colleagues
• > 40 participating enterprises, owners and governmental organisations
• > 50 participating students
• > 25 case study projects
• Ramon Alberts
• Researcher/teacher
• EDGAR/CO2-impurities
K-F.I.T Beslis Computer Model
• Karakter
Cultuur historische waarde; Architectuur- en Kunsthistorische waarde; Situationele en Ensemblewaarde; Gaafheid en Herkenbaarheid, en; Zeldzaamheid
• Functie Type; Functie en; Gebruik
• Ingreep Toelichting?
• Type Afmetingen; Constructie; en Extra (bv lambriseringen, orgel e.d.)
Resultaat: in termen van energiewinsten
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Presentation Content
• Research question • Research set up ETR-IEC • Research Methodology • Case study building RUG Groningen • Case study building Justice Leeuwarden • Results
Research Question ER-IEC
• What is the Energy- and CO2-emission reduction
potential of Innovative Energy Concepts in Historical
Buildings and how can this potential be shown to the
stakeholders, like architects, owners, users and third
parties of Historical Buildings?
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Research Setup ER-IEC
19-09-2013 /International Final Conference Energetic Restoration/
/ Research ER-IEC/ Ir. R.A.Alberts/ 5
Research ER
Case Studies
T. v.d. Schoor
HG-Research
Energy
Characteristics
B. Boschma
Sustainable Project
Management
M.C. Vieveen
Companies
-Deerns
-Degin
-Rijksgebouwendienst
-RUG
-Urban climate Architects
-Van Ruysdaal Glas
-Bomar
-Grontmij
-Heymans Servicebouw
Research Question
Innovatieve Energie Concepten (IEC’s)
R.A. Alberts
Results
-Reports
-Data
-Graph’s
-Conclusions
IEC’s
-Trias Energetica 1
-Trias Energetica 2
-Trias Energetica 3
Building Simulation
Software
-Vabi-Elements
-H.E.N.K.
Casestudy Buildings
-RUG, Groningen
-PvJ, Leeuwarden
-Villa Schouwenburg
-Villa Zeist
Students
-L. Claassens
-J.A.P. Schamper
-E.A. van Veen
• Energy data aquisition per Historical Building
• Modeling the Historical Building in Building Simulation Software ( BSS) to determine the Status Quo energy consumption
• Modeling many Innovative Energy Concepts (IEC’s), according to the Trias Energetica to determine the Energy Consumption per separate IEC
• Modeling combinations of IEC’s in the BSS to determine:
1. Scenario A: Pay Back Time < Technical Life Time; Minimum CO2-emission reduction
2. Scenario B: Pay Back Time ≈ Technical Life Time; Medium CO2-emission reduction
3. Scenario C: Pay Back Time > Technical Life Time; Maximum CO2-emission reduction
• Modeling the scenario’s in the goals of the Kyoto Protocol, listed in the Dutch MJA3-regulations to determine the Carbon Footprint reduction potential of existing IEC’s in Historical Buildings
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Research Methodology Ramon Alberts
Trias Energetica 1( Reduction of Energy Use):
• Wall-, Roof-, Ground-isolation; 70-100-150 [mm] PUR/ Rockwool
• Window: Single-/ Double glazing, Foil, HR+/++/+++
• Sun protection systems, Shutters
Trias Energetica 2( Production of Sustainable Energy):
• Solar: PV, BIPV, Solar collectors
• HP(Heat Pump): Air-Air, Air-Water, Water-Water, Gas Absorbtion
• CHP( Combined Heat Power)
• Wood Pellet CH( Central Heating)
Trias Energetica 3( More efficiënt use of Fossil Energy):
• Floor Heating
• Cooling/ Fan coil units/ Condensor
• Zone HVAC(Heating, Ventilation and Cooling)
• Lighting: HF-TL, Led
• Domotica: Area-, Presence- and Condition- Control
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Innovative energy Concepts
Case Study Building RUG/ Groningen
• RUG- State University Groningen; Faculty of Literature; Boteringenstraat 23-25; Groningen; Previous
House with the 13 Temples; Rebuild in 1710; Rococo embellishments 1756; Restoration 1964
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Case Study Building RUG/ Groningen
• Building geometry model of the RUG-building in Vabi-Elements
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RUG Faculty of Literature
Utilities Energy use (E) Primary Energy use (Epri)
CH4 = 26.959[m3/y] 855 (83%) [GJ/y] 1082 (65%) [GJ/y]
Elek. = 49.240 [kWh/y] 177 (17%) [GJ/y] 585 (35%) [GJ/y]
H2O = 219 [m3/y] - -
Total Energy 1.032 (100%) [GJ/y] 1.667 (162%) [GJ/y]
Total Energy/ m2 (GFA) 510 (100%) [MJ/m2.y] 824(162%) [MJ/y.m2 (GFA)]
Total CO2/ m2( GFA) 39 (100%) KG(CO2)/m2(GFA)
GFA=Gross Floor Area = 2.022 [m2]; NFA=Net Floor Area = 1.484 [m2]; 1 [kWh] = 3,6 [MJ] => 11,9( factor 3,3) [MJ(pri.)]
1 [m3 CH4] = 31,7 [MJ] => 44,5( factor 1,3) [MJ(pri.)
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Status Quo RUG-building Ramon Alberts
Trias Energetica reduction unit Percentage
1.1-Wall-isolation CH4 = -6.740 [m3/j] (-25%) gas year total
1.2-Roof-isolation CH4 = -1.500 [m3/j] (-5,5%) gas year total
1.3-Window-isolation CH4 = -3.000 [m3/j] (-11%) gas year total
1-Totaal (TE-1) CH4 = -11.240 [m3/j] (-38%) gas year total
1-Reduction (TE-1) ∆E(pri.) = -383 [GJ(pri)/y] (-23%) E(pri. tot)/y
2.1-CH( wood pellets) E(p) = -428 [GJ(pri)/y] (-25%) E(pri. tot)/y
2.2-PV-roof E(PV) = -160 [GJ(pri)/y] (-10%) E(pri. tot)/y
2-Reduction (TE-2) ∆E(pri.) = -588 [GJ(pri)/y] (-35%) E(pri. tot)/y
Tot. Result (TE) ∆E(pri.)= -971 [GJ(pri)/y] (-58%) E(pri. tot)
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IEC’s for RUG-building Ramon Alberts
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Simulation results RUG/IEC’s Ramon Alberts
Description Entity Unit Reduction
1-Tot Energie Reduction ∆E(pri.) = -971 GJ(pri.)/y (-58%) E(pri.t)/y
2-Remaining Pri. Fossil Energy E(pri.) = 696 GJ(pri.)/y (42%) E(pri.t)/y
3-Remaining Pri. Fossil Energy per m2 (BFA)
E(pri) = 344 E(pri) = 104
MJ(pri)/m2.y kWh(pri)/m2.y
(33%) E(pri.t)/y.m2(BFA)
4-Carbon Footprint CO2(fossil)=10 Kg(CO2)/y.m2(GFA)
(26 %)
4-After Energetic Restoration the building complies till 2030 with the Dutch MJA3- regulations
5-Heritage values are hardly compromised
6-User comfort rises
7-IEC’s Investment Pay Back Times are within the Technical Life Times of the IEC’s
Case Study Building Justice/Leeuwarden
• Palace of Justice; Wilhelminaplein 1; Leeuwarden; Design City architect Thomas Romein; Neo-
Greece Style; Build from 1846-1852; Renovated in 2013.
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Case Study Building Justice/Leeuwarden
• Building geometry model of the Palace of Justice in Vabi-Elements
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Energy data Building of Justice
.
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Building model
Primairy Electricity use
Primairy Gas use
Total primairy Energy use
Total primairy CO2-emissie
[-]
MJ (fossil)/y MJ (fossil)/y MJ (fossil)/y kg Co2 (fossil)/y
History 2011 Energy Data
2.737.130 (42%)
3.846.392 (58%)
6.583.522 (100%)
312.752
First Model 2.547.379
(49%) 2.688.608
(51%) 5.235.987
(100%) 239.141
Model without cooling
2.849.998 (43%)
3.723.526 (57%)
6.573.525 (100%)
305.973
Default model with cooling
5.593.972 (59%)
3.932.589 (41%)
9.526.561 (100%)
419.276
Building simulation of IEC’s Palace of Justice
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Energy
production
plus cooling
Primairy
Electricity
use
Primairy
Gas
use
Primairy
Wood pellet
use
Total primairy
Energie
use
Totale
primaire CO2-
emission
[-]
MJ (fossil)/y MJ (fossil)/y MJ (fossil)/y MJ (fossil)/y in kg CO2
(fossil)/y
CH-unit
5.358.931
(58%) 3.932.589
(42%) 0 (0%)
9.291.520
(100%) 410.532
Air-water HP
5.590.176
(92%) 4.473.382 (8%) 0 (0%)
6.063.558
(100%) 233.375
Water-water HP
4.785.561
(99%) 41.205 (1%) 0 (0%)
4.826.767
(100%) 180.236
Gasabsorption
HP
3.351.579
(55%) 2.782.824
(45%) 0 (0%)
6.134.403
(100%) 274.116
CHP-unit
1.319.570
(20%) 7.928.807
(80%) 0 (0%)
6.609.236
(100%) 474.865
Wood pellet CH
5.358.931
(93%) 0 (0%) 432.585 (7%)
5.791.516
(100%) 203.505
• .
Scenario simulation Palace of Justice
.
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Vabi-Elements Simulation results of Scenario’s in Palace of Justice
Primairy Electricity use
Primairy Gas- Wood pellet use
Total Primairy Energy use
Total primairy CO2-emission (Carbon Footprint of IEC’s)
units MJ (fossil)/m² (GFA)•Y
MJ (fossil)/m² (GFA)•Y
MJ (fossil)/m² (GFA)•Y
kg CO2 (fossil)/m² (GFA)•Y
History 2011 563,4 (49%) 791,8 (98%) 1355,2 (69%) 64,4( 75%)
Default model 1151,5 (100%) 809,5 (100%) 1961,0 (100%) 86,3(100%)
Scenario A 374,7 (33%) 102,7 (13%) 477,4 (24%)
23,1(27%)
Scenario B -45,7 (-4%) 91,1 (11%) 45,4 (2,3%)
6,3(7,3%)
Scenario C -60,6 (-5%) 91,1 (11%) 30,5 (1,6%)
5,7(6.6%)
GFA=Gross Floor Area = 4558[m2]; NFA=Net Floor Area = 3897[m2]; 1 [kWh] = 3,6 [MJ] => 11,9( factor 3,3) [MJ(pri.)]
1 [m3 CH4] = 31,7 – 35,2[MJ] => 44,5( factor 1,3) [MJ(pri.)
Wood pellets[kg] => 18 [MJ (pri.)]( with:1,98{( 11%)MJ] Fossil Energy and 16,02( 89%)[MJ] Renewable Energy
Scenario simulation Palace of Justice
.
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0
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En
erg
y U
se F
oss
iel,
Su
sta
inab
le [
%E
(19
90)]
Jaar [-]
Kyoto Protocol: Dutch MJA3-regulation
2005: - 15%
CO2-emission
1990: reference
100%
CO2-emission
2020: - 45%
CO2-emission
2030: -65%
CO2-emission
2050: 100%
CO2-emission!
Fossil Energy reduction
Fossil CO2 reduction
Sustainable Energy production
Case Study Building Justice/Leeuwarden
MJA3: Scenario A
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Case Study Building Justice/Leeuwarden
MJA3: Scenario B
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• Red- Primary Fossil Energy
• Green- Sustainable Energy
• Black- Fossil CO2-emission
Case Study Building Justice/Leeuwarden
MJA3: Scenario C
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Results ER-IEC
. Building Fossil Energy Primary Energy CO2-emission
[MJ/m2(GFA).y] [MJ(pri)/m2(GFA).y] Kg(CO2)/m2(GFA).y
RUG
Status Quo 510(100%) 824(100%) 39(100%)
Scenario B 165(33%) 344(42%) 10(26%)
Pal. Justice
Status Quo 970(100%) 1961(100%) 86(100%)
Scenario A 194(20%) 477(24%) 23(27%)
Scenario B 26(3%) 45(2%) 6,3(7,3%)
Scenario C 10(1%) 31(2%) 5,7(6,6%)
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Thank You for your attention Any questions?