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Transportation Planning and Modeling
Transportation planning is a field involved with the evaluation, assessment, design and siting of transportation facilities (generally streets, highways, footpaths, bike lanes and public transport lines). – Wikipedia, Aug 29, 2010 Image: public domain
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Rational Planning Method
– defining goals and objectives,
– identifying problems,
– generating alternatives,
– evaluating alternatives, and
– developing plans
Image: GNU Free Documentation LicenseDaniel Schwen, the copyright holder
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Des Moines MPOhttp://www.dmampo.org/
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Planning Options
• Short run– TSM– TDM– Access Mgmt.– Congestion Mgmt.
• Long Run– Construction– Land use
• Future?– Pricing– Technology (ITS, fuels)
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Congestion Pricing• http://www.streetfilms.org/archives/campaign-for-new-yorks-future-congestion-pricing/
Why we don’t use congestion pricing: http://planningresearch.blogspot.com/2007/03/manville-on-why-we-dont-use-congestion.html
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Travel demand modeling
• Evaluating alternatives requires– Estimated travel demand (trips)– Estimated trip lengths– Estimated modal shares– Estimated travel speeds– Estimated travel delays– Estimate air quality, noise and energy impacts
• Need a systematic process
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“Four” step model
optional
sometimes omitted
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Data collection
• Demographic/Socioeconomic
• Transportation system
• Travel behavior/propensity/desires– Surveys
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Study area/zone slide
Des Moines MPO Boundary
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Zones (TAZs)
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Travel Demand Modeling (Forecasting)
• What is travel “demand”?• Three factors
– Land use– Socioeconomics and demographics– Transportation services
(TTYP name 3characteristicsof these factorsthat affect demand)
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Trip Generation
• Determine number of “trip ends”
• Methods– Cross Classification (tables)– Rates based on activity units (ITE) – Regression
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Trip Distribution
• Determine origin and destination of trips
• Methods– Gravity model (Need a good shortest path
algorithm)– Growth factor models
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Find the shortest path from node to all other nodes (from Garber and Hoel)1
Yellow numbers represent link travel times in minutes3
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FINAL1
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From: Davison E. SoperUniv of Oregon
©1995 - 2008, AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETYAPS encourages the redistribution of the materials included in this newspaper provided that attribution to the source is noted and the materials are not truncated or changed.
http://mitchlanaillustration.blogspot.com
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Mode Choice (Split)
• Which mode (transit, walk, carpool,drive alone, …) will be used?
• Methods– Direct generation– Trip end models– Trip interchange models
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Traffic Assignment
• Which route will the trips take?
• Methods– Minimum path (distance or time)– Capacity restrained
• Need a good shortest path algorithm