1WorldAgroforestryCentre
TreeswithediblepartsinforestandagroforestsinJambilandscape
HestiL.Tata,SubektiRahayu,HartiNingsihWorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF‐SEA)
PresentationOutline:
• Populationvsriceproduction
• Rubberagroforests(RAF)
• Briefdescriptionofresearchsites
• TreediversityofforestandRAF
• Treeswithedibleparts
• SimilaritybetweenforestandRAF
• Challengesofagroforestrysystems
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PopulationvsRiceProduction
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Source:StatisticsIndonesia,2012
Source:StatisticsIndonesia,2012
‐Indonesiaisthelargestriceconsumer.Riceconsumptionis140kgofriceperpersonperyear.‐‐MDG1:eradicatepovertyandhunger.‐‐Challengesforagroforestrysystemstoprovidefoodinmix‐plantingbetweentreesandcrops.
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ComplexRAF
SimpleRAF
Rubbermonoculture
Sitecharacteristics
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LandcoverLandcover change in change in BungoBungo district in district in 1973-20081973-2008
Source:LandscapeMosaicBungoTeam(2008)
2008
Driversfordeforestationatlandscapelevel:(i) Landconversion(tooilpalmplantation,industrialforestplantation(HTI),rubbermonoculture,transmigrationarea,shiftingcultivation(landgrabbing)),(ii)Loggingactivities(stoppedin2000)(iii)Mining(coal)
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Forest
RAF30F RAF60F
SF25F
Species Density and Richness
• SpeciesrichnessanddensityofsaplingwerehigherinRAF‐60,whileforpolewashigherinshrub‐30andfortreewashigherinforest.• RAF‐13andRAF‐30hadhigherdensitybutalsohadlowerspeciesrichnessthanotherlandcovertypes.• Lowspeciesrichnesswasinfluencedbythehighdominanceofrubberineveryrubberagroforestsite.
Source:HartiNingsih,2008
Treeswithediblepartsinresearchsites,Bungo
Family Species name Uses Found inApocynaceae Dyera costulata latex for chewing gum RAF
Bombacaceae Durio zibethinus fruit RAF
Burseraceae Canarium littorale nuts RAF
Burseraceae Dacryodes rostrata fruit Forest and RAF
Clusiaceae Calophyllum venulosum fruits Forest
Euphorbiaceae Aporusa octandra fruits Shurbs
Euphorbiaceae Hevea brassiliensis young fruit RAF
Fabaceae Parkia speciosa nuts Forest and RAF
Moraceae Artocarpus nitidus fruits Shurbs
Sapindaceae Nephelium ramboutan-ake fruits RAF
Sapindaceae Pometia pinnata fruits RAF
Sterculiaceae Sterculia foetida nuts for spice Shurbs
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Note:medicinaltreesarenotincluded)
BeneficialtreesinRAFandForest
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Class ofspecies
Species Product Planted? Where? Harvest time
Introduced species
Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Latex Yes Agroforest/Monoculture
Daily
Oilpalm (Elaeis guineensis) Fruit Yes Monoculture Biweekly
Localspecies(10 mostimportant)
Durian (Durio zibethinus) Fruit/Timber
Yes/no Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3year
Petai (Parkia speciosa) Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Annual
Duku (Lansium domesticum) Fruit Yes Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3year
Stinky bean(Archidendron jiringa)
Fruit No Agroforest Per 6 month
Kabau(Archidendron bubalinum)
Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Per 6 month
Local longan(Dimocarpus longan)
Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3year
Mangostan(Garcinia mangostan)
Fruit Yes Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3year
Cempedak (Artocarpusinteger)
Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Annually
Manau (Calamus sp) Rattan No Forest Annually
Meranti (Shorea spp) Timber No Forest/Agfrst If necessary
(Source:Lehebel‐Peron,2008)
SimilarityIndexbetweenForestandRAFinvariouslocationinJambi
Stratum(locations) JaccardIndex Sources
Saplings(BungoandTebo) 0.44 Rasnovi,2006
PolesandTrees(Bungo) 0.14 Tataetal.,2008
Trees(Bungo) 0.18 (thisstudy)
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Itisshownthatinlowerstratum,specieslevelgrowinRAFismoresimilartoforest.
Challengesofagroforestrysystemforfoodsecurity
• Treebasedagroforestry,suchasrubberagroforest,providesfoods,mainlyfruits,nutsandspices.
• Treesprovidingcarbohydrateandprotein(suchasbreadfruit,jackfruit,candlenuts,etc.)canbeenrichedwithenrichmentplanting.
• Taungyasystemprovidesannualcrops,suchasupland,vegetables,spices,etc.
• Promotingnewvarietyofcropswithlightintolerant,suchaspaddyandsoybean,thatcanbegrownundercanopy.
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Thankyou
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