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UNIT 5 TEST REVIEWU.S. History

SSUSH 11U.S. History

Expansion and Reform

Was influenced by the railroads and new

technological advances

Big Business


Railroads contribute to this happening in the U.S. after

1870 on a large scale

Westward Expansion


Expansion of Railroads in the 1860s caused

Big Business to dominate the

economy


This caused interruption in the lives of Native

Americans

Railroads


New technology that made steel stronger and

cheaper

Bessemer Process


A way to create a monopoly by buying out all

your competitors

Horizontal Integration


A way to create a monopoly by buying not only competitors

but buying out natural resources, production, and

distribution

Vertical Consolidation


A business arrangement where there is one owner that

sets prices, wages and controls the industry

Monopoly


Main goal in the creation of Monopolies

Eliminate Competition


A conglomeration of monopolies joined together to

eliminate Competition

Trust


Used Vertical Integration to form a monopoly over

steel

Carnegie


Railroad, completed in 1869, that run from the Atlantic

Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

Transcontinental Railroad


Main labor source on the western leg of the

Transcontinental Railroad

Chinese Labor


Used Horizontal and Vertical integration to form

a monopoly on Oil

John D. Rockefeller


The name of John D. Rockefeller’s business

Standard Oil Company


John D. Rockefeller’s business trusts led to the

formation of

Monopolies


Inventor that created the Light Bulb

Thomas Edison


Edison invention that allowed people to work at night and see in the dark

Electric Light Bulb


Invention of Edison’s that allowed people to enjoy

themselves at the Movies

Motion Pictures


Edison invention that allowed people to listen to

records and recorded sound

Phonograph


An Increase in Railroads stimulated

National economic growth


Immigration station located in New York Harbor; entrance

point for immigrants entering on the East coast of U.S.

Ellis Island


New Immigration after the Civil War; Immigrants did not speak

English and were Jewish or Catholics and come from

Southern & Eastern Europe


Concept used to explain the overpopulation of cities due to

increased Immigration

Urbanization


First organized and National labor union in the

United States

American Federation of Labor (AFL)


Leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Samuel Gompers


Samuel Gompers can best be described as a

Union Leader


Samuel Gompers helped

Laborers / Workers


Strategy used by Unions to stop work by workers refusing to work until demands are met

Strike


This grew quickly because of the Railroad

Western Population


Sioux leader that fought U.S. soldiers; led his people in exile in Canada, and finally agreed to settle on a reservation; later shot to death by government

agents

Sitting Bull


Massacre of Sioux in South Dakota where 300 women, children, and men killed by

U.S. Soldiers

Wounded Knee


Congressional law that attempted to assimilate native

Americans into American Culture

Dawes Act


Conflict that occurred when an owner of a cart company cut workers wages but did not

lower their rent

1894 Pullman Strike


In the Pullman strike workers had a desire to

Protect their wages


The Pullman strike was a factor that directly

contributed to

Industrial Unrest


Political reform movement where people supported increased government

regulation of business & industry

Progressive Era


Novel that revealed the unsanitary conditions in the

Chicago meat packing industry

The Jungle


Journalist and author of The Jungle

Upton Sinclair


Law made by Congress to force meat packers to make sure their food was safe to

consume; Influenced by The Jungle

Meat Inspection Act


Female progressive that opened a settlement house in Chicago to help the inner city

poor

Jane Addams


Settlement house that provided immigrants learn home

economics, basic medical care, English, legal rights;

established by Jane Addams

Hull House


Concept that explains segregation laws that required

separate public and private facilities for African Americans

Jim Crow


Court case in 1896 that ruled that segregation in public and private facilities is acceptable

Plessy v. Ferguson


Legal standard established by Plessy v. Ferguson

Separate but Equal


Group formed to promote full social and economic equality

for African Americans

NAACP


NAACP stands for

National Association for the Advancement

of Colored People


First African American to graduate from Harvard

University and founder of the NAACP

WEB Dubois


Journalist that exposed the corrupt business practices of

Standard Oil Company

Ida Tarbell


Title of Ida Tarbell’s novel criticizing the unfair practices used by John D. Rockefeller

History of Standard Oil


Reform journalists that investigated and exposed

political corruption, child labor, slum conditions, social issues

Muckrakers


A form of direct control of government by state citizens by forcing a public vote on an issue on the ballot bypassing

state legislatures

Initiative


A process where state legislators place a proposal

for a law on the ballot to allow citizens to vote the law into

effect

Referendum


The power of state citizens to remove public officials from

office before their term expires

Recall


Initiative, referendum, recall increase ordinary citizens

direct control of government which is also known as

Direct Democracy


The 17th Amendment of the United States Constitution

requires this

Direct Election of Senators


The direct election of senators meant that who would elect

the 2 senators from each state

Voters (Citizens of the State)


The 17th Amendment increased ordinary citizens direct control of government

which is also known as

Direct Democracy


Before the 17th Amendment, this is who selected U.S.

Senators

State Legislatures


Progressive era movement that reserved millions of acres

of wilderness lands, particularly in western states

Conservation Movement


This President’s efforts led to the establishment of a national

park system that included Yosemite & Yellowstone

Theodore Roosevelt


Immigrants in urban neighborhoods benefited from

Jane Addams


American feelings caused by Chinese immigrants accepting low wages for jobs whites had held causes wages to go down

Anti-Asian sentiment


Law passed in 1882 by Congress banning all future

Chinese Immigration

Chinese Exclusion Act

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