![Page 1: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
"Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the
earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999
![Page 2: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Audio/Video/Data Conferencing
Bret MatthewsData Connection
![Page 3: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Audio/Video/Data Conferencing
• Data Connection Background
• What Is It?
• Historical Development
• Who Uses It – And Why?
• Predicting The Future
![Page 4: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Data Connection Background
• Software Development• Communications protocols + Higher-level services (“Middleware”)• Packaged Solutions• Supplier to Major Industry Players, Service Providers and End Users
• History / Numbers• Founded in 1981• Straight line growth• ~240 people• £21.5M Revenues + £7.3M Profit
• Products• MetaSwitch• H.323, SIP, T.120, SNA, ATM, SS7, MPLS, …• Messaging and Directory• Voice Access to Email, WWW, Content …• Conferencing
• DC-MeetingServer• Microsoft NetMeeting, DC-Share for Unix• ITU-T Standards Participation – e.g. T.128
![Page 5: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Conferencing – What Is It?
• Video/Audio Conferencing• Video and Audio – “talking heads”• Telephone call “on speed”
• Collaboration• Data
• Share Applications• Whiteboard• File Transfer• Chat
• On-line interactive meetings
• Multipoint over local and wide area• Potential Markets
• Home/Consumer• Vertical (e.g. Banking Kiosks)• Corporate
• But depends on• Bandwidth
• e.g. audio requires 5-64 kbits/sec, video requires 150 - 500 kbits/sec
• Latency• Infrastructure
![Page 6: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Traditional Videoconferencing
![Page 7: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Desktop Conferencing
![Page 8: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A Conferencing-Enabled Network
PublicISDN
Network
ISDN (H.320) Videoconferencing
Room System
PublicSwitched
TelephoneNetwork
Telephone Telephone
H.323 Gatekeeper IP Phone
IP Network
NetMeeting
DC-Share for UNIX
DC-MeetingServer
Firew all
Java-enabled W eb brow ser
H.323 - PSTN Gatew ay
H.323 - H.320 Gatew ay
![Page 9: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Historical Development
• First Sightings• Jetsons, 1962
• AT&T PicturePhone – debuted World’s Fair 1964, available 1970, $160/month
• Compression Labs, 1982, $250,000 system, $1000 per hour to use
• Group (Room) Systems (early-90s onward)• Small Market
• Tens of thousands of pounds per unit
• Single purpose hardware and software
• PictureTel, VTEL, BT, TANDBERG
• Desktop (Personal) Systems (mid-90s onward)• Huge potential market
• Runs on standard hardware costing £1000 or less
• Proprietary islands of interoperability
• Data Connection, Polycom, Microsoft
• Key Developments (late-90s)• Standards: T.120, H.323
• Internet / Web conferencing
![Page 10: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Historical Development
• Standards• H.32x
• H.320 : ISDN 64kbps x n• H.324 : PSTN <28.8kbps• H.323 : non-QoS LANS = Internet?
• T.120• T.122-T.125: MCS/GCC multipoint infrastructure• T.126: whiteboard• T.127: multipoint file transfer• T.128: application sharing• T.134/140: chat
• H.323/T.120 clients• Microsoft NetMeeting for Windows – http://www.microsoft.com/windows/netmeeting/
• Netopia for Mac – http://www.netopia.com/software/tb2/index.html
• Data Connection for UNIX• Sun Forum – http://www.sun.com/desktop/products/software/sunforum/
• SGImeeting – http://www.sgi.com/software/sgimeeting/
• HP Visualize Conference – http://www.hp.com/visualize/fyi/bissue/july99/newprods.htm
• IBM AIX• DC-Share for Linux - http://www.dcshare.com
![Page 11: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Conferencing – Who Uses It?
![Page 12: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Conferencing – Who Uses It?
• Hewlett Packard• Conferencing servers in the US, Japan, Australia, Europe, and Singapore. • Over 100,000 on-line meetings and 12 million minutes of conferencing per month• Increases teamwork among dispersed employees • Saves time and money - between $275,000 and $400,000 per month
• Budget Rent A Car• Virtual classroom between three training labs in Illinois and 127 remote workstation sites across
the U.S. • Usage has grown steadily, reaching approximately 400,000 minutes in Jan 2001 • Training costs have dropped from $2,000 per trainee to $156 • More employees are being trained, from 60% to 99% • Employee performance as good or better than with traditional training • Return on investment (ROI) achieved in 6 months
• Merrill Lynch• Servers located in the US, UK, Australia, Japan, and Singapore• Enterprise-wide deployment, with over half a million minutes per month of usage• Saves over $1 million per year
• See www.latitude.com/stories
![Page 13: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conferencing – Market Status
• How big?• The conferencing services market is projected to approach $14 billion
worldwide by 2005, representing a 38% compound annual growth rate over the 2000-2005 time period. (IDC: July 2001)
• Home Market• Low Bandwidth (traditionally)• Chat + Audio?• Mix of “GrannyPhone” + IRC/Chat + “Adult”• Audio/Video is poor to appalling over Internet
• Vertical• Very limited deployment• Value-add over proprietary approaches• Helpdesks, call centres
![Page 14: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conferencing – Market Status (2)
• Corporate• High bandwidth on corporate LANs• Variable bandwidth in Intranets• Strong bias to data
• Not enough bandwidth for Audio and – particularly - Video?
• Can always use the ‘phone!
• Security / firewalls
Corporate “Sell”?• Quantifiable benefits: reduced travel costs• Non-quantifiable benefits:
• Improved work practices/productivity
• Better job satisfaction and employee morale
• We use it between sites• High levels of interest/deployment across sectors:
• Engineering – Ford, Boeing, BMW, …
• Military
• Service Providers
![Page 15: "Video conferencing is inevitable, but so is the day when the sun flames out and consumes the earth. Which will come first?", Stan Gibson, 1999](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070306/55160dca55034694308b51aa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Conferencing – Predicting The Future
• Web clients• Rapidly growing sector• Lack of standards and bridging to traditional clients like NetMeeting
• Conference Servers• in-house or via ISP• security, management• bridging communications – IP and PSTN• services – web “proxy”, recording
• Development of infrastructure• More bandwidth – e.g. deployment of 100Mbit Ethernet• QoS in VPNs
• predictable bandwidth• predictable latency
• Email was the major corporate growth “technology” of the 90’s ...
• Conferencing is a major corporate growth “technology” in the new millennium