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Video Questions
• What elements were created during the big bang?
• What elements are created as fusion in stars?
• What elements are created during a super nova explosion?
• How does the mass of the star effect element creation?
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Where do elements come from?
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The First Elements in the Early Universe
Hydrogen and Helium were the first elements
Where do the other 90 naturally occurring elements originate (come) from?
Fusion in stars and Supernovae
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Elements in the stars as viewed from Earth
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Elements are made in stars• Stars are hot ionized
balls of gas (plasma) full of energy and are held together by gravity
• Everything is made from the elements created in massive stars. Stars are huge factories producing the elements found in the Universe.
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What is Nuclear Fusion?
• The star creates heat and light by nuclear fusion. Light Hydrogen atoms fuse into Helium atoms.
Combining of atomic nuclei
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Lighter Elements: Atomic # ≤ 26
• Lighter elements fuse to create heavier elements like carbon and oxygen
• During the life span of a star, fusion can take place up to the formation of Iron (Fe)
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© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Supergiants
• They have enough gravitational energy to heat up to 6 x 108 K. – C fuses into O
• C is exhausted, core collapses until O fuses.
• The cycle repeats itself.– O Ne Mg Si Fe
What happens to the high mass stars when they exhaust their He fuel?
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Supernova
Crab Nebula in Taurussupernova exploded in 1054
The amount of energy released is so great, that most of the elements heavier than Iron (Fe) are instantly created.
Heavier Elements: Atomic # > 26
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Supernovae
Veil Nebula Tycho’s Supernova (X-rays)exploded in 1572
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• After a supernova, a solar nebula is formed which contains heavier elements
• This nebula forms new stars with a higher concentration of heavier elements
• Our Sun has 67 different elements and is thus a later generation or “recycled” star
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Where do elements come from?
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Where do elements come from?
•Big Bang
•Fusion in Stars HHeC…
•Supernovas - Recycled Matter