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Ward Cunningham
Wikimania 2005Frankfurt, Germany
Where From? Where To?Prehistory and Speculation about
Wiki
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You will find these slides at
http://c2.com/doc/wikimanina
They are yours to use under the
Creative Commons Attribution License
http://creativecommons.org
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Imagining the Network
http://c2.com/~ward/morse/SimNet
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Simulated in Pascal and Java
http://c2.com/~ward/morse/SimNet/SimView.html
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Representation & Communication
Computer Radio
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How Ideas Spread
• People Cards• Project Cards• Idea Cards
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CRC Design Database
Class
Responsibilities
Collab
orato
rs
http://c2.com/doc/firstcrc.pdf
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CRC Index Cards
Foo
DoeFooReBar
PiBarZigFoo
“This Guy”
http://c2.com/doc/crc/draw.html
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Representation & Communication
Computer Radio
Ideas Experience
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Patterns as a New Literature
WindowPer Task
Nouns andVerbs
ShortMenus
StandardPanes
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Portland Pattern Repository
Hypertext of Patternshttp://c2.com/ppr/
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Generated HTML
DOCUMENT.TXT
HTMLgenerator
1994: Run generator by hand1995: Form interface to generator
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Wiki Wiki Web
Window Per Task
Mumble mumble blah mumble
blah blah mumble mumble
mumble blah blah blah
blah mumble blah mumble
blah blah mumble mumble
mumble blah blah blah
blah mumble blah mumble
Edit Contents of this page.
Window Per TaskMumble mumble blah mumble
blah blah mumble mumble
mumble blah blah blahblah mumble blah mumble
blah blah mumble mumbleSaveSave
http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WindowPerTask
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Wiki Design Principles• Unified - Page names will be
drawn from a flat space so that no additional context is required to interpret them.
• Precise - Pages will be titled with sufficient precision to avoid most name clashes, typically by forming noun phrases.
• Tolerant - Interpretable (even if undesirable) behavior is preferred to error messages.
• Observable - Activity within the site can be watched and reviewed by any other visitor to the site.
• Convergent - Duplication can be discouraged or removed by finding and citing similar or related content.
• Open - Should a page be found to be incomplete or poorly organized, any reader can edit it as they see fit.
• Incremental - Pages can cite other pages, including pages that have not been written yet.
• Organic - The structure and text content of the site is open to editing and evolution.
• Mundane - A small number of (irregular) text conventions will provide access to the most useful page markup.
• Universal - The mechanisms of editing and organizing are the same as those of writing so that any writer is automatically an editor and organizer.
• Overt - The formatted (and printed) output will suggest the input required to reproduce it. http://c2.com/wiki?WikiDesignPrinciples
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Representation & Communication
Computer Radio
Ideas Experience
Patterns Wiki
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Wikipedia
My question, to this esteemed Wiki community, is this: Do you think that a Wiki could successfully generate a useful encyclopedia? -- JimboWales
Yes, but in the end it wouldn't be an encyclopedia. It would be a wiki. -- WardCunningham
http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiPedia
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Representation & Communication
Encyclopedia Wikimedia
Do not think of
Wikipedia as just
an encyclopedia
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Representation & Communication
Writing Roads
Scientific Method Printing Press
Integrated Circuits Fiber Optics
Wikipedia
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Limits to Growth
1995 2005
Ward’s Wiki(changed programming)
Wikipedia(changing what?)
Agile Methods
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Limits to Growth
• Population
• Energy
• Climate
These are forces
that demand we
reframe the way
we think.
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Representation & Communication
Integrated Circuits Fiber Optics
Object Models P2P Networks
Simulation Evolution
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Imagining the Network
http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?FolkMemory
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Objects Show Many Ways
abcxyz
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Servers Copy Objects
copy
12.156.32.95
32.26.97.11345.31.29.56
copy
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Objects May Be Missing
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Objects Trail Location History
793
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Servers Resolve Duplicates
793
321
821321
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Server Heuristics
• Connection - Chooses when to open, accept and close connections. Guided largely by “trail climbing” of interesting objects and average channel performance. Allocates sockets, total bandwidth, and processing time devoted to transmission.
• Distribution - Chooses which objects to distribute through each open channel. Guided by authority, apparent interest from hosted application, and interest shown by peer servers. Allocates channel bandwidth to individual objects.
• Preservation - Chooses which objects will be kept in the server. Guided by authority, network and application interest, connection behavior and available space.
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Adaptive Federation
copy
copy
copycopy
copy
Right to LifeRight to Choose
copy copyNew
Fra
min
g
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Adaptive Federation
copy
copy
copycopy
copy
copy
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Tolerant Scripting
Enter
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Representation & Communication
Encyclopedia Wikimedia
Simulated Worlds FolkMemory
Real World Cultural Evolution