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Word List Timeline
Mecca Quraysh
haram Ka‘ba
Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abdal-Muttalib, of the clan of Hashim, ofthe tribe of Quraysh
Hashim Abu Talib Khadija
c. 570 Birth ofMuhammad
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Word List Timeline
Mt. Hira’
sura (chapter of theQur’an)
aya (verse of theQur’an)
Qur’an/Koran ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib
610 Laylat al-Qadr(Night of Power, 27thRamadan)
611 Muhammad startspreaching in Mecca.
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Word List Timeline
615 Some Muslims emigrate toAbyssinia.
619 Deaths of Abu Talib andKhadija.
620 Muhammad meets Yathribis.
622 Yathribis swear to obey/fightfor Muhammad.
Yathrib
‘Aws
Khazraj
Abu Bakr
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Word List Timeline
al-Madina/Medina(the city)
Madinat al-Nabi (the city of the Prophet)
muhajirun (migrants) ansar (helpers)
umma (Muslim community)
Constitution of Medina
622 hijra (started 16thJuly).
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Word List Timeline
Banu Qurayza
Banu’l-Nadir
Banu Qaynuqa‘
khandaq (ditch)
Sa‘d ibn Mu‘adh
624 Battle of Badr. Expulsionof the Banu Qaynuqa‘.
625 Battle of Uhud. Expulsionof the Banu’l-Nadir.
627 Battle of the khandaq.Execution of the Banu Qurayza.
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Word List Timeline
Isma‘il Ta‘if
jizya hajj
‘A’isha
628 Truce with Mecca
629 Muslim pilgrimageto Mecca
630 Muhammad takesMecca
632 Death ofMuhammad (8th June)
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Word List Themes in theQur’anal-Fatiha (the Opening)
Abraham, Moses, David,Jesus and Muhammad
Hud, Salih, Shu‘ayb andLuqman
hadithSunna
khawass al-Qur’an
1. God
2. Prophets
3. Judgment Day
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Word List Timeline
Khusraw Parviz
Heraclius
Ctesiphon
Abu Bakr
602 Persians attackByzantine Empire.
628 Byzantines drivePersians back to Ctesiphon.Persia descends into civilwar.
632 Death of Muhammad.Succeeded by Abu Bakr.
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Word List
khalifat rasul Allah (successor to theMessenger of God)
khalifa (caliph) umma
amir al-mu’minin (commander of the faithful)
rashidun (rightly-guided ones) Umayyads
hijra ‘A’isha
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Word List Timeline
ridda (apostasy)
‘Umar ibnal-Khattab
Yarmuk River
632-34 Wars of the Ridda
634 Death of Abu Bakr.Succeeded by ‘Umar
636 Battle of the YarmukRiver. Conquest of Syria/Holy Land follows.
637 Damascus taken.
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Word List Timeline
Qadisiyya
Ctesiphon
Zoroastrianism
magi
gnostic Manichaeans Alexandria
637 Battle of Qadisiyya.Ctesiphon and other Persiancities taken.
639-42 Muslims take Egypt.
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Word List Timeline
diwan
‘Uthman ibn‘Affan
ansar
fitna (temptation/time of trials, i.e.civil war)
641-47 Further expeditionsvs. Byzantines and Persians.
644 Death of ‘Umar.Succeeded by ‘Uthman.
651 Completion ofconquest of Persia.
655 Muslims take Cyprus.
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Word List Timeline
‘Ali ibn Abi Talib
Basra
Mu‘awiya ibn AbiSufyan
Siffin
kharijis (seceders)
656 Death of ‘Uthman.‘Ali acclaimed as caliph.Battles of the Camel andSiffin. Arbitration agreed.‘Ali abandoned bykharijis.
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Word List Timeline
Adhruh
al-Hasan
al-Husayn
shi‘at ‘Ali/shi‘is/Shi‘ites
658 Arbitration at Adhruh.Rejected by ‘Ali.
660 Mu‘awiya acclaimedcaliph in Jerusalem.
661 Death of ‘Ali.Al-Hasan gives up claimto caliphate.
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Object List
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Façade of the palace at Ctesiphon in the 19th century. Sasanian. (F)
Iwan of Sasanian imperial palace. Ctesiphon, Iraq. (F)
Sasanian stucco plaques: rosette from Bishapur; plaque fromUm-Za’atir near Ctesiphon. (F)
Sasanian merlon of stucco from Bishapur. Sasanian stucco plaquewith boar’s head from Damghan. (F)
Relief showing two ibexes flanking a vine. (F)
Sasanian silver bowl showing King Peroz (457/9-484 CE) huntingmoufflons. Silver with partial mercury gilding. Sasanian. (F)
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Object List
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Silver bowl with Khusraw I Anushirvan among dignitaries.Sasanian. (F)
Silver jug with crossed lions. Sasanian. (F)
Chapel of the Ascension, Jerusalem. Byzantine. (F)
Sculpted pier from St Polyeuktos, Constantinople, 524-7, reused,Piazzetta, Venice. (Early Christian and Byzantine Art:<http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi4263/byzantine.html>.)
Throne of Archbishop Maximian: detail, decorative panel showingbirds and animals in a vineyard, ca. 545-553. (AICT:<http://arthist.cla.umn.edu/aict/html/index.html>.)
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Object List
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
The Transfiguration, c. 565/6. Apse mosaic. St Catherine’s Monastery,Sinai. (Early Christian and Byzantine Art:<http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi4263/byzantine.html>.)
Christ and the Theotokos and Child with saints and angels. 6th cent.Ivory dyptich. (Early Christian and Byzantine Art:<http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi4263/byzantine.html>.)
Solidus of Heraclius, 641, and Semissis of Heraclius, 610-613(Byzantine Coins Home Page:<http://www.byzantinecoins.com/>.)
Bronze Peacock Lamp. Early Byzantine, probably Egypt, 6th-7thcentury. (Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection:<http://www.doaks.org/ByzImages/byzcollimages.html>.)