Word List Timeline

Mecca Quraysh

haram Ka‘ba

Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abdal-Muttalib, of the clan of Hashim, ofthe tribe of Quraysh

Hashim Abu Talib Khadija

c. 570 Birth ofMuhammad

Word List Timeline

Mt. Hira’

sura (chapter of theQur’an)

aya (verse of theQur’an)

Qur’an/Koran ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib

610 Laylat al-Qadr(Night of Power, 27thRamadan)

611 Muhammad startspreaching in Mecca.

Word List Timeline

615 Some Muslims emigrate toAbyssinia.

619 Deaths of Abu Talib andKhadija.

620 Muhammad meets Yathribis.

622 Yathribis swear to obey/fightfor Muhammad.

Yathrib

‘Aws

Khazraj

Abu Bakr

Word List Timeline

al-Madina/Medina(the city)

Madinat al-Nabi (the city of the Prophet)

muhajirun (migrants) ansar (helpers)

umma (Muslim community)

Constitution of Medina

622 hijra (started 16thJuly).

Word List Timeline

Banu Qurayza

Banu’l-Nadir

Banu Qaynuqa‘

khandaq (ditch)

Sa‘d ibn Mu‘adh

624 Battle of Badr. Expulsionof the Banu Qaynuqa‘.

625 Battle of Uhud. Expulsionof the Banu’l-Nadir.

627 Battle of the khandaq.Execution of the Banu Qurayza.

Word List Timeline

Isma‘il Ta‘if

jizya hajj

‘A’isha

628 Truce with Mecca

629 Muslim pilgrimageto Mecca

630 Muhammad takesMecca

632 Death ofMuhammad (8th June)

Word List Themes in theQur’anal-Fatiha (the Opening)

Abraham, Moses, David,Jesus and Muhammad

Hud, Salih, Shu‘ayb andLuqman

hadithSunna

khawass al-Qur’an

1. God

2. Prophets

3. Judgment Day

Word List Timeline

Khusraw Parviz

Heraclius

Ctesiphon

Abu Bakr

602 Persians attackByzantine Empire.

628 Byzantines drivePersians back to Ctesiphon.Persia descends into civilwar.

632 Death of Muhammad.Succeeded by Abu Bakr.

Word List

khalifat rasul Allah (successor to theMessenger of God)

khalifa (caliph) umma

amir al-mu’minin (commander of the faithful)

rashidun (rightly-guided ones) Umayyads

hijra ‘A’isha

Word List Timeline

ridda (apostasy)

‘Umar ibnal-Khattab

Yarmuk River

632-34 Wars of the Ridda

634 Death of Abu Bakr.Succeeded by ‘Umar

636 Battle of the YarmukRiver. Conquest of Syria/Holy Land follows.

637 Damascus taken.

Word List Timeline

Qadisiyya

Ctesiphon

Zoroastrianism

magi

gnostic Manichaeans Alexandria

637 Battle of Qadisiyya.Ctesiphon and other Persiancities taken.

639-42 Muslims take Egypt.

Word List Timeline

diwan

‘Uthman ibn‘Affan

ansar

fitna (temptation/time of trials, i.e.civil war)

641-47 Further expeditionsvs. Byzantines and Persians.

644 Death of ‘Umar.Succeeded by ‘Uthman.

651 Completion ofconquest of Persia.

655 Muslims take Cyprus.

Word List Timeline

‘Ali ibn Abi Talib

Basra

Mu‘awiya ibn AbiSufyan

Siffin

kharijis (seceders)

656 Death of ‘Uthman.‘Ali acclaimed as caliph.Battles of the Camel andSiffin. Arbitration agreed.‘Ali abandoned bykharijis.

Word List Timeline

Adhruh

al-Hasan

al-Husayn

shi‘at ‘Ali/shi‘is/Shi‘ites

658 Arbitration at Adhruh.Rejected by ‘Ali.

660 Mu‘awiya acclaimedcaliph in Jerusalem.

661 Death of ‘Ali.Al-Hasan gives up claimto caliphate.

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Façade of the palace at Ctesiphon in the 19th century. Sasanian. (F)

Iwan of Sasanian imperial palace. Ctesiphon, Iraq. (F)

Sasanian stucco plaques: rosette from Bishapur; plaque fromUm-Za’atir near Ctesiphon. (F)

Sasanian merlon of stucco from Bishapur. Sasanian stucco plaquewith boar’s head from Damghan. (F)

Relief showing two ibexes flanking a vine. (F)

Sasanian silver bowl showing King Peroz (457/9-484 CE) huntingmoufflons. Silver with partial mercury gilding. Sasanian. (F)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Silver bowl with Khusraw I Anushirvan among dignitaries.Sasanian. (F)

Silver jug with crossed lions. Sasanian. (F)

Chapel of the Ascension, Jerusalem. Byzantine. (F)

Sculpted pier from St Polyeuktos, Constantinople, 524-7, reused,Piazzetta, Venice. (Early Christian and Byzantine Art:<http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi4263/byzantine.html>.)

Throne of Archbishop Maximian: detail, decorative panel showingbirds and animals in a vineyard, ca. 545-553. (AICT:<http://arthist.cla.umn.edu/aict/html/index.html>.)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

The Transfiguration, c. 565/6. Apse mosaic. St Catherine’s Monastery,Sinai. (Early Christian and Byzantine Art:<http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi4263/byzantine.html>.)

Christ and the Theotokos and Child with saints and angels. 6th cent.Ivory dyptich. (Early Christian and Byzantine Art:<http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi4263/byzantine.html>.)

Solidus of Heraclius, 641, and Semissis of Heraclius, 610-613(Byzantine Coins Home Page:<http://www.byzantinecoins.com/>.)

Bronze Peacock Lamp. Early Byzantine, probably Egypt, 6th-7thcentury. (Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection:<http://www.doaks.org/ByzImages/byzcollimages.html>.)