W O R K D E S I G N A N D E R G O N O M I C S
WORK METHOD AND MOTION STUDY
1. VISUAL MOTION STUDY
• First classification of motion study commonly
used because of the lesser cost than the micromotion
study.
• Measuring by direct observation
THE THERBLIG
ELEMENTS(basic
motion elements)
THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS
17 elemen-elemen gerakan dasar (Therblig) dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi effective dan ineffective.
Effective Therblig : Physical Basic divisions : - Menjangkau (reach), lambang huruf RE - Membawa (move), lambang huruf M - Melepas (release), lambang huruf RL - Memegang (grasp), lambang huruf G - Mengarahkan awal (pre position), lambang PP Objective Basic Divisions : - Memakai (use), lambang huruf U - Merakit (assemble), lambang huruf A - Mengurai rakit (disassemble), lambang DA
THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS
Ineffective Therblig : Mental atau semi mental Basic Devisions - Mencari (search), lambang huruf S - Memilih (select), lambang huruf SE - Mengarahkan (position), lambang huruf P - Memeriksa (inspect), lambang huruf I - Merencana (plan), lambang huruf PL Delay - Kelambatan yang tidak terhindarkan UD (unavoidable delay) - Kelambatan yang dapat dihindarkan AD (avoidable delay) - Istirahat untuk menghilangkan lelah R (rest to overcome fatique) - Memegang untuk memakai (hold) H
CONTOH : Uraian gerak seseorang yang akan menulis, dimulai dari menjangkau untuk mengambil pen sampai mengembalikannya pen kembali ke tempat semula (pen holder)
Langkah dalam penulisan
1. Mengambil pen
2. Memegang pen
3. Membawa pen ke kertas
4. Mengarahkan pen untuk menulis
5. Menulis
6. Mengembalikan pen ke tempatnya
7. Memasukkan pen ke dlm tempatnya
8. Melepaskan pen
9. Menggerakkan kembali tangan ke kertas
Nama Gerakan
Menjangkau
Memegang
Membawa
Mengarahkan
Memakai
Membawa
Mengarahkan sementara
Melepas
Menjangkau (transport empty)
WORK METHOD STUDY
• Method study : systematical investigation and documentation
activity of how the work is done.
• Method study : understanding the optimal techniques and
principals of a work system.
Method study
Work system components : materials machines & tools workers environment
Work system alternatives
The best alternative
effective (shorter time) efficient (less cost) productive
WORK SYSTEM COMPONENTS
WORK METHOD (procedure, steps, ordering)
Temperature, lighting, noise, etc.)
(physical environment)
Display, ease of use (machines and tools)
Produk Jadi (Output)
Raw materials supplies/input
(materials)
Ability, age, physical, experience (human/worker)
• Process and work method improvement
• Human, machine, materials improvement and economy
• Proper effort-fatigue of the humans involved
• Working layout and environment improvement
• Bottlenecks
• Targets/outputs does not meet planning (quantity and quality)
• Errors, discomforts, accidents in work
OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES
Method study
objectives
Method study
necessities
• High frequency and lengthy movement of materials and workers
• Bottlenecks
• An operation is being done repeatedly in a long time span
• Increasing scrap and rework cost
• Product quality not consistent
• Workers complaint
• Work fatigue need a lot of rest
• Benchmark from another company
• Labor-turnover and absenteeism
OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES
Necessities - M.G.
Stevenson
WORK METHOD STUDY
“WHAT TO ACHIEVE ?” - Method evaluation
- Machine evaluation
- Environment evaluation
- Rest/work hour evaluation
- Work load evaluation
- Layout evaluation
“HOW TO MEASURE IT ?”
“WHAT TO MEASURE ?” Observe the object • Define the problems
• Identify spectacles
• Problems
• Spectacles
Proper, valid, and
reliable method
• Measurement
• Arrangement
The Best
Work System
STEPS IN WORK METHOD STUDY
Initial considerations : - Will there be any economic
benefits from the outputs ? YES
- Adequate knowledge and skills
to conduct work method study
? YES
- Will there be any negative
reaction or response from the
workers ? NO
Identification of work
operations (method)
Data collection
Work operations/method
documentation
Work method alternatives
recommendation
New suggested work
method implementation
WHAT TO CONSIDER ?
CONSIDERATION
FORM OF
COMPANY
FORM OF THE
MACHINES FORM OF THE
WORK TIME
SMALL/ TRADITIONAL
BIG/ MODERNIZED
AUTOMIZED MANUAL CONTINOUS BATCH
- standard
- SOP
- Permission
- layout
- environment
- human/worker
involvement
- movement
- work station
- job element
- layout
- measurement
method
- idle time
- sampling method
- job element
MOTION ECONOMY STUDY
• Motion study : A study of motions done by the workers to
finish their job, to achieve effective and efficient standard
motions save time and cost
• Objectives : To eliminate/lessen unneffective motions and
replace it with the more effectives
• Understanding and use of work charts is vital !
- Eliminates unnecessary activity
- Combines activity or movement
- Simplifies the activity
MOTION ECONOMY STUDY
PRINCIPALS (MUNDEL) :
MOTION ECONOMY STUDY
MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS
• Physical condition and limitation of work movement
• Both hands can do works together
• Both hands must not be idle in one time
• Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the
opposite direction
• Only use the needed parts of the body
• Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue
• Eye-movement must be focused on an area
1. HUMAN BODY USE
• Physical condition and limitation of work movement
• Both hands can do works together
• Both hands must not be idle in one time
• Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the
opposite direction
• Only use the needed parts of the body
• Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue
• Eye-movement must be focused on an area
1. HUMAN BODY USE
MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS
• Fixed layout routine movements
• Ease of use and comfortable materials and tools
placement
• Layout must enable the best movement order
• Machines and tools dimensions must fit the body
• Good working environment
2. WORKPLACE
MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS
• Minimize manual activity use machine or tools
• Use multi-functioned tools
• Tools placement must be easy to find and reach
• Workload must be balanced
3. TOOLS DESIGN
2. MICROMOTION STUDY
• Used when finding difficulties
in determining differences
between one Therbligh (work
element) and another.
• Work element time is very fast
• Need to record the motion
Record motions from a
work cycle
Play and view recorded
video repeatedly
Draw a conclusion
Interpret the motions into
SIMO (Simultaneous
Motion Chart)
Work motions suggestion
TUGAS
1. Buat kelompok
2. Cari jurnal yang membahas tentang studi gerak atau
telaah metode
3. Susunlah resume jurnal yang berfokus pada metode
penelitian yang dilakukan, dengan format :
- pendahuluan
- permasalahan
- metode
- hasil
- analisislah metode sudah baik atau belum
4. Lengkapi dengan referensi/literatur
5. Dikumpulkan pertemuan selanjutnya