W O R K D E S I G N A N D E R G O N O M I C S

WORK METHOD AND MOTION STUDY

1. VISUAL MOTION STUDY

• First classification of motion study commonly

used because of the lesser cost than the micromotion

study.

• Measuring by direct observation

THE THERBLIG

ELEMENTS(basic

motion elements)

THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS

17 elemen-elemen gerakan dasar (Therblig) dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi effective dan ineffective.

Effective Therblig : Physical Basic divisions : - Menjangkau (reach), lambang huruf RE - Membawa (move), lambang huruf M - Melepas (release), lambang huruf RL - Memegang (grasp), lambang huruf G - Mengarahkan awal (pre position), lambang PP Objective Basic Divisions : - Memakai (use), lambang huruf U - Merakit (assemble), lambang huruf A - Mengurai rakit (disassemble), lambang DA

THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS

Ineffective Therblig : Mental atau semi mental Basic Devisions - Mencari (search), lambang huruf S - Memilih (select), lambang huruf SE - Mengarahkan (position), lambang huruf P - Memeriksa (inspect), lambang huruf I - Merencana (plan), lambang huruf PL Delay - Kelambatan yang tidak terhindarkan UD (unavoidable delay) - Kelambatan yang dapat dihindarkan AD (avoidable delay) - Istirahat untuk menghilangkan lelah R (rest to overcome fatique) - Memegang untuk memakai (hold) H

CONTOH : Uraian gerak seseorang yang akan menulis, dimulai dari menjangkau untuk mengambil pen sampai mengembalikannya pen kembali ke tempat semula (pen holder)

Langkah dalam penulisan

1. Mengambil pen

2. Memegang pen

3. Membawa pen ke kertas

4. Mengarahkan pen untuk menulis

5. Menulis

6. Mengembalikan pen ke tempatnya

7. Memasukkan pen ke dlm tempatnya

8. Melepaskan pen

9. Menggerakkan kembali tangan ke kertas

Nama Gerakan

Menjangkau

Memegang

Membawa

Mengarahkan

Memakai

Membawa

Mengarahkan sementara

Melepas

Menjangkau (transport empty)

WORK METHOD STUDY

• Method study : systematical investigation and documentation

activity of how the work is done.

• Method study : understanding the optimal techniques and

principals of a work system.

Method study

Work system components : materials machines & tools workers environment

Work system alternatives

The best alternative

effective (shorter time) efficient (less cost) productive

WORK SYSTEM COMPONENTS

WORK METHOD (procedure, steps, ordering)

Temperature, lighting, noise, etc.)

(physical environment)

Display, ease of use (machines and tools)

Produk Jadi (Output)

Raw materials supplies/input

(materials)

Ability, age, physical, experience (human/worker)

• Process and work method improvement

• Human, machine, materials improvement and economy

• Proper effort-fatigue of the humans involved

• Working layout and environment improvement

• Bottlenecks

• Targets/outputs does not meet planning (quantity and quality)

• Errors, discomforts, accidents in work

OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES

Method study

objectives

Method study

necessities

• High frequency and lengthy movement of materials and workers

• Bottlenecks

• An operation is being done repeatedly in a long time span

• Increasing scrap and rework cost

• Product quality not consistent

• Workers complaint

• Work fatigue need a lot of rest

• Benchmark from another company

• Labor-turnover and absenteeism

OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES

Necessities - M.G.

Stevenson

WORK METHOD STUDY

“WHAT TO ACHIEVE ?” - Method evaluation

- Machine evaluation

- Environment evaluation

- Rest/work hour evaluation

- Work load evaluation

- Layout evaluation

“HOW TO MEASURE IT ?”

“WHAT TO MEASURE ?” Observe the object • Define the problems

• Identify spectacles

• Problems

• Spectacles

Proper, valid, and

reliable method

• Measurement

• Arrangement

The Best

Work System

STEPS IN WORK METHOD STUDY

Initial considerations : - Will there be any economic

benefits from the outputs ? YES

- Adequate knowledge and skills

to conduct work method study

? YES

- Will there be any negative

reaction or response from the

workers ? NO

Identification of work

operations (method)

Data collection

Work operations/method

documentation

Work method alternatives

recommendation

New suggested work

method implementation

WHAT TO CONSIDER ?

CONSIDERATION

FORM OF

COMPANY

FORM OF THE

MACHINES FORM OF THE

WORK TIME

SMALL/ TRADITIONAL

BIG/ MODERNIZED

AUTOMIZED MANUAL CONTINOUS BATCH

- standard

- SOP

- Permission

- layout

- environment

- human/worker

involvement

- movement

- work station

- job element

- layout

- measurement

method

- idle time

- sampling method

- job element

MOTION ECONOMY STUDY

• Motion study : A study of motions done by the workers to

finish their job, to achieve effective and efficient standard

motions save time and cost

• Objectives : To eliminate/lessen unneffective motions and

replace it with the more effectives

• Understanding and use of work charts is vital !

- Eliminates unnecessary activity

- Combines activity or movement

- Simplifies the activity

MOTION ECONOMY STUDY

PRINCIPALS (MUNDEL) :

MOTION ECONOMY STUDY

MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS

• Physical condition and limitation of work movement

• Both hands can do works together

• Both hands must not be idle in one time

• Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the

opposite direction

• Only use the needed parts of the body

• Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue

• Eye-movement must be focused on an area

1. HUMAN BODY USE

• Physical condition and limitation of work movement

• Both hands can do works together

• Both hands must not be idle in one time

• Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the

opposite direction

• Only use the needed parts of the body

• Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue

• Eye-movement must be focused on an area

1. HUMAN BODY USE

MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS

• Fixed layout routine movements

• Ease of use and comfortable materials and tools

placement

• Layout must enable the best movement order

• Machines and tools dimensions must fit the body

• Good working environment

2. WORKPLACE

MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS

• Minimize manual activity use machine or tools

• Use multi-functioned tools

• Tools placement must be easy to find and reach

• Workload must be balanced

3. TOOLS DESIGN

2. MICROMOTION STUDY

• Used when finding difficulties

in determining differences

between one Therbligh (work

element) and another.

• Work element time is very fast

• Need to record the motion

Record motions from a

work cycle

Play and view recorded

video repeatedly

Draw a conclusion

Interpret the motions into

SIMO (Simultaneous

Motion Chart)

Work motions suggestion

TUGAS

1. Buat kelompok

2. Cari jurnal yang membahas tentang studi gerak atau

telaah metode

3. Susunlah resume jurnal yang berfokus pada metode

penelitian yang dilakukan, dengan format :

- pendahuluan

- permasalahan

- metode

- hasil

- analisislah metode sudah baik atau belum

4. Lengkapi dengan referensi/literatur

5. Dikumpulkan pertemuan selanjutnya