19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO
World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water
Since TECO 2010 in Helsinki…What was achieved ?
Its meaning for a National Met Service:WIGOS our new perspective
WMO
Bertrand CalpiniPresident of CIMO
Bruxelles, October 2012
B. Calpini CIMO
Promote:– high quality observational data– world-wide compatibility
by:– Defining technical standards, – Testing and calibration– Performing instrument intercomparisons, – Implementing quality control procedures. – Increasing expertise and Capacity-building
for:– Improving quality of products and services
CIMO mission
B. Calpini CIMO
In WMO High Priorities
• in the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) by improving systematic in situ observations and monitoring of climate
• in WIGOS by improving the availability, usefulness, quality and utilization of observational data and products of all WMO observing systems
B. Calpini CIMO
• (a) Standardization and Intercomparisons;
• (b) Remote-sensing and New Technologies;
• (c) Capacity-building.
CIMO working structure
B. Calpini CIMO
Siting of observing stations• QA observations relies also on proper siting
and maintenance of instruments.– CIMO-XV approved a siting classification for
observing stations– Tool for assessing which station to be used for
climate services• The CIMO siting classification together with
ISO TC 146 to become a common WMO-ISO standard.
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Criteria vs Integration
Fully compliant All WMO/CIMO requirements fulfilled, useable for climatology,
meteorology and warning purposes
CompliantMost requirements fulfilled, useable for meteorology and warnings
Not compliantSome important WMO requirements not fulfilled! Be aware of the
limitations and use data with caution e.g. for weather warnings.
Each sensor is quality flagged using the following categories:
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Fully CompliantNot Compliant
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Round table discussion& TECO 2012
B. Calpini CIMO
Rainfall Intensity
• Final report on the WMO CIMO webpage
B. Calpini CIMO
Rain security network in the Alps / 2013 Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
EU (ISO) norm on rainfall intensity obs
SPICE: Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment
• WMO/CIMO priority for the 2010-2014 intersession period
• Multi-sites experiment • Covers 5 continents, over two winter periods (2012-
2014)• MeteoSwiss contribution: set up of a reference site in
Alpine condition, jointly with the Swiss Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF)– Construction of a DFIR– Hosting one reference composite (3 Ott Pluvio2)– Hosting additional instruments under test – Using existing and additional ancillary information (wind,
temperature, webcam, etc.)
• 15 potential sites over 5 continents• 1 single site in Central Europe/Alpine region : Weissfluhjoch
Refercence site at Weissfluhjoch (2500 masl)
DFIRTest field
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Double Fence Intercomparison Reference (DFIR) from Norway (exemple)
B. Calpini CIMO
Temperature and RH
19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO VEIG
LBOM
LLANLCOC
SCAE
SDAV
SSOCSYOUVDAV
VROT
VTHY VYOU
Field Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields and Humidity Measuring
Instruments (17*2 screens)
B. Calpini CIMO
Gardaia Results
• Even some low-cost screen appear with very good performance
• Consequences for climate services:– Maximum daily temperature delay: up to 3hrs – Maximum temperature error: up to 1.5deg
• Final report on the WMO CIMO webpage
B. Calpini CIMO
8th WMO International Radiosonde Comparison.Yangjiang, Guangdong, China
12 July – 3 August 2010
Participants: 11 manufacturers from
China, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, South Africa, Switzerland, USA
Radiosonde
19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO
Tropical/subtropical moist conditions
Tropopause & 16kmTemperature >> -90deg
19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO
Radiation Error on upper-air Temperature
WMO Intercomparison of HQRSYangjiang, China, 12 July - 3 August 2010
Night Day
J. Nash, T. Oakley, H. Vömel, LI Wei, WMO/TD-No. 1580, 2011
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
LDR_nLNR_nLUR_nT_n
Longwave Radiation Profiles during the Night Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Night flight: 23 Sep 2011, UT21:20 Day flight: 23 Sep 2011, UT10:13and
LDR_dLNR_dLUR_dT_dLDR_nLNR_nLUR_nT_n
Longwave Radiation Profiles during Night and Day Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Solar shortwave Radiation
Kiehl and Trenberth
SUR
Thermal longwave Rad.
Kiehl and Trenberth
168
Solar and Thermal Radiation Fluxes
LDRLURSDR
Surface Radiation Measurements
Satellite Radiation Measurements
LDRLURSUR SDR
Poster – P3(7) Philipona, Kräuchi, Brocard, GRL, 2012 doi:10.1029/2012GL052087
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Measuring the Radiation Error in Flight
50 micron thermocouple temperature sensors unshaded and shaded
- Aluminium plate (brilliant / black) attached to SRS-C34
- Temperature sensors on both sides (5cm distance)
- Alternately one sensor is exposed to the sun
Referencesensor
Shaded and unshaded Temperature in Flight
SRSC34
front view
T sensor
Publication in preparation
19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO27. September – 15. October 2010, PMOD/WRC Davos, Switzerland
4. Radiation
19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO
•87 participants•40 countries•99 pyrheliometers
Final report on the WMO CIMO webpage
MeteoSwiss Payerne - June 2012Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
LDR
LURSUR
SDR
Start UT 10:13 Start UT 21:20
Surface Radiation budget
Climate Monitoring: Biosphere
Stöckli et al. (2004) in Allen&Lord (2004) Nature, 432: 551-552
MODIS/TERRA satellite data from July & August 2003 versus 2000-2007
Land Surface Temperature Anomaly Leaf Area Index Anomaly
B. Calpini CIMO
2. Weather Radar
The Radar Quality Control and Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) Intercomparison Project
1st generation 1961 4th generation 2011
50 years of weather radar history in Switzerland
Albis radarLosses (Tx, Rx, Radome, NF):
old: 14.5 dBnew: 4.9 dB
Transmitted power: old: 270 kWnew: 470 kW (235 per channel) loss of 0.6 dB
9 dB more sensitivity thanks to
- receiver-over-elevation design, - digital receiver technology, and - cabin on tower
Higher sensitivity
2 new sites in the Alps Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Challenge vs the renewal of the weather radar network in the Alps
Real-time radar raingauge merging soon operational
Radar onlyusing advanced radar processing adapted for mountainous region
Radar + raingaugeusing co-kriging with external drift
and advanced filtering techniques
8 August 200721:00-22:00
I Sideris, R Erdin, M Gabella, C Frei, U Germann
Image: Ioannis Sideris
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO
Challenges
• to inter-compare different algorithms for radar quality control with a focus on Quantitative Precipitation Estimation QPE applications
• to develop a method to assess the overall quality of precipitation products from radars globally
19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO
• (a) Standardization and Intercomparisons;
• (b) Remote-sensing and New Technologies;
• (c) Capacity-building.
CIMO working structure
19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO
Testbeds and Leadcenters
Raman Lidar• Automatic system• Day- and night-time operation• H2O, aerosols, and temperature profiles• Towards improved operationnal availability
One-year of humidity profiles
Technical problems (15%)Low cloudsRainData availability (55%)
2011
1. Laser source2. Cooling system3. Air conditioning
Technical problems:
Data availability Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Key to success:•Training of staff + well defined procedures•Spare part management•Preventive maintenance of all units (cooling sys., air cond., laser, PC, …)
Climatological maximum
Data availability Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
-1.8 %/month
+0.13 %/month
+0.51 %/month
+0.12 %/month
Drifts:
Performance stability Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
B. Calpini CIMO
(1) Testbeds are centers with experimental facilities to assess the capabilities of various remote-sensing technologies and to provide guidance on instrumentation from a variety of observing systems
(2) Lead centers are centers of excellence for instrument development and testing focused on a specific parameter
Testbeds and Leadcenters
2000
2001
2003Phenology & Pollen
2002Surface data (rain gauge measurements, AWS data, observations)
2004Aviation messages
2005Lightning data
2006International surface data (SYNOP)
2007National sounding measurements
2008Homogenized Data
2009National & International Upper Air Data
2010Gridded Datasets
Start of the MeteoSwiss Data Warehouse Project
Model Data2011
Metadata
WIGOS perspectiveFederal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
WIGOS perspective
• measurement data• metadata • control data• quality tests
Allows an efficient and economic maintenance company-wide data integration platform for
the long term independant from technical realisation
specified in a uniform way, centrally administrated and configurable
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
B. Calpini CIMO
• (a) Standardization and Intercomparisons;
• (b) Remote-sensing and New Technologies;
• (c) Capacity-building.
CIMO working structure
B. Calpini CIMO
Capacity Building
•Intercomparisons•Training workshops
TECO 2012 &
Meteorological Technology World Expo 2012
B. Calpini CIMO
Capacity Building
B. Calpini CIMO
CIMO Guide 2010>2012• Major update of the CIMO Guide completed
and online.
• Further CIMO Guide chapter updates :– Upper air chapters – Lightning detection chapter– Ozone and atmospheric chemistry
chapters (courtesy CAS)– Satellite chapter (expanded to comprise a
new Part of the Guide)
B. Calpini CIMO
IOM rep. 2012>>
• In preparation:
– COST-727– Radar Database– Wind Profilers (Japanese perspective)– RA II traceability survey– AWS Transition
B. Calpini CIMO
>> to CIMO-XVI St Petersburg 2014
Working on: * Common ISO/WMO standards* Involvement in EMRP ENV-03 (UV) and ENV-07 (Meteomet)* Major intercomaprison RQQI and most of SPICE* Another update of CIMO Guide (incl upper air, satellites, ozone, atmos chem)* Prepare for next intercomparisons (humidity? present weather? ceilometer? radiosonde? )* Work on the Cloud Atlas* Outcomes of CIMO Testbeds and Lead Centres* Reshape CIMO activities vs WIGOS framework implementation.
19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO
Many thanks to:
Alexander Haefele,Rolf Philipona
Yves-Alain Roulet Laurent Vuilleumier Dominique Ruffieux
Urs GermannReto Stoekli
Estelle GrueterJoel Fiesler
What was achieved ? WIGOS as
a National Met Service perspective
Many thanks to:
Our CIMO experts
And
Isabelle RuediRoger Atkinson
the WMO Obs Dpt