World War I Outcome: Events Prior to U.S. Entry
1. U.S. Position: _________________
a. President ___________ encouraged neutrality in “_____________ & ____________”
b. Neutrality Problems
i. U.S. traded w/________ sides, but ties w/__________________ were strongest
1. Common ______________, _______________, & _________________
2. By 1917, U.S. loans to the Allies reached $_______ billion
ii. Great Britain spread anti-German __________________ to the U.S.
iii. G. Britain blockaded Europe, stopping our trade w/_______________ (famine)
iv. Germany began ______________ warfare (violated “__________ of ______”)
1. Attacked ships in ___________ ports
2. Declared a “________ __________” around the British Isles
v. Sinking of the ________________ (May 7, 1915)
1. U.S.-________________ relations worsen
2. Germany questioned U.S. ______________ & the ship’s __________
3. Ship was loaded with _______________ purchased from the _______
4. Wilson demanded in a letter of _________ that Germany end sub
_____________, & apologize and pay ______________ to the families
vi. March 1916: The French ship ____________ was sunk w/Americans on board.
Germany agreed to the “Sussex Pledge,” a promise to _________ ships before
sinking them.
2. Election of 1916
a. (D) Wilson: “__________” and (R) Charles E. Hughes: “___________”
i. Both hand campaigned for _________ & ____________
ii. ________ may have hurt (R) chances for victory with pro-war speeches
b. Cliff-hanger: ____________ won by 20 electoral votes (CA decided the outcome)
c. Message: Did the citizens of the US _________ to go to ________ despite Wilson??
3. Events to US Entry
a. By 1916, the War in Europe became ______________ on both ____________
i. Western Front = _______ miles of ___________ extending from the English
Channel to the ___________ Sea (Defended by ________ and ____________)
ii. Eastern Front = line defended by _______________
iii. Little progress & high _______________ led to frustration on both sides
b. Germany resumed ____________ _____________ warfare to break the ___________
i. Stopped issuing _____________; 3 U.S. ships were ________ in one day
ii. The Kaiser felt confident the ______ would not enter the war
iii. U.S. responded by ending ____________ relations w/Germany
c. ________________ Note (“_________ Straw”) published on March 1, 1917)
i. Letter from Germany to __________ asking for an alliance against the U.S.
ii. Intercepted and decoded by __________ ______________
iii. ____-war fever intensified in the U.S.; ____ demanded we enter in the name of
_______-____________. Soon after, ___ more unarmed U.S. ships were sunk.
d. March 1917, ______________ surrendered to Germany
e. Wilson asked ______________ for a Declaration of ________ on April 2, 1917
i. Enemy: German _______________, not the German __________
ii. Wilson: “America must go to war to make the world safe for _____________”
iii. Congress declared war on _____________________
4. The War in Europe
a. The Allies were _______________ in 1917
i. In March, 1917 a Russian peoples’ _________ overthrew Czar _____________
and a _______________ government was set up
ii. In November 1917, this weak gov’t was overthrown by the _______________
led by ______________, eventually resulting in a _____________ government
iii. In December, 1917 Russia agreed to an ____________ on the ___________
Front and withdrew, leaving Germany to fight a 1 front war (All German forces
could now be sent to the ___________ Front in concentration)
b. June, 1917: 1st U.S. troops arrive in Europe
i. A.E.F. = ______________ ___________ ______________ were led by
General __________ _________________
ii. By 1918, 2 million U.S. “_________________” were in France
iii. Wilson began plans for __________ _____________ based on his ____ Points
World War I
Outcome: Causes of World War I
1. What Causes Most Wars a. Extreme ___________________ (“Super Patriotism” or love for one’s country) b. __________________: Spreading the political or economic control of one country
over another c. ___________________: using force or the threat of force against another nation d. Entangled system of __________________ (secret) e. _________________ ________________
2. Rival Alliances Created a “False Sense of Security”
a. Triple ________________ i. Great Britain: King ______________
ii. France: Premier _________________ iii. Russia: Czar _________________
b. Triple ________________ i. Germany: Kaiser ______________
ii. Austria-Hungary: _______________
3. What Caused World War I a. Unrest in the Balkans
i. Bosnians felt ____________ under the rule of ____________-___________ ii. Goal: To create a “Greater _____________” (unite ____________ people)
iii. This movement was strongly supported by “Mother ________________”
b. June 28, 1914: Archduke __________________________ (Austria’s heir to the throne) was assassinated by a Bosnian ____________________________ while on a good will trip to Sarajevo, Bosnia. This __________ would ignite the ________.
c. Alliance Unfolded: i. Austria declared war on ________________
ii. ____________ supported Serbia (mother country w/ethnic ties) iii. ____________ sided w/Austria & declared war on _________________ iv. ____________ was obligated to help Russia & ___________ to help France v. By August 5, 1914, Europe was engulfed in ___________!
d. Germany’s “____________________ Plan” to avoid a 2 front war failed
i. Front: ______________________________ ii. Western Front would mostly be in _______________
iii. Area between armies was known as “__________________________” iv. Fighting two fronts puts a ________ ________ on resources and man power
4. The Fighting Sides a. Triple Alliance becomes “The ______________ Powers” (The Bad Guys)
i. ____________, ______________-_____________, Turkey, Bulgaria ii. _________ gave up its defensive agreement w/Germany & joined other side
b. Triple Entente becomes “The __________ Powers” or “Allies” (The Good Guys)
i. _______________, ______________, _______________, Italy, ii. ________ would join in April of 1917
c. Eventually over 50 nations were involved in “The ___________ War”
World War I Outcome: The Fighting Ends
1. The German War Machine
a. Germany faced troubles in 1918 i. A home front revolution forced the Kaiser into ________________
ii. Shortage of soldiers (“________ Youth” was gone); mutiny in ___________ iii. U.S. entry proved to be too much for them (fresh _________ & _________)
b. November, 1918 Germany asked for an _________________
i. Nov, 11, 1918 ---> _____________ stopped (________________ Day) ii. The _____________ Powers had won the Great War
iii. An allied __________ of German ports continued until the ______ was signed
2. Peace Conference ---> ___________________, France (Jan. 1919) a. Major Participants (The Big ___________)
i. Prime Minister _________________________ of Great Britain: sought ______ ii. Premier Georges Clemenceau of ___________: sought _____________
iii. ______________________ of Italy: sought _______ promised to them earlier) iv. Pres. ____________ of the ______.: sought “Peace w/o _____________”)
b. What resulted was a _____________ peace ---> ______________ was not allowed
inside, but hoped the peace would be based on _________________ plan
c. Result = The Treaty of ______________ (June 28, 1919) (Product of ____________) i. New _______________ nations were formed in Europe
ii. _____________ were destroyed & ____________ groups were united iii. A ____________ of ____________ was formed to maintain peace and prevent
future __________ ______________ (Wilson’s ________ Point)
iv. _____________ was blamed & _______________ for WWI (war-guilt clause) 1. Asked to pay huge _________________ ($_____ billion) 2. Forced to give up large amounts of _________ 3. Massive _______________ left them w/only a ______________ army
v. The Treaty was __________________ at home, despite ____________ efforts
1. Many feared the “League” was just another _______________ 2. The _______ never joined; rejected by the U.S. ___________ in 1920 3. Most Americans desired ________________________ 4. The U.S. made a separate peace treaty with ______________ in 1921
Result: This treaty planted the seeds of _______________ bitterness after WWI that allowed for __________________ to rise to power and begin ______________________.