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Hazardous AttitudesDr Claude Preitner - Senior Medical Officer CAA


Definition at·ti·tude (t-td, -tyd) n.

1. A position of the body or manner of carrying oneself: stood in a graceful attitude. See Synonyms at posture.

2. The orientation of an aircraft's axes

relative to a reference line or plane, such as the horizon.

3. A state of mind or a feeling or disposition:

Having a positive attitude about work of being

arrogant or hostile.

4. The orientation of a spacecraft relative to its direction of motion. 5. A position similar to an arabesque in which a ballet dancer stands on one leg

with the other raised either in front or in back and bent at the knee.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/posture


Not

so

good

Hazardous

Great


“Give me the child before age 7 and I will give you the man”

Francis Xavier, born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta (7 April 1506 – 3 December 1552) was a pioneering Roman Catholic missionary born in the Kingdom of Navarre and co-founder of the Society of Jesus = Jesuits.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Castillo_javier.jpg


Carl Gustav Jung 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961

Swiss psychiatrist , an influential thinker and the founder of Analytical Psychology (psycho-analysis)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jung_1910-rotated.jpg


Definition

Attitude is one of Jung’s 57 definitions in Chapter XI of Psychology types. Jung's definition of attitude is a

"readiness of the psyche to

act or react in a certain way"

(Jung, [1921] 1971:par. 687). Attitudes very often come in pairs, one conscious and the other unconscious. Within this broad definition Jung defines several attitudes.


Openness

(inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious). Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience.

Personality – 5 characteristics (Jung)


Conscientiousness – (efficient/organizedvs. easy-going/careless). A tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement and planned rather than spontaneous behaviour.

Personality – 5 characteristics (Jung)


Extraversion – (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved). Energy, positive emotions, urgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others.

Personality– 5 characteristics (Jung)


Agreeableness – (friendly/compassionatevs. cold/unkind). A tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others.

Personality– 5 characteristics (Jung)-


Neuroticism – (sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident).

A tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability

Personality - – 5 characteristics (Jung)


Personality – Nature vs Nurture ~ 50% – 50%

Openness to Experience 57% Extraversion 54% Conscientiousness 49% Neuroticism 48% Agreeableness 42%


• Type A and Type B personality

• Sanguine quick, impulsive, and relatively short-lived reactions. (hot/wet)phlegmatic a longer response-delay, but short-lived esponse. (cold/wet)choleric short response time-delay, but response sustained for a relatively long time. (hot/dry)melancholic (Also called "Melancholy") long response time-delay, response sustained at length, if not, seemingly, permanently. (cold/dry)

Other models


Other common model


FAA - Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI)Oklahoma City

Pilot medical certificationAerospace medical educationAerospace medical and human

factors researchAviation industry drug and alcohol testingOccupational Health


Attitude in aviation - Aeronautical Decision Making

FAA Research on ADM showing (1987) :

training in ADM 10 – 50 % less ADM

related accident.

FAA publication on Aeronautical Decision

Making (ADM): AC #60-22

(December 1991) Approach to risk management How Attitude affects ADM Attitude self-profiling How attitude can be changed


Definitions (AC #60-22)

ADM: Systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in a given set of circumstances

Personality is the embodiment of personal traits and characteristic of an individual that are set at a very early age and extremely resistant to change


Attitude

Attitude is a personal motivational predisposition to respond to persons, situation, or events in a given manner.

Attitude management is the ability to recognisee hazardous attitudes in oneself and the willingness to modify them as necessary

FAA recognises 5 hazardous attitudes in aviation


Antiauthority

Don’t tell me what

to do

Antidote Follow the rules


Invulnerability

It want happen to me

Antidote

It could happen to me


Macho

I can do it

Antidote: Taking chances is

foolish


Impulsivity

Do something quickly

Antidote Not so fast

I want this now


Resignation

What’s the use ?

Antidote I am not helpless,

I can make a difference

Well so be it !


What is this guy’s attitude ?


Example of Good Attitude All who are practically concerned

with aerial navigation agree that the

safety of the operator is more important

to successful experimentation than any

other point. The history of past investigation demonstrates

that greater prudence is needed rather than

greater skill.(Wilbur Wright – 1901 – two 2 years before first flight)


Attitude Change

Attitudes are relatively constant

but not necessarily permanentRole of experienceAttitude change through cognition

(learning)Attitude change through emotions


Conclusion

Good ADM depends on: Safe attitude:

Is knowing one’s attitude Ability to modify one’s attitude Ability to cope with stress

Learning the pitfalls Avoiding the pitfalls


Steps for good ADM Identifying personal hazardous attitudes Learning behavioural modification

techniques Learning how to recognise and cope

with stress Develop risk assessment skills Using all resources Evaluating the effectiveness of one’s

ADM skills


Knowing Operational Pitfalls

Flying when unwell Neglect of preparation Peer pressure Mind set Get-there-itis Duck under syndrome

(IFR approach) Scud running VFR in IMC

Getting behind

aircraft Loss of situational

awareness Low fuel reserve Descent below minima –

en route Flying outside the aircraft

envelope


Resource

FAA – AC # 60-22

Will help you with passing on the message to sudents


Safe attitude is also about acknowledging what we don’t know

What I know

What I know I know

What I Don’t want to know

What I don’t know I know

What I don’t know I don’t know

What I know I don’t

know

What I think I know


Example of Good Attitude All who are practically concerned

with aerial navigation agree that the

safety of the operator is more important

to successful experimentation than any

other point. The history of past investigation demonstrates

that greater prudence is needed rather than

greater skill.(Wilbur Wright – 1901 – two 2 years before first flight)


Herman Geiger


Rosa BlancheGlacier – 196410’000 ftDr Preitner Senior

Questions ?

http://desirs.ailes.free.fr/Pictures/Flying/Grandes/Sion/Rosablanche.JPG

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