dr. nathan sammons, associate professor of biology two complementary strategies for increasing...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Empowering Faculty
Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology
Competitive Gaming and Desirable Difficulties:
Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention
![Page 2: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Desirable difficultiesRobert Bjork (1994)1. Introducing certain difficulties into the learning process can greatly improve long-term retention of the learned material
The point is to increase the challenge, not frustrate the student
• Spacing out the material 2,3
• Testing not restudying 4
• Make students generate material5
• Vary the surroundings 6
• Less clearly organized7 • Fonts which are hard to read8
![Page 3: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Desirable difficulties
We often seek to eliminate difficulties in learning To our own
detriment!
Retrieval strength Storage strength
short-term Long-term
“Access to content which is easy isn’t as enriching as harder-earned content”--McNamara et al., 1996
![Page 4: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Biological Molecules:
Beta testing my Desirable Difficulties activity
Students in BIOL 1201 struggle with identifying molecular structure of biological molecules
15 mins: Learn to classify exemplar molecules into one of four categories
![Page 5: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Biological Molecules:
Prequiz
![Page 6: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
OP
OP
OH
OH
C
C
C
C
C
iClicker quiz – Question 1
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
![Page 7: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
iClicker quiz – Question 2
C
O
C
HN
H
H
H
NN
HH
CC
O
C
HH
CH2
O
CO
SH
CH3
CH2
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
![Page 8: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
iClicker quiz – Question 3
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
![Page 9: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
iClicker quiz – Question 4
![Page 10: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
iClicker quiz – Question 5
![Page 11: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biological Molecules:
Sort into 4 categories
![Page 12: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biological Molecules:
Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids
![Page 13: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Biological Molecules Challenge:
First team to bring me perfectly classified molecules wins!
+
![Page 14: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Biological Molecules:
Postquiz
![Page 15: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
OP
OP
OH
OH
C
C
C
C
C
iClicker quiz – Question 1
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
![Page 16: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
iClicker quiz – Question 2
C
O
C
HN
H
H
H
NN
HH
CC
O
C
HH
CH2
O
CO
SH
CH3
CH2
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
![Page 17: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
iClicker quiz – Question 3
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
![Page 18: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
iClicker quiz – Question 4
![Page 19: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
To which class of biological molecules does this belong?
A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic AcidsD. Proteins
iClicker quiz – Question 5
![Page 20: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Competitive gaming is….
Fun
ExcitingEngaging
Interesting
Addicting Motivating?
![Page 21: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Competitive gaming is successful because it is:
TopHat
• Active learning• Desirably difficult• Cues in on competitive side of
personalities (intrinsic motivation)
![Page 22: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Competitive gaming is successful because it is:
TopHat
![Page 23: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1. First person has 2 minutes to describe their challenge
2. Others have 2 minutes to ask questions
3. Others have 2 minutes to talk about challenge while the first listens
Discussion protocol
![Page 24: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1. Bjork, R.A., & Bjork, E.L. (1992). A new theory of disuse and an old theory of stimulus fluctuation. In A. Healy, S. Kosslyn, & R. Shiffrin (Eds.), From Learning Processes to Cognitive Processes: Essays in Honor of William K. Estes (Vol. 2, pp. 35-67). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Baddeley, A.D., & Longman, D.J.A. (1978). The influence of length and frequency of training session on the rate of learning to type. Ergonomics, 21, 627-635.Bjork, R.A. (1994). Memory and metamemory considerations in the training of human beings. In J.
3. Dempster, F.N. (1990). The spacing effect: A case study in the failure to apply the results of psychological research. American Psychologist, 43, 627-634.
4. Roediger, H.L., III, & Karpicke, J.D. (2006). The power of testing memory: Basic research andimplications for educational practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 181-120.
5. McDaniel, M.A., Hines, R.J., Waddill, P.J., & Einstein, G.O. (1994). What makes folk tales unique: Content familiarity, causal structure, scripts, or superstructures? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 169-184.
6. Smith, S.M., & Glenberg, A., & Bjork, R.A. (1978). Environmental context and human memory. Memory & Cognition, 6, 342-353.
7. McNamara, D.S., Kintsch, E., Songer, N.B., & Kintsch, W. (1996). Are good texts alwaysbetter? Interactions of text coherence, background knowledge, and levels of understanding in learning from text. Cognition and Instruction, 14, 1-43.
8. Diemand-Yauman, C., Oppenheimer, D.M., & Vaughan, E.B. (in press). Fortune favors the bold (and the italicized): Effects of disfluency on educational outcomes. Cognition.Ebbinghaus, H. (1964). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. (H.A. Ruger & C.E.
Citations:
![Page 25: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
C
O
C
HN
H
H
H
NN
HH
CC
O
O
CC
HH
H
NN
HH
CC
O
O
CC
HH
O
C
C
C
CH H
H
H
H
H
H
CH
CH3OH
CH2
OH
CH2
OO
![Page 26: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
C
O
C
HN
H
H
H
NN
HH
CC
O
C
HH
CH2
O
CO
SH
CH3
CH2
![Page 27: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HN N
H HC
C
O
O
CC
HH
H
NN
HH
CC
O
O
CC
HH
O
C
C
C HH
H
H
H
H
H
CH
CH3OH
CH2
OH
H
![Page 28: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
OP
OP
OH
OH
C
C
C
C
C
![Page 32: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
H
H
H
OP
OH
C
C
C
O
H
H
![Page 33: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Dr. Nathan Sammons, Associate Professor of Biology Two Complementary Strategies for Increasing Content Retention](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052913/56649f0a5503460f94c1e119/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)