draft environmetal impact assessment report

DRAFT ENVIRONMETAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT REPORT

LONGLAKE EXTENSION 34 TOWNSHIP

PART OF THE REMAINING EXTENT OF THE FARM LONGMEADOW 296 IR

REFERENCE: GAUT 002/19-20/E0245

JUNE 2021

https://www.google.co.za/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjw-OfZuoreAhUM_qQKHXoQDkAQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.lcproperties.co.za/results/new-development/residential/paarl/paarl-central/2/&psig=AOvVaw1BwTDcsO1It3BAFRFidV3I&ust=1539761910285247

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report: Longlake Extension 34: Gaut 002/19-20/E0245

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 7

2.0 PROJECT DETAILS AND MOTIVATION ............................................................................... 15

3.0 LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY CONTEXT ................................................................................. 24

4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ............................................................. 29


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5.0 INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES ............................................................................................ 51

6.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS .................................................................................... 67


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7.0 FINDINGS OF SPECIALIST STUDIES .................................................................................... 70

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................................................... 76

9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT ......................................................................... 102

10.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 107

11.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 110

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: SG 21 Digit Code ........................................................................................................................ 7


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Table 2: Details of the applicant ............................................................................................................. 9 Table 3: Details of the EAP ...................................................................................................................... 9 Table 4:Requirements in terms Appendix 3 of GN 982 ........................................................................ 11 Table 5: Development controls ............................................................................................................. 15 Table 6: List of activities triggered ........................................................................................................ 18 Table 7: Ambient SO2 and NO2 concentrations (all units: μg/m3) ...................................................... 36 Table 8:Expected water usage .............................................................................................................. 59 Table 9: SCC previously recorded within the 2628AA QDS................................................................... 70 Table 10: Nature, extent, duration, probability and significance of impact ......................................... 76 Table 11: Criteria for rating of impacts ................................................................................................. 77 Table 12: Assessment of impacts on biophysical environment during construction ........................... 78 Table 13: Assessment of socio-economic impacts during construction ............................................... 85 Table 14: Assessment of Impacts during the operation phase ............................................................. 94 Table 15: Assessment of the No-Go option ........................................................................................ 100 Table 16: Summary of key findings in specialists’ reports .................................................................. 102 Table 17: Key positive and negative impacts ...................................................................................... 105

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Locality Map ............................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 2: Proposed layout ..................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 3: Alternative Layout .................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 4: Highlands Land Use Framework ............................................................................................ 28 Figure 5: Minimum Maximum and Average Temperature ................................................................... 29 Figure 6: TWI -Contours and Drainage Channels .................................................................................. 30 Figure 7: Catchments and drainage channels close to the site ............................................................ 31 Figure 8: Geotechnical zoning ............................................................................................................... 33 Figure 9: PM10 and PM2.5 daily concentrations at the Office site sampling location ......................... 34 Figure 10: Monthly dustfall rates per sampling location ...................................................................... 35 Figure 11: Highlands area in relation to vegetation type (Mucina and Rutherford, 2006) .................. 37 Figure 12: Precinct area in relation to the vegetation type (Mucina and Rutherford, 2006) ............... 38 Figure 13: Wetlands within the Greater Highlands Precinct ................................................................ 41 Figure 14: Provisions of the COJ SDF 2010 ........................................................................................... 42 Figure 15: Modderfontein MasterPlan ................................................................................................. 43 Figure 16: Contamination within and adjacent to the site ................................................................... 45 Figure 17: Test Pits ................................................................................................................................ 46 Figure 18: Aluminium Sulphate Ponds .................................................................................................. 49 Figure 19: Road Network ...................................................................................................................... 51 Figure 20: Proposed Roads Upgrades ................................................................................................... 53 Figure 21: Catchment Areas .................................................................................................................. 54 Figure 22:Highlands Baseline Model ..................................................................................................... 55 Figure 23: Highlands Post Development Live Model ............................................................................ 56 Figure 24: Stormwater Management Concept ..................................................................................... 56 Figure 25: Typical stormwater management infrastructure provided for............................................ 57 Figure 26: Outlet detail. ........................................................................................................................ 59 Figure 27: Preferred Stormwater Layout .............................................................................................. 60 Figure 28: Alternative Stormwater Layout ........................................................................................... 61 Figure 29: Proposed External and Internal Water Network ................................................................. 63 Figure 30: Proposed Sewer Crossing ..................................................................................................... 64 Figure 30: External and Internal Sewer Network ................................................................................. 65 Figure 31: Electricity Reticulation -Longlake Ext. 34 ............................................................................. 66


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Figure 32: Overall habitat sensitivity .................................................................................................... 71 Figure 34: Aluminium sulphate dams and valley bottom wetlands ..................................................... 72

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Locality and Layout Maps .........................................................................112

Appendix 2: Public Participation Information ................................................................115

Appendix 3: Specislist Studies and Reports ...................................................................116

Appendix 4: Town Planning Memorandum ...................................................................129

Appendix 5: Correspondence with Authorities ..............................................................130

Appendix 6: Draft Environmental Management Programme ..........................................133


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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report follows the acceptance of the scoping report and serves to present information to the competent authority, government agencies, institutions and interested and affected parties on the significant environmental effects of the proposal, identify possible ways to mitigate or avoid the significant effects, and describe a range of reasonable alternatives to the project that could feasibly attain the objectives.

This section provides the information on the proposed activity, details of the applicant, the Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP) and the objectives of the EIR phase as provided for in the EIA Regulations, 2014.

BACKGROUND TO THE APPLICATION

The applicant, Taroko Development (Pty) Ltd, proposes to establish a mixed-use township that includes, among others, low- medium density residential uses, educational facilities, special (hotel & conference centre), private open space and associated infrastructure. The proposed development forms part of an area constituting the Greater Highlands Precinct on part of the Remaining Extent of Longmeadow 296 IR and is to be known as Longlake Extension 34.

To manage the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) application process, the applicant appointed Nali Sustainability Solutions (NSS) an independent Environmental Assessment Practitioner as required by the EIA Regulations, 2014 (as amended).

THE APPLICATION SITE

Property description

The development is located on a part of the remaining extent of the farm Longmeadow 296 IR within the Modderfontein area. The site measures approximately 127 hectares and the development is to be known as Longlake Extension 34.

Table 1: SG 21 Digit Code

T 0 J R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 6 0 0 0 0 0

Site location

At a regional scale, the site is situated within the metropolitan boundary of the City of Johannesburg, towards its north eastern extremities. It is in a position of strategic connectivity between the 3 major metropolitan areas of the region. In addition, it lies in proximity to major regional assets such as O.R. Tambo International Airport which is located approximately 10km south east of the site and the Sandton CBD, a major commercial hub located approximately 9km south west of the site. It is served by both regional road connections with ease of access to the M1, N3 and N1 which connect it with neighbouring towns and major nodes such as Centurion, Alexandra, Johannesburg central and Boksburg/Benoni nodes. It also benefits or is poised to benefit from current and future expansions in public transport provision, both through the City of Johannesburg Integrated Transport Network plans, as well as through the Provincially led Gautrain Rail Service. At a local scale, the site is bordered by the Modderfontein Reserve to the south and west, the proposed future extension of Maxwell Drive to the north and the proposed future extension of Marlboro Drive to the south. The locality of the site is shown in Fig 1, while Table 1 provides the SG 21 Digit Code of the property.


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Figure 1: Locality Map

Land uses and zoning of the site and surrounding properties

The surrounding area is characterised by diverse developments and land use patterns. These include residential and light industrial or commercial uses within the Longlake area. The Linbro Park Agricultural Holdings to the South host middle to higher income rural residential community, Buccleuch host middle to higher income residential communities, Marlboro Gardens and Kelvin host middle to lower income communities, Klipfontein View and Chloorkop to the north-east host lower-income communities and Far Bank East and Alexandra to the southwest host lower-income communities Linbro Park area is rapidly evolving with many of the small holding plots being redeveloped into light industrial uses, or multi-unit housing developments. To the east of the site, there are large swathes of vacant greenfield areas, which potentially present future development opportunities. This is also an evolving context due to other planned precincts within the Modderfontein Master Plan boundary such as the proposed Town Centre Precinct which will have a significant impact on the future of the Modderfontein area. The site will be connected to surrounding neighbourhoods through significant local connectors like Marlboro Drive and the extension of Maxwell Drive.


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DETAILS OF THE APPLICANT

Table 2: Details of the applicant

Aspect Details

Applicant Taroko Development (Pty) Ltd (Taroko)

Representative Leticia Potts

Designation HOD: Modderfontein Project

Physical address 11 Bylsbridge Boulevard, Building 14, Block C, 2nd Floor, Highveld, Centurion

Postal address PO Box 39727, Faerie Glen, 0043

Telephone 012 676 8510

Email address [email protected]

DETAILS OF THE EAP

To ensure full compliance with the EIA Regulations (2014) promulgated under section 24 (5) of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 NEMA (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA), Taroko appointed Nali Sustainability Solutions (Pty) Ltd as the independent Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP) to manage the application process to obtain the Environmental Authorisation for the proposed project.

Table 3: Details of the EAP

Aspect Details

Name Nali Sustainability Solutions (Pty) Ltd

Lead EAP Mr Pirate Ncube

Physical Address 65 Country Club Drive, Irene Farm Villages, Centurion

Postal Address P Bag X1, Stand 1829, Irene Farm Villages, Centurion, 0045

Contact details Tel: 0824517120; Fax: 086 694 1178, Email: [email protected]

Expertise/ experience

More than 28 years’ experience in spatial planning, environmental planning & management (encompassing Strategic Environmental Assessments, Environmental Impact Assessments and reviews, development of Environmental Management Plans, conducting Environmental Compliance Monitoring and Reporting). Served in various decision-making bodies including the DFA Tribunal, Environmental Advisory Committee, MEC Appeals Advisory Panel. Qualified Town Planner with master’s in real estate and MBA.

OVERVIEW OF THE EIA PROCESS

The environmental assessment process was undertaken in two phases- the Scoping and EIR phases.

• Environmental Scoping Process which includes the notification of the process and commissioning of specialists’ studies. This particular report details the outcome of this process; and

• The Environmental Impact Assessment phase resulting in the EIR as well as an Environmental Management Programme (EMPr). The EMPr will be compiled based on the findings of the Environmental Impact Assessment and will provide mitigation and management measures for the planning and construction phase of the proposed project.

mailto:[email protected]


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Objectives of the Scoping Process

The scoping process will, through a consultative process: a) Identify the relevant policies and

legislation relevant to the activity; b) Motivate the need and desirability of the

proposed activity; c) Identify and confirm the preferred

activity and technology alternative through an impact and risk assessment and ranking process;

d) Identify and confirm the preferred site through a site selection process, which includes an impact and risk assessment process inclusive of cumulative impacts and a ranking process of all the identified alternatives focusing on the geographical, physical, biological, social, economic, and cultural aspects of the environment;

e) Identify the key issues to be addressed in the assessment phase;

f) Agree on the level of assessment to be undertaken, including the methodology to be applied, the expertise required as well as the extent of further consultation to be undertaken to determine the impacts and risks the activity will impose on the site, including the nature, significance, consequences, extent, duration, and probability of the impacts; and

g) Identify suitable measures to avoid, manage or mitigate impacts and to determine the extent of the residual risks that need to be managed and monitored.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Phase

The EIR phase follows the acceptance of the Scoping Report and plan of Study for the EIA. The report

details the outcome of the tasks set out in the Plan of Study for EIA. It constitutes a written document

which forms the basis of the decision on the EIA application by providing useful, reliable and sufficient

information and outlining the environmental consequences of approving the project. It also provides

alternatives to the proposed project and details measures for reducing the impact of the project by

imposing mitigation measures. The EIR is also an important tool for communicating with stakeholders.

It assists I&APs in understanding what the impacts of the proposed development are likely to be and

also helps the applicant to manage these impacts. The EIR is therefore prepared within the broad

framework of “sustainable development” and gives a clear indication of how the proposed

development may contribute to or hamper sustainable development.

Objectives of the EIA phase

As per the Regulations, the objective of the environmental impact assessment process is to, through

a consultative process-

• determine the policy and legislative context within which the activity is located and document

how the proposed activity complies with and responds to the policy and legislative context;

PRELIMINARY PHASE

• Submit Application Forms to GDARD -

• Acknowledgement by GDARD

• Prepare Background Information Document (BID)

• Undertake Specialist studies

• Announcement of the application/project

SCOPING PHASE

• Registration of I&AP

• Prepare Scoping Report

• Advertise and make available for comments

• Compile Final Scoping Report and circulate to authorities

and Registered I&AP

• Submit to GDARD for decision on Scoping Report.

GDARD DECISION ON SCOPING REPORT

IMPACT ASSESSMENT PHASE • Further Specialist Studies

• Compile Draft EIAR

• Compile Draft Environmental Management Programme

• Release Draft EIAR for public and authorities comment

• Prepare Issues and Responses Report

• Prepare Final EIR and make available for RI&AP

• Submit Final EIAR to GDARD for decision.

DECISION ON APPLICATION

APPEAL PROCESS


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• describe the need and desirability of the proposed activity, including the need and desirability of

the activity in the context of the preferred location;

• identify the location of the development footprint within the preferred site based on an impact

and risk assessment process inclusive of cumulative impacts and a ranking process of all the

identified development footprint alternatives focusing on the geographical, physical, biological,

social, economic, heritage and cultural aspects of the environment;

• determine the--

o nature, significance, consequence, extent, duration and probability of the impacts

occurring to inform identified preferred alternatives; and

o degree to which these impacts can be reversed, may cause irreplaceable loss of resources,

and can be avoided, managed or mitigated;

• identify the most ideal location for the activity within the preferred site based on the lowest level

of environmental sensitivity identified during the assessment;

• identify, assess, and rank the impacts the activity will impose on the preferred location through

the life of the activity;

• identify suitable measures to avoid, manage or mitigate identified impacts; and identify residual

risks that need to be managed and monitored.

Contents on the EIR

As per the requirements of Appendix 3 of GN R.982 of the National Environmental Management Act

(No 107 of 1988), the contents of this report as well as sections of the report where the required

information could be found are presented in the table below.

Table 4:Requirements in terms Appendix 3 of GN 982

Aspects Section of the Report

(a) Details of: (iii) The EAP who prepared the report (iv) The expertise of the EAP, including a curriculum vitae

Section 1.4

(b) the location of the development footprint of the activity on the approved site as contemplated in the accepted scoping report, including: (i) The 21-digit Surveyor General code of each cadastral land parcel (ii) Where available, the physical address and farm name (iii) Where the required information in items (i) and (ii) is not available,

the coordinates of the boundary of the property or properties

Section 1.2

(c) A plan which located the proposed activity or activities applied for at an appropriate scale, or, if it is – (i) A linear development, a description and coordinated of the

corridor in which the proposed activity or activities is to be undertaken

(ii) On land where the property has been defined, the coordinates within which the activity is to be undertaken

Section 2.2

(d) A description of the scope of the proposed activity, including – (i) All listed and specified activities triggered and being applied for;

and (ii) A description of the associated structures and infrastructure

related to the development;

Section 2.3


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(e) a description of the policy and legislative context within which the development is located and an explanation of how the proposed development complies with and responds to the legislation and policy context;

Section 3.0

(f) a motivation for the need and desirability for the proposed development, including the need and desirability of the activity in the context of the preferred development footprint within the approved site as contemplated in the accepted scoping report;

Section 2.4

(g) a motivation for the preferred development footprint within the approved site as contemplated in the accepted scoping report;

Section 2.4

(h) a full description of the process followed to reach the proposed development footprint within the approved site as contemplated in the accepted scoping report, including: (i) details of the development footprint alternatives considered; (ii) details of the public participation process undertaken in terms of

Regulation 41 of the Regulations, including copies of the supporting documents and inputs;

(iii) a summary of the issues raised by interested and affected parties, and an indication of the manner in which the issues were incorporated, or the reasons for not including them;

(iv) the environmental attributes associated with the development footprint alternatives focusing on the geographical, physical, biological, social, economic, heritage and cultural aspects;

(v) the impacts and risks identified including the nature, significance, consequence, extent, duration and probability of the impacts, including the degree to which these impacts— (aa) can be reserved

(bb) may cause irreplaceable loss of resources (cc) can be avoided, managed or mitigated

(vi) the methodology used in determining and ranking the nature, significance, consequences, extent, duration and probability of potential environmental impacts and risks

(vii) positive and negative impacts that the proposed activity and alternatives will have on the environment and on the community that may be affected, focusing on the geographical, physical, biological, social, economic, heritage and cultural aspects;

(viii) the possible mitigation measures that could be applied and level of residual risk;

(ix) if no alternative development footprints for the activity were investigated, the motivation for not considering such; and

(x) a concluding statement indicating the location of the preferred alternative development footprint within the approved site as contemplated in the accepted scoping report;

Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 8 Section 9


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(i) a full description of the process undertaken to identify, assess and rank the impacts the activity and associated structures and infrastructure will impose on the preferred development footprint on the approved site as contemplated in the accepted scoping report through the life of the activity, including— (i) a description of all environmental issues and risks that were

identified during the environmental impact assessment process; and

(ii) an assessment of the significance of each issue and risk and an indication of the extent to which the issue and risk could be avoided or addressed by the adoption of mitigation measures;

Section 8

(j) an assessment of each identified potentially significant impact and risk, including— (i) cumulative impacts; (ii) the nature, significance and consequence of the impact and risk; (iii) the extent and duration of the impact and risk; (iv) the probability of the impact and risk occurring;

(v) the degree to which the impact and risk can be reversed;

(vi) the degree to which the impact and risk may cause irreplaceable loss of resources; and

(vii) the degree to which the impact and risk can be mitigated;

Section 8

(k) where applicable, a summary of the findings and recommendations of any specialist report complying with Appendix 6 to these Regulations and an indication as to how these findings and recommendations have been included in the final assessment report;

Section 9

(l) an environmental impact statement which contains— (i) a summary of the key findings of the environmental impact

assessment; (ii) a map at an appropriate scale which superimposes the proposed

activity and its associated structures and infrastructure on the environmental sensitivities of the preferred development footprint on the approved site as contemplated in the accepted scoping report indicating any areas that should be avoided, including buffers; and

(iii) a summary of the positive and negative impacts and risks of the proposed activity and identified alternatives;

Section 9

Section 9

(m) based on the assessment, and where applicable, recommendations from specialist reports, the recording of proposed impact management outcomes for the development for inclusion in the EMPr as well as for inclusion as conditions of authorisation;

Section 9

(n) the final proposed alternatives which respond to the impact management measures, avoidance, and mitigation measures identified through the assessment;

Section 9

(o) any aspects which were conditional to the findings of the assessment either by the EAP or specialist which are to be included as conditions of authorisation;

Section 9

(p) a description of any assumptions, uncertainties and gaps in knowledge which relate to the assessment and mitigation measures proposed;

Section 10

(q) a reasoned opinion as to whether the proposed activity should or should not be authorised, and if the opinion is that it should be

Section 10


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authorised, any conditions that should be made in respect of that authorisation;

(r) where the proposed activity does not include operational aspects, the period for which the environmental authorisation is required and the date on which the activity will be concluded and the post construction monitoring requirements finalised;

Section 10

(s) an undertaking under oath or affirmation by the EAP in relation to— (i) the correctness of the information provided in the reports; (ii) the inclusion of comments and inputs from stakeholders and

I&Aps; (iii) the inclusion of inputs and recommendations from the specialist

reports where relevant; and (iv) any information provided by the EAP to interested and affected

parties and any responses by the EAP to comments or inputs made by interested or affected parties;

To be included in final EIR

(t) where applicable, details of any financial provision for the rehabilitation, closure, and ongoing post decommissioning management of negative environmental impacts;

N/A

(u) an indication of any deviation from the approved scoping report, including the plan of study, including— (i) any deviation from the methodology used in determining the

significance of potential environmental impacts and risks; and (ii) a motivation for the deviation;

N/A N/A N/A

(v) any specific information that may be required by the competent authority; and

N/A

(w) any other matters required in terms of Section 24(4)(a) and (b) of the Act.

N/A


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2.0 PROJECT DETAILS AND MOTIVATION

This section provides details of the proposed activity and associated infrastructure as well as motivation for the proposed development.

DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY

The purpose of this application is to obtain environmental authorisation for the proposed establishment of a Mixed-Use township, consisting of the uses listed in the below:

Table 5: Development controls

The proposed layout has been guided by the development constraints and opportunities presented by the site. Included among these were the shape of the land, nature of adjacent proposed and existing land uses, the need for efficiency in land allocation in relation to infrastructure services, specialist and engineering recommendations, the wetland areas, areas of ecological sensitivity and geological constraints, as well as future roads. However, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and associated specialists’ studies will inform the final layout.

PROPOSED LAYOUT PLAN

The finalisation of the layout plan has gone through various iterations to arrive at the options that have been evaluated. While several layout alternatives were considered, below are the options that were considered most feasible.


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Figure 2: Proposed layout


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Figure 3: Alternative Layout


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LISTED ACTIVITIES TRIGGERED

In terms of the NEMA EIA Regulations of 2014, the table below presents the list of activities triggered by the proposed development.

Table 6: List of activities triggered Government Notice:

Activity No (s)

Describe each listed activity as per the wording in the listing notices:

GN. R 983, 8 December 2014

Activity 12 The development of – (i) …; or (ii) infrastructure or structures with a physical footprint of 100 square

metres or more; where such development occurs— (a) within a watercourse; (b) in front of a development setback (c) if no development setback exists, within 32 metres of a

watercourse, measured from the edge of the watercourse; -- excluding— …


Activity 19 The infilling of any material of more than 10 cubic metres into, or the dredging, excavation, removal or moving of soil, sand, shells, shell grit, pebbles or rock of more than 10 cubic metres from –

(i) A watercourse; But excluding where such infilling, depositing, dredging, excavation, removal or moving-

a) Will occur behind a development setback; b) Is for maintenance purposes undertaken in accordance with a

maintenance management plan; or c) Fall within the ambit of activity 21 in this Notice, in which case

that activity applies. d) … e) …


Activity 27 The clearance of an area of 1 hectares or more, but less than 20 hectares of indigenous vegetation, except where such clearance of indigenous vegetation is required for— (i) the undertaking of a linear activity; or (ii) maintenance purposes undertaken in accordance with a

maintenance plan


Activity 47 The expansion of facilities or infrastructure for the transmission and distribution of electricity where the expanded capacity will exceed 275 kilovolts and the development footprint will increase.


Activity 15 The clearance of an area of 20 hectares or more of indigenous vegetation except where such clearance is required for--

(i). The undertaking of a linear activity; or (ii). maintenance purposes undertaken in accordance with a

maintenance plan.


Activity 4 The development of a road wider than 4 metres with reserve less than 13,5 metres.

c. Gauteng i. …;

ii. …;


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iii. … iv. Sites identified as Critical Biodiversity Areas (CBAs) or Ecological

Support Areas (ESAs) in the Gauteng Conservation Plan or in bioregional plans;

v. Sites identified within threatened ecosystems listed in terms of the National Environmental Management Act: Biodiversity Act (Act No. 10 of 2004);

vi. Sensitive areas identified in an environmental management framework adopted by the relevant environmental authority;

vii. ….; viii. Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA);

ix. … x. …;

xi. …or xii. ….


Activity 6 The development of resorts, lodges, hotels, tourism or hospitality facilities that sleeps 15 people or more. c. Gauteng

i. …; ii. …;

iii. …; iv. Sites identified as Critical Biodiversity Areas (CBAs) or Ecological

Support Areas (ESAs) in the Gauteng Conservation Plan or in bioregional plans;

v. Sites identified within threatened ecosystems listed in terms of the National Environmental Management Act: Biodiversity Act (Act No. 10 of 2004);


vii. …; viii. …;

… GN. R 985, 8 December 2014

Activity 12 The clearance of an area of 300 square metres or more of indigenous vegetation except where such clearance is required for maintenance purposes undertaken in accordance with a maintenance plan. c. Gauteng

i. Within any critically endangered or endangered ecosystems listed in terms of section 52 of the NEMBA…

ii. Within Critical Biodiversity Areas or Ecological Support Areas identified in Gauteng Conservation Plan or bioregional plans;

iii. …


Activity 14 The development of – (i) …; or (ii) infrastructure or structures with a physical footprint of 10 square

metres or more… where such development occurs – (a) within a water course; (b) …


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(c) If no development setback has been established, within 32metres of a water course, measured from the edge of a water course;

Excluding the development of infrastructure or structures within existing ports or harbours that will not increase the development footprint of the port or harbour. c. Gauteng … iv. Sites identified as Critical Biodiversity Areas and Ecological Support

(CBA) and Ecological Support Areas (ESA) in the Gauteng Conservation Plan or bioregional plans;

v. Within any critically endangered or endangered ecosystems listed in terms of section 52 of the NEMBA…;


…

MOTIVATION FOR THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY

The Greater Highlands Precinct, of which the property forms part of is situated within the metropolitan boundary of the City of Johannesburg. It is thus in a location of strategic connectivity between the 3 major metropolitan areas of the region. In addition, the site lies in proximity to major regional assets such as O.R. Tambo International Airport which is located approximately 10 km south east of the site and the Sandton CBD, a major commercial hub located approximately 9 km south west of the site.

The Greater Highlands Precinct area is served by both regional road connections with ease of access to the M1, N3 and N1 which connect it with neighboring cities and major nodes such as Centurion, Alexandra, Johannesburg central and Boksburg/Benoni nodes. It also benefits or is poised to benefit from current and future expansions in public transport provision, both through the City of Johannesburg Integrated Transport Network plans, as well as through the Provincially led Gautrain rail service.

The surroundings of the Greater Highlands Precinct area on a local level is characterised by diverse development and land use patterns. Surrounding uses are primarily light industrial and / or commercial uses in the existing Longlake and Linbro Business Park areas with the inclusion of a medium to high density residential development in Longlake. Surrounding developments adjacent to the Greater Highlands area are also economically diverse with residential neighborhoods such as Linbro Park Agricultural Holdings hosting a middle to higher income rural residential community, Buccleuch hosting middle to higher income established residential communities, Marlboro Gardens and Kelvin hosting middle to lower income communities, Klipfontein View and Chloorkop to the north east hosting lower income communities and Far Bank East and Alexandra to the south west hosting lower income communities. The process of establishing the township shall ultimately facilitate the development of mostly a lower density development scheme not provided within the direct vicinity and ensure a wide variety of housing topologies within the larger area.

Large tracts of land are currently still undeveloped in the Greater Highland precinct that is situated between the Modderfontein Reserve and Allandale Road and offers a rare greenfields and brownfields opportunity to implement the systematic intensification of an area inside of the urban development boundary to enable the spatial transformation of the region. It is held that the subject property is located within an area that is very closely associated with the spatial manifestation of the larger Modderfontein development and offers the potential to support intensified growth efforts.


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The fact that the property is located opposite to exiting urban development and is seen as a natural expansion of urban growth, places the onus on urban planners to consider the appropriate utilisation of the property within the existing spatial context. Considering the prominence of the property adjacent to the Modderfontein Reserve calls for the consideration of a more exclusive development at lower densities on the border to have a positive impact on future more affordable higher densities within the Greater Highlands Precinct.

The appropriateness and spatial rational underpinning the incorporation of residential full title houses and lower density residential units on the property should be seen within the context of the current and future development trends taking place and that will take place within the surrounding spatial context. The decision to incorporate residential full title dwelling houses and lower density residential units within the larger overall Modderfontein Framework area is primarily justified and required to enable the development of sustainable, integrated mixed-use environment in association with the larger Modderfontein development to be known as Taroko City in future

Taroko City will furthermore include neighborhood and value retail centers, schools and tertiary institutions, light industrial areas, hotel, entertainment and conference facilities, hospital and health care facilities, sports fields and facilities, including the exceptional Modderfontein golf course. The Modderfontein Reserve will be retained as a unique communal asset to connect all residents and visitors to this unique garden city and its lifestyle incorporating wholeness, health and care. All future owners or lease holders of erven or units within this township will become members of the Greater Modderfontein Property Umbrella Association Non-Profit Company which will be liable to manage and maintain the necessary infrastructure, facilities, public open green spaces and sport and health facilities to secure and maintain this unique lifestyle for all its residents, workers and visitors within the larger Taroko City.

Desirability of the project

The application is for a residential neighbourhood providing for approximately 1024 residential units (catering for both “Residential 1” and “Residential 2” units), a school and hotel with a connected open space network. The proposed activity is on vacant property located directly adjacent to the existing Modderfontein Reserve within an area historically used for the AECI Modderfontein Factory Industrial operations. The development is likely to contribute to the transformation of the inefficient urban structure by providing for a mixed use development within vacant urban land. This will support compatibility of uses, contribute to limiting urban sprawl while bringing in economic investment, creating employment opportunities and providing different housing opportunities and typologies in the area.

DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES

The IEM procedure stipulates that the environmental investigation needs to consider feasible alternatives for any proposed development. Therefore, a number of possible proposals or alternatives for accomplishing the same objectives should be identified and investigated. The various alternatives are assessed in terms of both environmental acceptability as well as economic feasibility. The preferred option is to be highlighted and presented to the authorities. The following alternatives are examples of the different kinds of alternatives that may be considered and investigated for a particular development:

• Input alternatives; • Activity alternatives; • Location alternatives; • Status quo / no-go alternatives; • Demand alternatives / Supply alternatives; • Scheduling alternatives; and • Process alternatives.


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Input alternatives

Various types of material can be used for the construction of the Longlake Extension 34 Township and its associated structures. These include different brick types (face brick, cement brick, etc.), roof types (pitched or flat), finishes (paint colour, external lighting, landscape features, etc.) and road surfacing (asphalt, brick paving). The proposed development should enhance the status of the area, be aesthetically pleasing and present a high order node in the area. Energy effective construction and orientation methods need to be considered. The following recommendations regarding building structures and designs are recommended:

• Use of building material that requires excessive amounts of energy to manufacture should be minimised;

• Use of building material originating from sensitive or scarce environmental resources should be minimised, e.g. no tropical hardwood may be used;

• Building material should be legally obtained by the supplier, e.g. wood must have been legally harvested, and sand should be obtained only from legal borrow pits and from commercial sources;

• Building material that can be recycled / reused should be used rather than building material that cannot;

• Use highly durable building material for parts of the building that is unlikely to be changed during the life of the building (unlikely to change due to e.g. renovation, fashion, changes in family life cycle) is highly recommended;

• Make use of recycled concrete (green concrete); and

• Make use of clay blocks for construction of buildings.

Activity alternatives

These are sometimes referred to as project alternatives, although the term activity can be used in a broad sense to embrace policies, plans and programmes as well as projects. Consideration of such alternatives requires a change in the nature of the proposed activity. For the Greater Highlands Precinct, the location of the site lends itself well for the development of residential uses as a component of the precinct. Further, it is anticipated that the type of development proposed will meet the demand in the area.

Site layout alternatives

Site layout alternatives permit consideration of different spatial configurations of an activity on a particular site. This may include particular components of a proposed development or the entire activity. For example, siting of a particular structure either prominently to attract attention or screened from view to minimize aesthetic impacts. The site is surrounded by mostly vacant land and no bulk roads or infrastructure is in place for the site. The site is adjacent to the Modderfontein Reserve and to the wetlands situated in the Reserve. The presence of a number of Aluminium Sulphate Ponds has been identified on the site. As a result, the layout had to ensure that impacts on the wetlands are limited while taking into account the impact of the ponds on the use of the site. In addition, linkages in terms of the open space system ad to be enhanced while ensuring efficiency in vehicular circulation within the township. The layout had to take into consideration the provision of future service. Taking into account the elements mentioned above, infrastructure provisions and the need to ensure alignment and to reduce possible negative impacts of the proposed uses on the environment, two different township layouts as well as the design of the stormawater were developed.


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Location alternatives

No alternative sites have been considered as this site is owned by the proponent and forms part of the precinct to be developed by the applicant. However, the positioning of the various elements within the site have been considered. These include location of the school relative to access road, positioning of the stormwater infrastructure relative to soil conditions, aluminium ponds and ground water movement.

Demand alternatives

The residential sector in Gauteng, South Africa, has performed very well over the last few years. This increased performance results from the abnormally long and severe slump in “construction fixed investments” during the 1980’s and 1990’s. A typical “construction fixed investment” cycle should be in the region of 15-20 years. In the 80’s/90’s period of stagnation in South Africa, this cycle was almost two decades. Subsequently, the country’s economic growth has been on a broad, accelerating path, since the early 1990’s. Hence, the demand for economic and residential infrastructure has been established.

Status quo / No-go alternatives

The no-go option was also considered. This entails leaving the site in its present state. Leaving it in its present was not considered viable as the site is not environmentally sensitive and was purchased for the purpose. Vacant land within the Gauteng urban core in general is a valuable commodity and resource and even more so when such land falls within or is adjacent to a development corridor. It is imperative that such a resource is not left vulnerable to the effects of urban decay and its negative economic and social implications. If development of the site is not approved the site will remain as is. Given that preliminary assessment does not point to any environmental fatal flaws but that the site is strategically located, and its development is likely to contribute substantially to economic development, employment creation and that the wetland areas will not be adversely affected, it is therefore considered proper that development of the site might be a better option from economic, social and environmental perspectives.


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3.0 LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY CONTEXT

This section serves to highlight key legislation and policy framework that has implications on the proposed activity. It must be noted that this list is not exhaustive but notes, at high level, the critical laws and policies that have been considered.

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1996 (ACT NO. 108 OF 1996)

All environmental aspects should be interpreted within the context of the Constitution. The Constitution has enhanced the status of the environment by virtue of the fact that environmental rights have been established (Section 24) and because other rights created in the Bill of Rights may impact on environmental management. Implications for the proposed development:

• Obligation to ensure that proposed activity will not result in pollution and/or ecological degradation;

• Obligation to ensure that where possible conservation is promoted; and

• Obligation to ensure that the proposed activity is ecologically sustainable, while demonstrating economic and social benefits.

THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT, 1998 (ACT NO.107 OF 1998)

The National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA) is South Africa’s overarching legislative framework for environmental management. Act establishes the principles for decision-making on matters affecting the environment, institutions that will promote co-operative governance, and procedures for co-ordinating environmental functions exercised by organs of state. It sets out a number of principles that aim to give effect to the environmental policy of South Africa. These principles are designed to, amongst others, serve as a general framework for environmental planning, as guidelines by reference to which organs of state must exercise their functions and guide other laws concerned with the protection or management of the environment. Chapter 5 of NEMA serves to promote integrated environmental management which must place people and their needs at the forefront of its concerns, and serve their physical, psychological, developmental, cultural and social interests equitably. Development must be socially, environmentally and economically sustainable. Sustainable development therefore requires the consideration of all relevant factors. In terms of the NEMA and the EIA Regulations, 2014, an application for environmental authorisation for certain listed activities must be submitted to either the provincial environmental authority, or the national authority, depending on the types of activities being applied for. The current EIA regulations, GN R.982, GN R.983, GN R.984 and GN R.985, promulgated in terms of Sections 24(5), 24M and 44 of the NEMA commenced on 08 December 2014. GN R.983 lists those activities for which a Basic Assessment is required, GN R.984 lists the activities requiring a full EIA (Scoping and Impact Assessment phases) and GN R.985 lists certain activities and competent authorities in specific identified geographical areas. GN R.982 defines the EIA processes that must be undertaken to apply for Environmental Authorisation. The listed activities that are applicable to this project are identified in Section 2 above. Implications for the proposed development

• The proposed development must be consistent with the principles espoused in NEMA principles.

• Where this is not possible, deviation from these principles would have to be very strongly motivated;

• The activity may not take place without the required authorisation; and

• The application had to be informed by these principles and include public participation, the outcomes of these are to be incorporated into the final reports to be submitted for decision making.


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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: WASTE ACT, 2008 (ACT NO 59 OF 2008)

One of the main objectives of the NEMWA is to provide for the regulation of waste management in order to protect health and the environment by providing reasonable measures for the prevention of pollution and ecological degradation and for securing ecologically sustainable development. The Act provides:

• National norms and standards for regulating the management of waste by all spheres of government;

• Specific waste management measures including: o The licensing and control of waste management activities; o The remediation of contaminated land; o to provide for the national waste information system; and o Compliance and enforcement mechanisms.

In terms of the NEMWA, certain waste management activities must be licensed and in terms of Section 44 of the Act, the licensing procedure must be integrated with an environmental impact assessment process in accordance with the EIA Regulations promulgated in terms of the NEMA. Government Notice 921, which was published in Government Gazette No.37083, on 29 November 2013 and implemented with immediate effect, lists the waste management activities that require licensing. A distinction is made between Category A waste management activities, which require a Basic Assessment, and Category B activities, which require a full EIA (Scoping followed by Impact Assessment) Implications for the development:

• Any activities listed in GN 718 of the Waste Act require an EIA.

• Waste generated by the activity must be managed in accordance with the provisions of the Act.

THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: BIODIVERSITY ACT (ACT 10 OF 2004)

The Act provides for the management and conservation of South Africa’s biodiversity within the framework of the NEMA. This Act allows for the protection of species and ecosystems that warrant national protection, the sustainable use of indigenous biological resources, the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from bio-prospecting involving indigenous biological resources and the establishment and functions of the South African National Biodiversity Institute. Key elements of the Act are:

• The identification, protection and management of species of high conservation value;

• The identification, protection and management of ecosystems and areas of high biodiversity value;

• Biodiversity Initiatives such as the STEP (Subtropical Thicket Ecosystem Plan) and CAPE (Cape Action Plan for People and Environment) may become accepted as bioregional plans and are thus implemented as legislation;

• Alien invasive species control of which the management responsibility is directed to the landowner; and

• Section 53 of the Act identifies that any process or activity that is regarded as a threatening process in terms of a threatened ecosystem, requires environmental authorization via a full Environmental Impact Assessment (Government Notice No. 387).

Implications for the current development: Any ecologically sensitive areas and endangered species encountered on the site must be protected as provided for in the Act.

SPATIAL PLANNING AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT ACT (SPLUMA)

The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act “SPLUMA”, 2013 (Act 16 of 2013) intends to provide a uniform framework for spatial planning and land use management in the republic. It seeks to promote consistency and uniformity in procedures and decision-making in spatial planning. The objective of the Act are as follows: • Provide for a uniform, effective and comprehensive system of spatial planning and land use

management for the Republic;


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• Ensure that the system of spatial planning and land use management promotes social and economic inclusion;

• Provide for development principles and norms and standards;

• Provide for sustainable and efficient use of land;

• Provide for cooperative government and intergovernmental relations amongst the national, provincial and local spheres of government; and

• Redress the imbalances of the past and to ensure that there is equity in the application of spatial development planning and land use management systems.

Implications for the proposed development:

• The principles espoused in SPLUMA apply to all organs of state and other authorities responsible for the implementation of legislation regulating the use and development of land. Therefore, decisions on the proposed development must be consistent with these principles.

• Where this is not possible, deviation from these principles would have to be very strongly motivated.

THE NATIONAL WATER ACT, 1998 (ACT NO.36 OF 1998)

The National Water Act (The Act) provides for the management of South Africa’s water resources. The purpose of the Act is to ensure that the Republic’s water resources are protected, used, developed, conserved and controlled. It is concerned with the allocation of equitable access and the conservation of water resources within South Africa. The National Water Act of 1998 repealed many of the powers and functions of the Water Act of 1956. Key provisions include the following:

• Catchment Areas - Any disturbance to a watercourse such as the construction of a dam or weir type facility requires authorization from the Department of Water and Sanitation.

• Water Supply - Under the Act, a developer is required to obtain the necessary permits for water usage and the disposal of wastewater from the authority responsible for the administration of the Act.

• Any private well or borehole sunk for the abstraction of groundwater has to be reported and registered with the regulatory authority.

• Wastewater - The National Water Act is the principal piece of South African legislation governing wastewater management.


• Any proposed water uses must be specified and registered and/or licensed;

• Any modifications to drainage lines on site must be investigated in terms of water use requirements;

• The developers are responsible for taking reasonable measures to prevent pollution of water resources that it owns, controls, occupy or uses on the land in question;

• The developers are required to remedy a situation where pollution of a water resource occurs following an emergency incident and where it is responsible for the incident or owns or is in control of the substance involved;

• The applicant must take all reasonable measures to minimise the impacts of the incident, undertake clean-up procedures, remedy the effects of the incident and implement measures as directed; and

• Waste created during construction needs to be controlled adequately to negate the impacts on ground and surface water.

THE NATIONAL HERITAGE RESOURCES ACT, 1999 (ACT 25 OF 1999)

The Act aims to promote the good management of the national estate of South Africa. The national estate can include:

• Places, buildings, structures and equipment of cultural significance;

• Places to which oral traditions are attached or that are associated with living heritage;

• Historical settlements and townscapes;

• Geological sites of scientific or cultural importance;


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• Archaeological and paleontological sites;

• Graves and burial grounds, including: o Ancestral graves o Royal graves and graves of traditional leaders o Graves of victims of conflict o Graves of individuals designated by the Minister by notice in the Gazette o Historical graves and cemeteries

• Other human remains covered by the Human Tissue Act, 1983 (Act No 65 of 1983).

• Sites of significance relating to the history of slavery in South Africa.

In terms of Section 38 of the Act, the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) must be notified during the early planning phases of a project for any development that includes the following activities:

• the construction of a road, wall, powerline, pipeline, canal or other similar form of linear development or barrier exceeding 300m in length any development or other activity which will change the character of a site exceeding 5 000 m² in extent o involving three or more existing erven or subdivisions thereof o involving three or more erven or divisions thereof which have been consolidated within the past

five years o the costs of which will exceed a sum set in terms of regulations by SAHRA or a provincial heritage

resources authority

• the re-zoning of a site exceeding 10 000 m² in extent, or

• any other category of development provided for in regulations by SAHRA or a provincial heritage resources authority.


• Any artefacts uncovered during the construction phase must be reported to SAHRA; • No person may alter or demolish any structure or part of a structure, which is older than 60 years or

disturb any archaeological or palaeontological site or grave older than 60 years without a permit issued by the relevant provincial heritage resources authority and

• SAHRA must be informed of the proposed development and provided an opportunity to comment.

THE GAUTENG PROVINCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK, 2015

The objective of the GPEMF is to guide sustainable land use management within the Gauteng Province. The GPEMF, inter alia, serve the following purposes:

• To provide a strategic and overall framework for environmental management in Gauteng; • Align sustainable development initiatives with the environmental resources, developmental pressures,

as well as the growth imperatives of Gauteng; • Determine geographical areas where certain activities can be excluded from an EIA process; and • Identify appropriate, inappropriate and conditionally compatible activities in various Environmental

Management Zones in a manner that promotes proactive decision-making.

Implications for the proposed development: According to the EMF, the site is located within the Urban Development Zone (Zone 1) while the proposed sewer and the road crossing the wetland area fall within Zone 2. The intention of Zone 1, is to promote infill development, densification and concentration of urban development for a more effective and efficient city region that will minimise urban sprawl. The proposed mixed-use development providing residential uses among others is in close proximity to commercial/industrial areas and is aligned with government policy in general and the provisions of the spatial tools including the EMF in particular.


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CITY OF JOHANNESBURG SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2040

The SDF 2040 sets the guiding vision and then builds a concrete strategy for its realisation. The site falls within the Randburg-OR Tambo Corridor earmarked for the…” development of strategic land parcels using current development dynamics to drive growth and reduce expansion pressure on the periphery”. The proposed development is aligned with the principles and objectives of the of the SDF. Implications for the proposed development:

• The proposed development is situated along a future planned mobility spine linking the site to both major metropolitan cores and the ORT International Airport. Therefore, the development will utilize these linkages and exposure while being aligned with the provisions of the SDF.

• The development must support the transformative agenda as pronounced in the Roadmap.

HIGHLANDS PRECINCT PLAN - LAND USE FRAMEWORK

The Highlands Land Use Plan provides a clear development direction for the area, through integrated design guidelines and land use parameters that support the vision for the precinct as articulated in the council approved Highlands Precinct plan. The plan was approved and adopted as the City of Johannesburg policy to direct and guide development in the area.

Figure 4: Highlands Land Use Framework

Implications for the proposed development The plan earmarks the site is for residential development, Educational and Hospitality/Conferencing. It will be required that the development takes into account, among others:

• Remnants of historic activities including contaminated areas

• Principles of stomwater management as espoused in the plan

• Potential impact of the development on the adjacent Modderfontein Reserve and water courses situated in the Modderfontein Reserve.


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4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT

This section describes the biophysical and socio-economic environment that may influence or be affected by the development while establishing the baseline conditions of the site. This includes information obtained from literature sources and site assessments deemed appropriate for the study area. A summary of the affected environment is provided, and more detailed studies focused on significant environmental aspects of the development will be provided during the impact assessment phase. The three components to the environment are recognised as:

• Physical Environment;

• Biological Environment;

• Socio-Economic Environment.

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Climate

The climate is characterised by typical Highveld conditions, with relatively warm to hot summers, fairly high rainfall and moderate to cool winters (with little or no rain). Cycles of prolonged drought, lasting for several years, are a natural phenomenon. The area experiences thunderstorms, which usually occur in the late afternoons during the summer months. The area lies at an altitude of approximately 1 500 meters above sea level. The average annual rainfall is 638mm. The average maximum summer temperature is 26.9°C and the average maximum winter temperature is 16°C.

Figure 5: Minimum Maximum and Average Temperature


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Topography

The site generally falls moderately form the North East to the South West with an estimated slope of 7%. According to the Geotechnical Engineer, it will be advisable that building platforms, access roads and parking areas slightly be elevated in relation to the immediate surroundings in order to assist channelling of surface water run-off and to contribute towards the internal stability of structures and road pavements.

Figure 6: TWI -Contours and Drainage Channels


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Hydrology

Modderfontein is situated in the A21C quaternary catchment in the Crocodile West – Marico Water Management Area. The main river flowing through the property is the Modderfontein Spruit (resource Class D or E) which has its origins near Croydon in Kempton Park and flows in a northerly direction to the Jukskei River. This river is located some 2,6 km from the proposed Highlands development. According to the Catchment Management Plan, two sub-catchments are delineated in the vicinity of the proposed development area as shown below. The drainage lines flowing in the sub-catchments include:

• Noordehoek stream: A drainage channel (intermittent flow) to the west of the site which drains to the Modderfontein Spruit

• W25 stream (Kynoch 1): A drainage channel (intermittent flow) originating south of the historical Kycnoch factory area and draining to the W20 stream (a minor tributary of the Modderfontein Spruit).

• Kynoch 3 stream (Dam 7): A drainage channel (intermittent flow), located to the south and west of the southern-most wetland area which also drains to the W20 stream.

Figure 7: Catchments and drainage channels close to the site

Geology

The objectives of the investigation were:

• Establish the engineering properties of the soils and rock underlying the site, encountered during the hand dug test hole investigation.

• Identify any potential problematic soils which may contribute to differential settlement and/or heave.

• Determine the allowable bearing capacity and settlement characteristics of the in-situ soils and/or rock.

• Determine excavatability within the in-situ materials.

• Assess and provide recommendations with regards to slope stability.

SITE


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• Test and provide recommendations on potential soil aggressiveness and the treatment thereof.

• Provide the site class designation in accordance with the NHBRC.

• Put forward recommendations with regards to the founding of the proposed structures.

• Provide an indication of the in-situ material for use in road fill and pavement layers

• Determine the infiltration and permeability characteristics of the in-situ soils in order to inform the final stormwater design.

According to the 1:250 000 East Rand 2628 geological map, the site is underlain by Granodiorite of the Halfway House Granite Suite. Reworked residual granodiorite and/or residual granodiorite were encountered in all the test holes, whilst granodiorite bedrock was encountered in most of the test holes dug. From a macro point of view, the site is generally underlain by potentially collapsible hillwash transported, followed by pebblemarker transported, pedogenic (partly developed ferricrete and fully developed hardpan ferricrete) horizons in places, reworked residual granodiorite, residual granodiorite and very soft rock and harder, granodiorite bedrock and interspersed with numerous granodiorite rock outcrops. From a macro point of view, the site is generally underlain by potentially collapsible hillwash transported, followed by pebblemarker transported, pedogenic (partly developed ferricrete and fully developed hardpan ferricrete) horizons in places, reworked residual granodiorite, residual granodiorite and very soft rock and harder, granodiorite bedrock and interspersed with numerous granodiorite rock outcrops as stated above. The following soil/rock horizons were encountered during our fieldwork and is expected to underlie the proposed township development:

• A superficial organic layer comprising of dead leaves, roots, etc, absent of soils and generally ranging between 0,1m and 0,2m in thickness, where encountered. The superficial organic layer was only encountered in test holes TH36, TH41, TH43, TH44, TH45, TH53 & TH54 and generally where dense vegetation occurs.

• Dry to slightly moist yet moist to very moist in places, generally dark olive-brown becoming light orange-brown with depth, predominantly very loose and apparently medium dense to dense in areas but potentially compressible and pinhole voided, fine to medium grained silty and clayey SAND, generally with numerous grass, plant and tree roots in places, hillwash transported. The layer occurs across the site and from GGL ranging between 0,2m and 1,1m below GGL with its thickness varying between 0,2m and 1,0m across the site.

• Dry to slightly moist up to moist to very moist, dark olive-brown, speckled, mottled and blotched yellow-orange and bright white, ranging between very loose and dense in places but medium dense in the most cases, massive, fine to coarse grained GRAVEL (and COBBLES in some areas) in a fine to medium grained silty and clayey sand matrix with or without numerous scattered grass roots in profile, pebblemarker transported. The horizon was randomly encountered across the site and between 0,5m and 1,1m below GGL with its thickness varying between 0,15m and 0,7m, where encountered.

• Slightly moist and moist to very moist, dark olive-brown and yellow-orange, speckled and mottled yellow-orange and black, ranging between loose to medium dense and medium dense to dense, highly ferruginous, fine to coarse grained silty SAND with abundant scattered, slightly to highly weathered, medium hard rock, ferricrete nodules in profile, partly developed ferricrete, pedogenic. This layer was only sporadically encountered across the site and only within 7% of the test holes dug, namely TH04, TH11, TH12 and TH48 and between 0,6m and 1,3m below GGL. The expected layer thickness range between 0,3m and 0,7m where encountered.

• Moist to very moist, dark olive-brown and yellow-orange, speckled and mottled yellow orange and black, highly ferruginous and cemented, ranging between MEDIUM HARD ROCK and MEDIUM HARD


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ROCK TO HARD ROCK hardness, fully developed hardpan ferricrete, pedogenic was sporadically encountered and only in 8% of the test holes (TH12, TH23, TH47, TH51 & TH53), between 0,2m and 0,9m below GGL and resulted in digging refusal of the TLB in 3No of these occurrences. In the remaining cases, the layer thickness was measured to range between 0,2m and 0,3m only. Hence the recommended quality assurance test pitting to confirm the minimum required layer thickness with a competent excavator (25t or heavier), noted under clause 5.3.2, 5.5 and 5.9.1 of this report.

• Dry to slightly moist and moist to very moist, predominantly dark yellow-orange, mottled, streaked and blotched dark olive-brown and grey, ranging between loose and very dense bordering very soft rock hardness across the site, massive, fine to coarse grained silty, slightly clayey SAND with frequent scattered highly weathered, soft rock to medium hard rock gravel in profile in the majority of cases, reworked residual granodiorite was encountered in 77% of the test holes dug. The horizon was encountered between 0,35m and 2,3m below GGL with the layer thickness generally ranging between 0,2m and 1,5m.

• Slightly moist to moist and very moist, dark yellow-orange, micro-speckled black, generally ranging

between medium dense to dense and very dense bordering very soft rock hardness (medium dense – TH02 only) across the site, slightly ferruginous, fine to coarse grained silty SAND, residual granodiorite was encountered in 48% of the test holes dug. The horizon was encountered between 0,6m and in excess of 2,4m below GGL with the layer thickness generally ranging between 0,2m and 1,3m. However, a very dense bordering very soft rock hardness consistency was noted in a number of the test holes where the residual granodiorite was encountered which resulted in digging refusal of the TLB. Thus, deeper occurrence is therefore possible to occur on site.

• Predominantly dark yellow-orange, micro-speckled black, coarse grained, massive, highly weathered, very closely spaced and black stained jointed in the majority of cases and widely spaced closed spaced where outcrops occur, VERY SOFT ROCK TO EXTREMELY HARD ROCK, granodiorite occurs from GGL in the case of outcrops to between 0,2m and 2,3m below GGL.

The site, from a geotechnical site class designation point of view, can be divided into four zones, namely Zone A, B, C and D. Zone A class as “R”, whilst both Zones B and C class as “S2/R” and Zone D class as “P(Marshy/S2/R”, all in accordance with the NHBRC classification system.

Figure 8: Geotechnical zoning


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In conclusion the geotechnical report recommended that a competent person check and accept foundation excavation preparations and/or micro-pile designs, prior to reinforcing and concrete placement.

Air quality

Airshed Planning Professionals (Pty) Ltd (Airshed) were appointed to undertake an air quality study at the Highlands Precinct Area. The monitoring and assessment was conducted for a period of six months from May to December 2019. The air quality study included:

• The assessment of site-specific atmospheric dispersion potential; • The identification of existing sources of emissions in the area; • The identification of the potential sensitive receptors within the vicinity of the proposed project site; • The characterisation of ambient air quality in the region based on observational data recorded to date; • The review of legislative and regulatory context, including national ambient air quality standards; • Six months SO2 and NO2 sampling at two locations; • Six months PM10 and PM2.5 sampling at one location; • Six months’ dust fallout sampling at two locations.

Ambient Air Quality in the Region

Ambient monitoring data in the region was obtained from the Olifantsfontein monitoring station operated by the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality for the period 2017 to 2018 and from Buccleuch monitoring station from SAAQIS for the period January to December 2019. Olifantsfontein monitoring station is located 12 km to the north of the Highlands Precinct Area and Buccleuch monitoring station is 3km to the West of the Highlands Precinct Area. There was no data available for 2017 and 2018 from Buccleuch station monitoring. Particulates PM2.5 and PM10, including various gaseous pollutants NO2 and SO2, were analysed and are presented below.

PM10 and PM2.5 Sampling Results

Sampled daily PM10 concentrations ranged between 5.6 to 167 μg/m³. The NAAQS Limit of 75 μg/m³ was exceeded three times during the sampling period, namely on 10 June,14 October and 28 October. Sampled daily PM2.5 concentrations ranged between 13 and 339 μg/m³. The NAAQS of 40 μg/m³ was exceeded three times during the sampling period, namely on 18 October, 25 October, and 8 November 2019.

The NAAQS allows for 4 exceedances of the 24-hour limit values per year. Only three exceedances of both the PM10 and PM2.5 limit values were recorded during the May to December sampling period. Therefore, from the available data PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations would appear to be in compliance with the NAAQS, but it is very likely, given that particulate concentrations were only sampled twice weekly, that further exceedances could have occurred on days during which sampling was not conducted.

Figure 9: PM10 and PM2.5 daily concentrations at the Office site sampling location

SO2/NO2 Sampling Results

Radiello passive diffusive tubes were used to sample SO2 and NO2 concentrations. Sampling campaign average sampled concentrations to long term (annual average) NAAQS, equivalent annual average


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concentrations were extrapolated from sampled values. For extrapolating time averaging periods of from 24 hours to 1 year, Beychock (2005), recommends the following equation:

Although mathematical extrapolations exist for averaging periods shorter than 24 hours, these extrapolations cannot be used to determine the number of exceedances of the specified NAAQS limit values for 1-hour and 24-hour averaging periods. It is therefore not appropriate for assessing compliance with short term NAAQS. Calculated annual SO2 concentrations based on the (7 – 14 day) passive sampling, were compliant with the annual NAAQS (50 μg/m3). Annualised NO2 concentrations, based on the (7-14 day) exposure period, were compliant with the annual NO2 standard NAAQS (40 μg/m3). Short term (7-14 day) SO2 and NO2 concentrations were below the annual NAAQS, therefore annual concentrations of the pollutants are in compliance with their respective annual NAAQSs.

Dustfall Results

The daily dustfall rates during the sampling period June to December 2019 ranged between a minimum of 27 mg/m2-day to maximum of 374 mg/m2-day and are therefore compliant with the 600 mg/m2-day NDCR for residential areas.

Figure 10: Monthly dustfall rates per sampling location


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Table 7: Ambient SO2 and NO2 concentrations (all units: μg/m3) Location Measured concentration at Highlands Precinct Area (7 to 14 day average exposure period)

22 May - 29 May 2019 (Month 1)

29 May - 05 June 2019

(Month 1) 22 June - 09 July

2019 (Month 2)

09 July - 22 July 2019

(Month 2) 25 July - 08 Aug 2019

(Month 3) 08 Aug - 22 Aug 2019

(Month 3) 22 Aug - 29 Aug 2019

(Month 4)

Pollutant Sewer site Passive 1

Dam site

Passive 2

Sewer site Passive 1

Dam site

Passive 2


Dam site

Passive 2


Dam site

Passive 2

Sewer

site

Passive 1

Dam site

Passive 2 Sewer site

Passive 1 Dam site

Passive 2

Sewer site

Passive 1

Dam site

Passive 2

NO2 31.0 37.0 30.2 32.0 21.9 18.9 24.6 24.0 18.1 17.3 18.6 17.4 24.3 17.9

SO2 17.7 18.4 24.5 21.9 8.8 8.2 8.4 9.3 8.5 8.6 7.1 6.8 10.9 15.4

Calculated

annual

concentration

(a)

3.8 4.6 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.4 4.2 4.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.2

2.2 2.3 3.0 2.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.9

Notes: (a) Calculated on-site annual concentrations are based on the two 7-14 day passive monitoring

campaigns

Location Measured concentration at Highlands Precinct Area (7 to 14 day average exposure period)

29 Aug - 12 Sept

2019 (Month 4) 23 Sept - 30 Sept

2019 (Month 5) 14 Oct - 28 Oct 2019

(Month 5)

28 Oct - 04 Nov 2019 (Month 6)

08 Nov - 22 Nov 2019

(Month 6) 29 Nov – 06 Dec 2019

(Month 7) 06 Dec – 13 Dec 2019

(Month 7)

Pollutant Sewer

site

Passive

1

Dam site

Passive

2

Sewer

site

Passive

1

Dam

site

Passive

2

Sewer

site

Passive

1

Dam site

Passive 2 Sewer

site

Passive

1

Dam site

Passive 2

Sewer

site

Passive

1

Dam site

Passive 2 Sewer

site

Passive

1

Dam site

Passive 2 Sewer

site

Passive

1

Dam site

Passive 2

NO2 20.4 23.3 11.7 2.5 13.4 0.1 2.6 5.1 31.2 12.6 21.9 19.0 13.1 30.8

SO2 4.9 7.8 2.8 1.9 6.9 0.2 0.3 0.8 5.5 10.8 2.4 5.9 1.1 5.8

Calculated

annual

concentration

(a)

3.6 4.1 1.4 0.3 1.6 0.01 0.3 0.8 3.8 1.6 2.7 2.3 1.6 3.8

0.9 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.03 0.04 0.1 0.7 1.3 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.7

Notes: (a) Calculated on-site annual concentrations are based on the two 7-14 day passive monitoring campaigns


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ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

A faunal and floral ecological assessment was conducted on the Highlands area in anticipation of the development of the site. The specific outcomes for the said study included the requirement to: • provide inventories of floral species as encountered within the study area;

• determine and describe habitat types, communities and the ecological state of the study area and to rank each habitat type based on conservation importance and ecological sensitivity;

• identify and consider all sensitive landscapes including rocky ridges, wetlands and/ or any other special features;

• conduct a Red Data Listed (RDL) species assessment as well as an assessment of other Species of Conservation Concern (SCC), including potential for such species to occur within the study area;

• provide detailed information to guide the activities associated with the proposed mining activities within the study area; and

• ensure the ongoing functioning of the ecosystem in such a way as to support local and regional conservation requirements and the provision of ecological services in the local area.

Floral Assessment

The study conducted by Enviro Insight, found that the habitats on site are considered disturbed and impacted by the current and historical land use as well as surrounding edge effects of urban infrastructure. The following section provides a description of each of the habitat types occurring within the area.

Biome

The development site lies within the Grassland Biome which is found chiefly on the high central plateau of South Africa. Grasslands are dominated by a single layer of grasses. The amount of cover usually depends on rainfall and the degree of grazing. Trees are absent except in a few localised habitats. Geophytes are often abundant. Frost, fire and grazing maintain the grass dominance and prevent the establishment of trees.

Vegetation Type

The study area is located within the Egoli Granite Grassland vegetation type. This vegetation type has been classified as Endangered due to the high levels of fragmentation, urban expansion as well as low protection levels (Mucina & Rutherford 2006). It is not resilient to high levels of disturbance and continues to come under severe pressure from the expansion of high density development. Less than 3 % of the targeted 24 % is conserved in several nature reserves.

Figure 11: Highlands area in relation to vegetation type (Mucina and Rutherford, 2006)


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The landscape and vegetation features are described as low hills and moderately undulating plains, which support tall grass species such as Hyparrhenia hirta, dominating the area. Scattered rocky outcrops and rock sheets form suitable habitats for woody species (Mucina and Rutherford, 2006).

Habitat delineation

Overall, most of the habitats on site are considered disturbed and impacted by the current and historical land use as well as surrounding edge effects of urban infrastructure. The following section provides a description of each of the habitat types occurring within the study area.

Transformed Habitat The Transformed habitat unit represented areas manipulated in their entirety and which no longer show any meaningful ecological functionality. These areas represent mining areas, bunkers for the safe storage of explosives, workshops and offices and roads. Some flora species (grasses, forbs, trees, all mostly weeds) do exist mostly immediately surrounding these areas. This habitat type is classified as non-sensitive and no SCC are expected to occur within this habitat type.

Degraded Grassland Habitat The majority of the habitat within the study area can be classified as Degraded grassland. The area has high infestations of alien and exotic weed species including Bidens pilosa, Campuloclinium macrocephalum, Cortaderia selloana, Cosmos bipinnatus, Melinis repens, Pennisetum setaceum, Solanum mauritianum, Tagetes minuta, and Verbena bonariensis occurring in high densities. Grass species include Aristida congesta, Eragrostis curvula, Digitaria eriantha, Chloris virgata, Heteropogon contortus, Hyparrhenia hirta, Schizachyrium saguineum and Urochloa mosambicensis within the natural fragments and Cynodon dactylon as well as Pennisetum clandestinum occurring in the more disturbed areas. Forb species recorded in this habitat include Felicia muricata, Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Helichrysum nudifolium, Hermannia cf. lancifolia, Hilliardiella oligocephala, Hypoxis iridifolia, Hypoxis rigidula, Pelargonium luridum, Polygala hottentotta, Senecio inornatus and Wahlenbergia undulata. This habitat is considered to be of low sensitivity.

No SCC were recorded during the survey conducted in early March 2018 or mid-April 2017 and due to the high density of alien weeds the likelihood of occurrence is regarded as medium.

Figure 12: Precinct area in relation to the vegetation type (Mucina and Rutherford, 2006)

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Watercourse Habitat This habitat unit represents the visible surface water and wet grassland areas throughout the Precinct Area. These areas, along with their edges are mostly surrounded by various alien and invasive plants, mainly due to transport of seeds via the watercourse as well as historical and current land use disturbances within the site. Natural vegetation such as Eragrostis curvula, Digitaria eriantha, Imperata cylindrica, Phragmites australis, Typha capensis and the orchid Habenaria falcicornis does occur in fragments. Other alien/invasive plants associated with this habitat recorded include Arundo donax, Paspalum dilatatum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Persicaria lapathifolia, Tagetes minuta and Verbena bonariensis. From a habitat perspective, the habitat has a moderate to high sensitivity due to functional role it plays in the distribution and filtering of water as well as habitat for various fauna (including avifauna). Watercourses in general are sensitive and provide important ecological services, act as buffer areas against climate change and provide important habitat to flora and fauna species. No floral SCC were recorded during the survey and the likelihood of occurrence is regarded as medium.

Rocky outcrop Habitat This habitat unit represents areas where large rock features are protruding from the ground surface. Most of the habitat is disturbed by human activity in the form of trails demarcated through the habitat and previous disturbance. Some rocky areas were observed dispersed between alien vegetation stands. This is important to note as the habitat provides suitable habitat and refugia for faunal species, especially for reptiles and small mammals. The plant species diversity and density were lower than expected for this habitat type and included Aloe spp., Aristida junciformis, Bryum argenteum, Cyperus rupestris, Cheilanthes viridis, Dichapetalum cymosum, Melinis repens, Opuntia ficus-indica, Pellaea calomelanos, Tritonia cf. nelsonii, Xerophyta retinervis. No red data species were recorded during the survey and the likelihood of occurrence is regarded as low along the proposed road extension, and moderate for rocky outcrops within the surrounding study area. watercourse.

Alien Vegetation Habitat This habitat unit consist of Eucalyptus sp. trees planted historically as hedgerows as well as areas invaded mostly by Acacia mearnsii, Campuloclinium macrocephalum and Cortaderia selloana. The area is disturbed and is indicated as having a very low sensitivity. As mentioned above, the rocky habitat occurs dispersed within the alien vegetation habitat which is not necessarily indicated on the habitat map.

Faunal Assessment

Through the assessment of faunal characteristics of the site (habitat potential, connectivity to surrounding intact habitats, evidence of the presence of faunal species etc.) as well as applying the basic assessment study performed in conjunction with the aforementioned faunal references, no faunal “trigger” species were identified. Below is brief discussion on faunal species likely to occur onsite.

South African Hedgehog (Atelerix frontalis) Near Threatened

Hedgehogs are listed as Near Threatened and although the species is common in urban environments and is affected by development, it is also found on grasslands of varying degrees of quality, especially in the absence of dogs and other feral predators. With a loss of grassland habitat, it is likely that local hedgehog populations will be displaced or eradicated. The best course of action will be to allow for worker induction, which will report hedgehog presence and allow individuals to be safely relocated to more undisturbed areas.

Serval (Leptailurus serval) Near Threatened

It is anticipated that a non-significant resident population persists within the study area, given the predicated high density of rodents and the suitable habitat. The species is a relatively common wetland associate in grassland areas and although the Near Threatened status warrants due consideration, the species is not considered to be a fatal flaw given adequate mitigation (especially of wetland environments).


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Brown Hyaena (Parahyaena brunnea) Near Threatened

Brown Hyaena is an essential component of the ecosystem and act as important scavengers in the region, clearing carcases that can potentially spread diseases to wild mammal populations. Brown Hyaena is listed as Near Threatened and although they are present in high densities within some areas of Gauteng, pure grassland (even with some rocky outcrops) does not represent the cornerstone of their distribution. Furthermore, the high density of infrastructure and consequently human presence in the surrounding area will decrease their Likelihood of Occurrence.

African Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis) Near Threatened and Spotted-Necked Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis) Vulnerable

The spotted-necked otter has been upgraded to Vulnerable in 2016. It was apparent that some potentially suitable migratory/dispersal habitat persists within the study area; especially within the watercourse habitat. However, most of the study area is sub-optimal for spotted-necked otters which prefer deep, clear pools which support large populations of fish. The conclusion for the spotted-neck otter (which the likelihood of occurrence is considered to be almost definite but transitory in all the relevant study areas exhibiting flowing water) requires mitigation measures buffering of all flowing watercourses from the development infrastructure and buffering of heavy cattle grazing in watercourses. For now, the proposed 32 m buffer area should be implemented at the southern and western watercourses of the study area. Regarding the African clawless otter, the species is much more terrestrial and the watercourse habitat is considered to be optimal. The species was confirmed through scats downstream of the study area. The Near Threatened status of this species does not warrant single species ecological support buffering or fatal flaw allocation.

Giant Bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus) Regionally Near Threatened

The Giant Bullfrog is listed by Minter et al. (2004) as Near Threatened. This species has been recorded in the quarter degree (FrogMap 2018) on which the study area resides and due to their ecological attributes (large amphibians which breed in seasonally inundated wetlands) are pertinent to the study. Although GDARD has removed Giant Bullfrog from the list of trigger species, the Red List status as well as the association with wetland habitats warrants analysis. The analysis of the water bodies’ habitat suggests that historically, this species would have had a very high likelihood of occurring within the study area. The proposed development is unlikely to affect the breeding habitat of this species should the watercourses be protected.

African Grass Owl (Tyto capensis) Vulnerable

This species is dependent on the presence of the grass species Imperata cylindrica located in wet areas. Even though the entire study area was not surveyed on foot, some stands of I. cylindrica were recorded on site. The density and presence of this grass species in wetland areas surrounding the study area were considered medium and not sufficient to support breeding individuals of T. capensis. Based on the limited information, the presence of this species cannot be ruled out. It is therefore suggested that prior to construction suitable areas are surveyed and the extent of I. cylindrica be mapped.

Aquatic Ecology

Watercourses adjacent to the site are, in general, sensitive and provide important ecological services, act as climate change corridors and provide important habitat to flora and fauna species. These areas, along with their edges are mostly surrounded by various alien and invasive plants, mainly due to transport of seeds via the watercourse as well as historical and current land use disturbances within the site. Natural vegetation such as Eragrostis curvula, Digitaria eriantha, Imperata cylindrica, Phragmites australis, Typha capensis and the orchid Habenaria falcicornis do occur in fragments. Other alien/invasive plants associated with this habitat recorded include Arundo donax, Paspalum dilatatum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Persicaria lapathifolia, Tagetes minuta and Verbena bonariensis. From a habitat perspective, these areas are considered to be of moderate to high sensitivity due to their functional roles in the distribution and filtering of water as well as serving as habitats for various fauna (including avifauna).


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However, no red listed species were recorded during the survey and the likelihood of occurrence is regarded as medium.

Figure 13: Wetlands within the Greater Highlands Precinct

HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

Socio-economic issues

Historically, the site and its environs fell within the area that supported the functioning of the AECI Modderfontein Industrial operations. Although the land was recently released for development, certain historical factors as well as current policy and planning requirements must be taken into account. The proposed township falls within the Highlands Precinct area located within the Randburg-OR Tambo corridor according to the City of Johannesburg Spatial Development Framework. The intention of the corridor is to create a strong east-west development corridor in the north of the city with a broader city region focus, while capitalizing on the opportunities for infill development in the vacant tracts of land along this corridor. This corridor would also intersect with the north-south Corridor of Freedom along the Louis Botha Corridor, which links from Soweto past the Inner City into Sandton; thus, strengthening connectivity to the metropolitan core and other principal metropolitan sub-centres. Further, the SDF shows that the site forms part of the Transformation Zone (The “Blue” Zone). This zone represents the spatial extent of the urban transformation focus of urban growth and investment promotion, as well as being the focus of future incentive packages, and the bulk of public capital investment (primarily facilitated through the Johannesburg Strategic Infrastructure Platform – JSIP). In the Blue Zone, the city will promote densification, diversification and intensification through capital infrastructure investment, increased density allowances and other incentives.

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Spatial opportunities include well placed parcels of open land linking the areas, including Modderfontein, Linbro Park and Frankenwald in Johannesburg, and Dries Niemandt in Ekurhuleni, all of which are potential centers of developmental energy and investment. The development of these areas create opportunities for new road based and public transport connections to be made to areas that currently contribute to spatial discontinuity. Economic development potential of these infill areas is significant, and their mixed-use characters would contribute to greater job intensity and land productivity.

Figure 14: Provisions of the COJ SDF 2010

At a local context, the site is situated within the Greater Modderfontein Masterplan that was approved by COJ in September 2017. According to the approved Masterplan, the property falls within an area earmarked to develop as mixed use area but providing for predominately residential uses. The proposed rights are therefore directly in line with this approved policy for the area.


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Figure 15: Modderfontein MasterPlan

Archaeology and cultural heritage/sites of importance

Site investigations were carried out by the National Cultural History Museum in December 2006 for the entire Modderfontein site. During the said study the Modderfontein site was divided into different categories, based on use and heritage resources in different areas as highlighted below.

• Industrial area: This is the ‘factory’ area, where production of all products takes place. Some very interesting remains of interest are found here, and some of the structures were still in use.

• Private areas: These include various houses which are still used for habitation, or as offices. As a result, they are mostly well maintained

• Infrastructure/open space: The streets, parks, etc. are all well maintained

• Hidden features: These are essentially those sites which are either inaccessible due to them being in restricted areas or because they are covered by grass.

Based on the survey, the following can be said:

• The whole Modderfontein precinct is unique in the sense that it retains much of its original character, within the framework of its original purposes, i.e. the production of dynamite and other chemicals.

• As such it reflects not only technological development over more than a century, but also the people as it also relates to the social fabric of the country as a whole

• The integrity of most identified features and structures are intact and speak volumes for the management of the area and its conservation.

Important to note is that nor heritage resources and artefacts were identified on the application site. However, care and appropriate process would be implemented should any be unearthed on site.


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Visual aspects

The area surrounding the site is currently undeveloped and is characterized by overgrown veld grass but contains traces of prior disturbance. A small portion has been developed into bunkers of previous activity on the property. The proposal by the applicant extends to a low density residential development. It is not likely that the neighbouring developments may suffer any inconvenience associated with overlooking or impact on privacy and amenity. In particular, appropriate setbacks have been proposed and the orientation of buildings on the subject property will be such that the risk of impacting on the amenity and privacy of adjacent landowners will be kept to a minimum. Therefore, the proposed development is not expected to be visually intrusive as the receptors are not considered to be visually sensitive.

Noise

While the workings on the Gypsum dumps might result in high noise levels, these working are expected to be completed by the end of year 2021. No other adjacent activities have potential to compromise ambient noise levels in the area. In addition, the proposed development is not expected to result in any significant increase in the ambient noise levels in the area.

Land contamination

The AECI Modderfontein facility area has a well-documented history of contamination based on a range of activities that have occurred on site. The primary areas of impact have largely been zoned and lies beyond the north-eastern boundary of the application site. In terms of the investigations carried out for the broader Highlands area, the area was classified into different zones depending on the specific contaminants. Important to note is that the application site is only affected by Zone 9 (Aluminium Sulphate ponds) and indirectly by Zone 1A (Gypsum Dumps).

According to Chris Brooker (who carried out the Catchment Management Study), although the boundaries of the contamination management zones defined by van der Waals have been precisely mapped, the parts of the hillslopes beyond those delineated above remain at risk and cannot be ignored in any contamination management plan. According to him, although some of the areas may not yet show signs of contamination the principle of water movement in the soil indicates that it is not unlikely that the contamination plumes will move downslope and move further into these areas of uncertainty in the future. Therefore, all of the contaminant plumes described are potentially mobilised by shallow groundwater movement, so it will be essential that this movement of pollutants is slowed or stopped as soon as possible. This can only be economically achieved by urban development since leaving the areas “fallow” would allow the expansion of the contaminant plumes to continue unabated.

In line with the recommendations in the Catchment Management Plan, a field assessment has since been carried out by WSP, on the study area to confirm the presence/absence of diffuse contamination. Refer to details below.

Contamination Assessment on Longlake Extension 34

Intrusive works were carried out from 10–13 November 2020 and comprised the excavation of trial pits through use of a Tractor-Loader-Backhoe (TLB). Thirty-three trial pits (TP01, TP02 and TP15–TP45) were excavated to depths ranging from 0.3–2.1m bgl; one of these (TP16) was located within a relic soil stockpile to the south of the aluminium sulphate sludge ponds. Whilst attempts were made to position these in an approximate grid, soft ground conditions following heavy rainfall resulted in access constraints for the TLB and, therefore, locations were largely dictated by the network of tracks that traverse the area. Discrete soil samples for subsequent chemical analysis were again obtained from selected horizons within each hole based on observations made at the time of excavation.


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Figure 16: Contamination within and adjacent to the site

Observations made at the time of advancement including the depth, descriptions of strata encountered, sampling and other pertinent comments on conditions are presented on the exploratory hole logs (see attached report in Appendix B). The locations of each of the pits, recorded using a handheld GPS at the time are illustrated below.

i. Chemical Laboratory Analysis Soil samples were collected according to internationally accepted protocols for analysis. The soil samples were submitted to Element Materials Technology, a SANAS accredited laboratory, and were either composited or scheduled for discrete analysis in broad accordance with the suite of contaminants listed in the National Norms and Standards for the Remediation of Contaminated Land and Soil Quality (GN R.331 of 2014) together with other key contaminants of concern, summarised as follows:

• Metals and metalloids including aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium (total and hexavalent), cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, vanadium and zinc.

• Inorganics including chloride, cyanide, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite and sulphate.

• Alkanes (C7–C9, C10–C14 and C15–C36).

• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE).

• Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).

• Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).

• pH.

Laboratory certificates of analysis are provided in Appendix C of the assessment report.

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Figure 17: Test Pits

ii. Soil contamination A screening assessment to determine risk to human health and aquatic systems was conducted based on typical chemical behaviour, expected routes of exposure, toxicological data and the findings of the ground investigations. The screening complied with the basis of the South African Framework for the Management of Contaminated Land (Framework, May 2010), developed by the then Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) in line with Part 8 of the NEM: WA. It outlines the methodology for the screening of potentially contaminated sites to provide a risk-based decision support protocol for their assessment. Further, the then DEA gazetted General Notice (GN) R.331: National Norms and Standards for the Remediation of Contaminated Land and Soil Quality in May 2014, with these being promulgated under Section 7(2)(d) of the NEM: WA by the then Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs. GN R.331 provides Soil Screening Values (SSVs), a tiered system of priority soil contaminants, to facilitate the determination of sensitivity of the relevant receptor which may be subject to exposure. Below is a brief discussion of the outcome of the soil contamination assessment focussing on the identified contaminates. Arsenic- Arsenic (7.6mg/kg) was above its SSV1 within the sample obtained from the soil stockpile (TP16) only. Statistically, this maximum appears to be an outlier when considering an average of ~3mg/kg and a standard deviation of ~1.8mg/kg for the dataset as a whole. Despite this maximum, it is notable that arsenic was ubiquitously below SSV2s for both formal residential and commercial scenarios, as well as below the calculated assessment criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. On this basis, it is therefore unlikely to represent a significant source of risk to these receptors.


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Copper -at 34mg/kg copper was above its SSV1 within the sample obtained from TP15 only, south of the soil stockpile. Again, statistically, this maximum appears to be an outlier when considering an average of ~10mg/kg and a standard deviation of ~8mg/kg. Although the maximum was below SSV2s for both formal residential and commercial scenarios, this was above the calculated assessment criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Nonetheless, and although above background, in the wider context of the development area, copper is not considered to represent a significant source of risk given its overall average concentration (~10mg/kg) being substantially below its SSV1. Lead was above its SSV1 within four samples, to a maximum of 46mg/kg at TP15 to the south of the soil stockpile. A value of 34mg/kg was recorded at 1.2–1.5m bgl at TP45, situated around 100m down-gradient of the northern portion of the aluminium sulphate sludge ponds, and these two values appear to be outliers when considering an average of ~18mg/kg and a standard deviation of ~11mg/kg. Although only a single sample was collected from TP15, given that a shallower sample from TP45 (0.2–0.4m bgl) recorded a concentration of 15mg/kg (i.e. >50% lower), it is plausible that the outliers relate to impacts associated with the migration of lead derived from the aluminium sulphate sludge ponds in shallow groundwater. Similar to arsenic it is again notable that all lead concentrations were below SSV2s for both standard residential and commercial scenarios, as well as below the calculated assessment criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic ecosystems and, on this basis, is unlikely to represent a significant source of risk to these receptors. Manganese at 1 406mg/kg was almost double its SSV1 again within the sample obtained from TP15 only, south of the soil stockpile. This is representative of an outlier when recognising an average of ~208mg/kg and a standard deviation of ~365mg/kg. Nonetheless, and similar to both arsenic and lead, all concentrations were below the SSV2s for both formal residential and commercial scenarios, as well as the calculated assessment criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, in the wider context, whilst evidently locally elevated, manganese is not considered to represent a significant source of risk given its overall average concentration (~208mg/kg) being substantially below its SSV1. Fluoride, at 32.4mg/kg, was marginally above its SSL (30mg/kg) within Composite 3 only. This is consistent with impacts noted in this area; although generally of a lower magnitude than the previously reported range of 3.77–680.22mg/kg. Whilst above background, in the wider context of the development area, fluoride is not considered to represent a significant source of risk given an overall average concentration (~4.5mg/kg) far below its SSL (30mg/kg). Nitrate was recorded above its SSL4 (120mg/kg) within Composite 4 as well as those samples from TP15 and TP16 only. As previously noted, TP15 and TP16 (stockpile) were situated to the west of the aluminium sulphate sludge ponds, and Composite 4 was formed of four samples (TP19 and TP42–TP44) obtained within the downslope region of the historical irrigation (spraying) area. Whilst former irrigation represents the most likely source, similar to fluoride, in the wider context of the proposed development nitrate is not considered to represent a significant source of risk given an overall average concentration (~73.6mg/kg) far below its SSL (120mg/kg), although again above background. iii. Groundwater contamination observations Two potential sources of ground water pollution exist within the site (aluminum ponds) or adjacent to and upgradient of the site. In general, however, the study found that:

• No visual or olfactory evidence of contamination was noted within any of the exploratory locations.

• Water ingress was noted in just one of the trial pits (TP18) at a depth of 0.7m bgl. It should, however, be noted that heavy rainfall was experienced prior to the advancement of this position and, therefore, ingress could plausibly relate to infiltration.


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Gypsum

Longlake Extension 34 is situated downgradient of the area that used to house gypsum dumps which have been reclaimed over the years. These dumps were mainly waste from the manufacture of fertilisers. The dumps comprised of a mixture of waste gypsum, sulphuric acid and phosphate rock which was dumped from 1964 to 1972. Similar waste was dumped on the new gypsum dump from 1972 to 1979. As the gypsum is located immediately adjacent the northern-eastern boundary of the site, it was required to ascertain the likelihood of on-site migration of contamination. The assessment considered pertinent data provided by previous measurement by SRK specifically from the following positions:

• BH3: located to the north of Ext. 34, west of the gypsum disposal site and likely representative of background groundwater quality prior to its movement onto Ext. 34

• BH12: located to the northeast of Ext. 34, south of the gypsum disposal site, and again likely representative of background groundwater quality prior to its movement across Ext. 34

From the information obtained from the SRK work, the following has been observed:

• Following a gradual decrease from 5.5 to 3 over the period 1990–2001, pH has slowly increased to slightly above neutral (7.2) in the latest data (August 2019) available for BH3. Whilst concentrations have fluctuated, this seems to correlate with an overall reduction in sulphate. Although some variability is evident, concentrations of both calcium and nitrate typically remain consistent throughout the dataset. Notably, nitrate concentrations are lower than those down-gradient in areas subject to historical irrigation practices.

• Somewhat conversely, pH remained broadly stable at slightly below neutral within BH12 over the period 1994–2015. Calcium initially increased rapidly by an approximate order of magnitude before showing a more gradual increase, and sulphate has gradually increased from ~700 to 2 220mg/l. This is consistent with the placement of the position immediately down-gradient of the gypsum (calcium sulphate) disposal site; pure gypsum would be expected to have a near-neutral pH.

• Although the available dataset for BH12 only includes measurements up until 2009, metal concentrations remained low. Whilst concentrations of aluminium and arsenic were elevated in 2000 at BH3, these have since reduced.

Aluminium Sulphate Ponds

The waste site occupies a footprint of around 30 000m2 and consists of nine former ponds that, up to circa 1988, were used for the deposition of aluminium sludge originating from AECI’s Modderfontein operations, and predominantly comprising aluminium sulphate and lime. An unlined effluent canal was located along the northern perimeter of the historical ponds until this was rerouted in 2001.

The ponds were decommissioned in 1988. Until 2001, an unlined canal of strong effluent from the Central Factory and Fuse areas was located immediately upgrade of the dams. The effluent overflowed into the ponds during high flow periods and the strong effluent leached into the ponds. The ponds themselves have also overflowed resulting in the denudation of vegetation downgrade of the site.

Recognising the direction of groundwater flow from northeast to southwest, and that the historical aluminium sulphate sludge ponds evidently represent the principal concern with respect to contamination, analytical data from the following three monitoring wells has been appraised:

• SRK7: located within the northwest of Ext. 34, northeast of the ponds and assumed representative of groundwater quality prior to their influence.

• SRK12: located to the west of the northern portion of the aluminium sulphate sludge ponds, up-gradient of Dam 4 (effluent). Likely representative of groundwater quality subsequent to influence from the ponds.

• SRK12A: located to the west of the southern portion of the aluminium sulphate sludge ponds and again likely representative of groundwater quality following influence therefrom Both SRK12 and SRK12A are paired wells; however, recognising that influences from the historical ponds would probably be more apparent within shallow groundwater, appraisal has been limited to the shallower installations at this


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point. Temporal trends for various selected chemical determinants across the wells are presented in Appendix E of the attached assessment report, and plotted alongside their pH values.

Figure 18: Aluminium Sulphate Ponds

Key Observations from assessment of ponds

• Nitrate concentrations were variable over the approximate period 1995–2004 at SRK7; however, excluding a transient peak in late 2012 have generally appeared more stable, and slightly lower overall. This is consistent with the cessation of irrigation practices pre-2004. Further, although closer to neutral at the start of the available monitoring data, up-gradient groundwater pH has tended to range from 4–5.5, with a possible slight overall increase since irrigation was stopped; this is in keeping with moderately acidic conditions common to granitic environments.

• A number of metals appears at more elevated concentrations prior to 2004 within the up-gradient well, possibly indicative of their presence within the effluent historically used for irrigation; however, have largely reduced. Nonetheless, aluminium and manganese remain as, likely mostly naturally occurring, background.

• Calcium, sulphate and nitrate concentrations within down-gradient SRK12S have roughly correlated and fluctuated widely since 1995 with no immediately obvious trend; although, there is some suggestion of

a lesser degree of variability during a period roughly from 2006–2011 when the pH was at its lowest5

(~3.5–4). Whilst pH appears similar to up-gradient, irrespective of variability, the concentrations of calcium, sulphate and nitrate are substantially higher than up-gradient and indicative of ongoing influence.

• Concentrations of metals within SRK12S have generally decreased since the earliest available data

SITE


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(2000), or otherwise over the dataset, with recent concentrations of aluminium and manganese similar to those upgradient; although, other metals remain evident. Notably, lead (which was recorded in soils below the water table at TP45, Section 5) has not been recorded above laboratory detection since February 2012 and, therefore, is unlikely to be of concern.

• Calcium, sulphate and nitrate concentrations again correlate well, although are far less variable, within SRK12AS and, notwithstanding a period of higher concentrations between 2017 and 2018, appeared to reduce from 1997–2004 and subsequently stabilise; albeit with calcium and nitrate at marginally higher concentrations than up-gradient. The elevated concentrations from 2017–2018 corresponds to a period of lower pH.

• Not dissimilar to SRK12S, concentrations of metals within SRK12AS decreased rapidly from 2000–2002 and have seemingly remained largely stable since then, with aluminium and manganese comparable to upgradient. However, transient spikes were seen in a number of metals during early 2018, and corresponding with the lower pH that would likely have increased mobility; although, this could just as easily be related to sample/analytical integrity


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5.0 INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES

ROADS INFRASTRUCTURE

Access Roads

No road infrastructure and direct access currently exist for the proposed township. The main access to the township will be obtained from Maxwell Drive, which marks the northern boundary of the township. This road will be extended from the K113 up to the approved access to the township located east of the M60. According to the appointed engineers, the site is planned to have three access points, as briefly described below:

• Access 1 (Primary Access): - This will be the main access to the residential development. A full access will be taken off the extension of Maxwell Drive and it will be located approximately 720m from Marlboro Drive Intersection. The intersection will be a signalised, T-intersection and is in conjunction with JRA Class 3 access spacing standards relative to adjacent intersections.

• Access 2 (Secondary Access): - This access is planned to serve the proposed hotel and conference facilities on the western portion of the township. A full access will be taken off the extension of Maxwell Drive and will remain a T-junction in the future.

• Access 3 (School Access): - Access to the school component is proposed off a newly proposed public road which will form the eastern boundary of the site. A formal access with a drop-off / pick-up area is proposed to comply with the JRA Standards. The school access point will be located no closer than 500m away from the Class 2 Roads, in accordance with the TRH26 Manual and JRA Requirements.

Figure 19: Road Network


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Proposed roads improvements identified in the Traffic Impact Study

Road improvements and upgrades will be undertaken per phase of the development. The upgrades required for phase 1 include:

• Maxwell Drive / Proposed Main Site Access Intersection (One traffic lane per direction)

• Maxwell Drive / Proposed Road Intersection (east of main site access) (One traffic lane per direction)

• Maxwell Drive / Marlboro Drive Intersection (One traffic lane per direction)

• Marlboro Drive / Proposed Road Intersection (One traffic lane per direction)

• M60 (Marlboro Drive) / K113 Intersection (Additional southbound lane required). The following road link will be required as part of Phase 1:

• The road link required for Phase 1 of the proposed development results from the proposed partial intersection of K113 and the road link to Laneshaw Street discussed within the study.

• The Marlboro Drive (M60) bridge construction and Marlboro Drive extension to Maxwell Drive (already authorised) is also a requirement of Phase 1 to ensure access to the development. The construction cost of the bridge and the road will therefore be included as part of service agreements which will form part of the certificate of completion to be provided prior to approval of the Section 82 Certificate with other external upgrades as proposed above.

Road intersections to be upgraded as part of the full / ultimate development extent of uses (over and above those for Phase 1) will be the following:

• Maxwell Drive / Proposed Main Site Access Intersection (Two approach traffic lanes per direction and signalisation when warranted)

• Maxwell Drive / Proposed Hotel & Conference Access Intersection (One traffic lane per direction), no upgrades required.


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Figure 20: Proposed Roads Upgrades


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STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

The Highlands precinct lies on two sub catchments as shown below. The northern part draining generally to the Noordhoek Stream, and the southern part draining generally to the Northern Stream (also referred to as the W30 Stream). Parts of both sub catchments contain areas draining directly to the Modderfontein Spruit.

Among others, two key issues were considered in the design of the stormwater management system. These were the Modderfontein Catchment characterisation, including ground water movement on site and the historic activities that affect the use of the site. The latter include the presence of the Aluminium Sulphate ponds within the south-western edge of the site.

Catchment Management characterisation

The Catchment Management characterisation and the resultant Catchment Management Plan (CMP) were specific requirements of the COJ. This was specifically to ensure that the approach to stormwater management takes into account the broader movement of water within the catchment so that that the site specific stormwater system meets the requirements of the related by-laws. Therefore, the design of the stormwater system was informed by the outcome of the catchment management investigations and the resultant plan for the Modderfontein area, more specifically the Highland Precinct Area.

Figure 21: Catchment Areas

According to the CMP, soil analysis and mapping is critical in determining the locations of the recharge zones critical for the functioning of the various wetland areas identified. The mapped areas should then be used to inform the land use planning to ensure that open space is left within the recharge areas and along the subsurface flow routes to satisfy the hydrological requirements of the wetlands.


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Modelling

The CMP indicates that targets for the management of stormwater runoff were computed using a baseline model and the base framework of a “live” model was constructed to facilitate the development and investigation of stormwater management interventions necessary to meet the requirements of the CoJ’s Stormwater Bylaws. It was necessary that the same methodology and computation engine be used when assessing the differences between pre-development and post development stormwater runoff. The baseline model, as shown below was constructed using the watershed delineation tool in PCSWMM to discretise the sub catchments and drainage pattern based on a 2m cell DEM extracted from the COJ 2005 LIDAR data supplemented where necessary with the EMM 2009 LIDAR. Channels were modelled with natural cross sections with transects extracted from the same DEM. The model comprises one outfall, 399 junctions, 4 storages representing the existing dams incorporated into the model for consistency although they have no effect on the computed runoff characteristics at the control points, 399 conduits with a total length of 61.7 km and an average slope of 3.9%, and 254 sub catchments with total area 1 818 ha. The model computes the continuous hydrograph for the 22 years of rainfall from 1994 to 2016.

Figure 22:Highlands Baseline Model

The model was constructed using the watershed delineation tool in PCSWMM with the terrain surface defined by a 3m cell DEM derived from the COJ 2015 and the EMM 2018 LIDAR data covering the area. A drainage pattern defined by the planned major roads was superimposed onto this terrain to refine the model definition. After automatic discretisation the model was manually adjusted to eliminate structures such as the gypsum dumps, add further drainage paths and storage objects. The outcome of the model drainage pattern with the planned roads in the draft layout plan showed some misalignment in the planning of the Longlake Ext 34, between Maxwell Dr and the Modderfontein Spruit. This needed to be corrected following the hydropedological investigation of the hillslope.


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Figure 23: Highlands Post Development Live Model

Proposed Stormwater Management Measures

This section details the proposed stormwater control measures as detailed in the Stormawater Management Report.

Figure 24: Stormwater Management Concept

Swales next to internal roads

Swales instead of only underground stormwater pipes will be used. Stormwater run-off from roads are allowed to enter swales, where the swales will slow the speed of the water flow, giving it more time to infiltrate into the upper highly permeable hillwash. A minimal amount of stormwater will actually be allowed to pond within the swale, to prevent oversaturated and unpleasant conditions next to the road.


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Inlets connected to the piped will be situated within the swale at an elevated level, only allowing stormwater to enter the piped system when the swale is full. The swales are to be provided on both sides on the road, the dimensions for the swale is to be 2000mm wide and 334mm deep, with side slopes of 1:3. The steep slopes are meant to deter the mowing of the inside of the swale, in order to create grass or landscaping that is thick that will slow down flow. The following Infiltration rates have been used to model road swales: Suction head: 88.9mm Hydraulic conductivity: 6.6mm/h Initial deficit: 0.231 The infiltration rates are based on the Hillslope Silty loam. Analysis indicate that for 1:2-year single event 60% of rainfall will infiltrate, and 40% will result in run-off, for the 1:25 year single event 44% will infiltrate and 56% will result in run-off. The inlets to the underground stormwater system will be spaced between 100m to 150m apart.

Figure 25: Typical stormwater management infrastructure provided for

Checked earth channels

The two main open space corridors stretching North to South and East to West can be used to place open earth channels instead of closed underground pipes to convey stormwater. The channels should have checked dams, to slow the flow of stormwater down to prevent erosion and allow for more infiltration into the soil. The slopes are to be 1:4 and grassed, the channel is to be 0.5m deep, the channel will be drained and allowed to dry when it is not raining and can be utilised as open space. The bottom of the channel can be landscaped if required for, or if the bottom becomes too saturated for grass cover.


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The channels can almost entirely be situated in the hillslope sands to allow for infiltration. The infiltration potential of the channels was not analysed, it is proposed that the channels be added to the stormwater model during detail design.

Semi-Wet Ponds

Semi-Wet ponds are proposed to be placed on the lower perimeter of the township. The ponds are to be used to retain stormwater to be harvested and to be pumped to an irrigation storage dam, the remainder of the stormwater will then be slowly released and spread by levelling channels, this will allow for the discharge to be spread across a wide area, to increase infiltration and prevent gullies from forming. It is proposed that 110mm outlets protected by sand filters to prevent clogging and control the outflow rate, be placed on the inverts of the ponds to allow for the slow release of stormwater. The 110mm to 200mm diameter outlets will be placed between 1m and 2m above the invert of the ponds that will discharge onto the surface downstream of the ponds. The outlets ensure slow release of stormwater. The ponds were modelled as to have no infiltration at the lower 1m of the pond (in some cases 2m depending on the geology) due to the expected nature of the in-situ soils below 1m natural ground level. Above 1m from the invert, the pond was modelled to have a maximum infiltration rate of 4.32mm/h and minimum rate of 2.29mm/h. The long detention time in the ponds will also provide sufficient time for sediment to settle before the stormwater is released by the outlet pipes. The bottom of the ponds is likely to be saturated for extended periods and landscaping suitably adapted to these conditions will have to be provided. Vegetation in the ponds will also encourage increased evapotranspiration over extended periods between rainfall events. A volume of 75 905 m3 is available for retention in all the pond on site, equalling to 690 m3 of storage per hectare which is more than the recommended 400 m3/ha.

Levelling Channels

The semi-wet ponds are to slowly release stormwater into the levelling channels that are situated on the boundary of the proposed township. The levelling channels will spread the stormwater discharge over a wide area, by spreading the discharge over a wide area it minimises the discharge velocity and flow depth, it also increases the amount of discharge to be infiltrated into the receiving area downstream. Sand filters are to be provided at the inlets of the levelling channels to prevent fine sediment from entering and clogging up the outlet orifices and to also control the amount of outflow, the sand filters should be maintained on a yearly basis.

Inlet and Outlets to Semi-Wet Ponds

The semi wet ponds will be fitted with outlet pipes at various heights and sizes, the outlet pipes will be small sizes varying between 50mm and 250mm diameter, the small diameter pipes are prone to blockages if not protected from debris. Therefore, inlet structures are proposed that are fitted with larger grids before the small diameter low velocities through grids that prevent debris from getting sucked onto the grids. The low flow orifices will be protected from clogging by using sand filters, the sand filters will also be used to control the amount of outflow from the ponds. All outflows and weirs will discharge into a levelling channel that spreads the outflow over a wide area.


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Figure 26: Outlet detail.

Water Harvesting

A 6000 m3 storage dam has been allocated for the storage of harvested rainwater for irrigation use. The dam is situated in the upper reaches of the proposed township. Stormwater is required to be pumped from the semi-wet ponds situated on the lower perimeter up to the storage dam. The township irrigation network can be fed from the storage dam by means of gravity or auxiliary pressure pumps. The irrigation network will have to be supplemented by municipal water in times of extended dry periods, it is advisable that the irrigation system be designed by an irrigation professional. Pumps need to be sized adequately to maximise the amount of water harvested before the semi-wet ponds become dry due to exfiltration, and also to ensure that the ponds have enough storage for the next rainfall event. The Continuous simulation indicate that an average of 19 800 m3 of rainwater can be harvested per annum. The table below indicates the estimated water usage for the entire estate, amounting to 591 099 m3 per annum, the water saving will be an estimated 3.3% per annum, which is not significant. The estimated cost saving (at a rate of R 32/m3) to the estate is R 633 600 per annum, which is significant. The amount of water harvested can be increased by lowering the pump intakes at the perimeter dams below the dam inverts into the sub-soil, or by increasing the pump size. This will however affect the saturation condition and landscaping of the dam.

Table 8:Expected water usage


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Stormwater Quality Management

Township Establishment Construction Bulk earthworks to the proposed dams on the perimeter of the proposed township be done prior to any other bulk or internal services are installed in the township, to ensure that any sediment that is produced by the construction of the services be trapped in these dams. After the earthworks for the services has been installed and soil stabilisation has commenced, should the sediment produced by the construction be cleared from the dams on the perimeter, and the final finishes and landscaping be provided to the dams. Internal Residential construction It is proposed that silt fences be erected on each site by the developer to ensure that sediment run-off is being prevented due to the clearing of sites during the construction of residential houses All the proposed stormwater management measures should be in place, and on-site residential contractors need to ensure that sediment produced by on site construction are contained on individual sites. The HOA and/or the developer will be required to keep close supervision on these measures and ensure that the proposed stormwater management measures remain in working condition and are adequately maintained.

Figure 27: Preferred Stormwater Layout

Post township construction and normal operation The HOA of the township need to ensure that the proposed stormwater management measures are inspected at least once a year and maintained as required. An inspection and maintenance manual will be provided by the engineer to the developer and the HOA after the construction has been completed. The main difference between the preferred and alternative system is that the former has fewer dams with larger dam and one smaller located down gradient of the sulphate ponds. These will have a total of two discharge points that spread stormwater over a larger area. The alternative layout will have numerous ponds, some located over the aluminium sulphate ponds, all with individual discharge points, discharging into the Modderfontein Reserve.


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Figure 28: Alternative Stormwater Layout

The preferred stormwater system is as described above. Critical infrastructure included four dams, swells along the internal roads, checked earth channels and levelling channels. Dams 2 and 3 located down-gradient of the Aluminium ponds will be designed in such a way that there is minimal impact on the water in the dams as well as that stormwater release from these dams is spread to prevent impacts on the Modderfontein Reserve.

The alternative system will have similar infrastructure but will be dominated by underground stormwater channels and water being piped across the Aluminium Ponds and discharging directly into the boundary of the Reserve.

BULK WATER SERVICES

LV & Partners (Pty) Ltd were appointed to investigate the availability of bulk services and to provide for connections for the township.

Existing Bulk water services

The south-eastern side of the site is criss-crossed with existing low-grade water pipes previously belonging to AEL to supply dynamite testing sites with water. None of these water pipes can be re-used and will therefore be disregarded.

Water design criteria

The following standards will be used in the design of a new water reticulation: • Average annual daily demand (AADD)

− Residential 1: 0.8 kℓ/unit − Residential 2: 0.8 kℓ/unit − Special (Hotel): 0.77 kℓ/100m2


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− Education: 0.02 kℓ/pupil − Special (Gate House): 0.6 kℓ/unit

• Peak hour demand − Peak hour factor (PHF): 4.0 − Peak hour demand: PHF x AADD

• System heads − Maximum static head (no demand): 90 m − Minimum residual head under conditions of peak hour demand at erf boundary: 25 m

• Fire - fighting − Fire risk category: Moderate − Total fire flow: 50 ℓ/s − Flow at any one hydrant: 25 ℓ/s − Minimum pressure at fire: 15 m − Duration of fire: 4 hrs − Spacing of fire hydrants: 180 m maximum.

• Linear pipeline velocity − Maximum under conditions of peak hour: 1.5 m/s − Maximum under conditions of fire-fighting: 2.2 m/s

• Pipe material: PVC-U to SANS 966 Part 1 − Minimum pipe class: Class 12 − Supply lengths: 6 m − Joints: Spigot and socket joints with rubber sealing rings.

• Boundary roughness (k-value): 0.1 mm • Flow formula: D’Arcy Weissbach • Depth of cover below final ground level

− On sidewalks: 1.0 m(min) – 1.5 m(max) − Across streets: 1.0 m(min) – 1.5 m(max)

• Placement of pipes inside a 30 m and greater road reserve for dual carriageway (JRA): 2 m from erf boundary on the low side of street. • Placement of isolating valves : Opposite splay corner pegs in networks.

: So that not more than 4 valves must be shut off to isolate any part of the network.

: So that not more than 30 dwellings in a normal residential area are without water if work is to be carried out on any network pipe.

• Placement of hydrants : Opposite the communal erf pegs and between 0.3 m and 0.6m away from them. : Not closer than one erf length to any intersection.

Proposed infrastructure

The proposed development falls inside the future Highlands Reservoir supply area. A new Rand Water connection and a new 710 mm bulk water supply pipeline has been installed along Allandale road. A new 600 mm diameter water pipeline is required to tie into this pipeline and run in a north-south direction along Marlboro Drive (M60). The pipeline will run southwards towards Maxwell Drive and then reduce to a 300 mm diameter pipe whilst turning westwards towards the entrance of the development. Various road crossings are foreseen. Peak hourly consumption together with fire flow requirements determine water network pipe sizes aiming at maintaining a maximum flow velocity of approximately 2.2 m/s under fire flow conditions. For this development it implies a minimum internal pipe diameter size of 208 mm. Network pipe sizes will be


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determined by a detailed analysis of water demands across Highlands. A water meter assembly will be installed at the entrance to each individual erf.

Figure 29: Proposed External and Internal Water Network

BULK SEWER

Existing infrastructure

The existing Modderfontein Bulk Outfall Sewer Pipeline drains in a north-western direction south of the Modderfontein Spruit past the proposed development along it’s south-western boundary. It connects to the Bruma Bulk Outfall Sewer Pipeline further north and then drains westwards towards the Northern Waste Water Treatment Works.

Sewer design criteria

The following standards will be used in the design of the sewer reticulation: • Sewage outflow per day − Residential 1: 0.7 kℓ/unit − Residential 2: 0.7 kℓ/unit − Special (Hotel): 0.55 kℓ/100m2 − Education: 0.015 kℓ/pupil − Special (Gate House): 0.4 kℓ/unit • Peak factor − Peak hour factor (PHF) Residential 1: 2.3 − Peak hour factor (PHF) Residential 2: 2.3 − Peak hour factor (PHF) Special (Hotel): 3.0 − Peak hour factor (PHF) Educational: 3.0

Ext.34


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• Sewer capacity : Pipes shall be designed to run at 67% full, measured in terms of flow depth. • Provision for stormwater infiltration: The remaining 33% • Flow formula: Manning with n = 0.013 • Velocities in sewers: 0.7 m/s minimum, 2.0 m/s maximum • Fall through manholes: 80 mm (for sewers ≤ 315 mm Ø) • Minimum pipe size for reticulation pipes: 145 mm Internal diameter • Sewer erf connections: 110 mm diameter at the lowest point of each erf.

Proposed Bulk infrastructure

New bulk sewer pipelines will be required to link a number of internal sewer connections to the existing bulk outfall sewer pipeline across the Modderfontein Spruit inside the Modderfontein Reserve. A pipeline will be required along the north-western boundary of the site, as well as along the southern boundary. Two options for the sewer pipeline crossing of the Modderfontein Spruit were considered one along the existing Dam 4 bridge and the other along the existing wall to the east of the Dam. These were evaluated to determine the best option.

Figure 30: Proposed Sewer Crossing

The preferred sewer crossing is as shown above. The proposed crossing on the wall of Dam 4 was discarded because of issues of dam safety, topography/gradient, infrastructure services to be affected and the costs associated with the required upgrades to the wall.

The internal sewer reticulation will connect directly to this existing bulk outfall sewer pipeline inside the Modderfontein Reserve through the proposed crossing discussed above. The network is shown on the layout below.


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Figure 31: External and Internal Sewer Network

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

Existing supply and anticipated demand

Pienaar & Erwee Engineers (Pty) Ltd were appointed to assess and provide for electrical supply for the township.

It is estimated that a maximum demand for Longlake Extension 34 amounts to approximately 9021,87 kVA. This is based on the following:

• Due to the developer utilising solar geysers and natural gas, the Residential 2 ADMD at Minisub level will be sufficient if a provision of 3kVA per residential unit are made.

• Residential 1 erven will be supplied through low voltage networks and low voltage metering kiosks (cubicles) in the road reserve. Due to the intended sizing of houses we are of the opinion that Res 1 erven can be designed for 7 kVA/Unit for standard stands and 10 kVA/Unit for the larger stands.

• A Hotel and Conferencing venue will be supplied through a MV metering Unit (BMK) in a 6 x 3m servitude. We propose that provision be made for an ADMD capacity of 8kVA/100m² for this venue.

• An Educational facility will also be supplied through a MV metering unit (BMK) in a 6 x 3m servitude and calculated at 2kVA/100m².

Proposed supply

The proposed development is situated within the electrical supply area of City Power and within the Longlake Primary Substation Area. Sufficient capacity for the development is currently available the said Substation

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which is located in Marlboro Drive. The winter load readings in July 2019 indicated that the substation peaks at around 4.928 MVA during winter. The substation has a firm capacity of 45MVA at present. The total capacity required for Longlake X34 would be 7109 kVA. The developer will have to install the main MV distributed supply through an underground cable across a bridge that will be constructed close to the position of the Longlake Substation and over the Modderfontein Nature Reserve. Street lighting will be installed within the street reserves to comply with the Municipality Standards and specifications if required. All the services will be installed within the street reserve in the positions as indicated on the section drawings provided by the specifications of City Power.

Figure 32: Electricity Reticulation -Longlake Ext. 34 .


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6.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS

This section provides an overview of the processes required to fulfil the requirements of the Regulations.

OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Public participation is an essential and regulatory requirement for an environmental authorisation process

and must be undertaken in terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations GNR. 982

(December 2014). Public participation is a process that is intended to lead to a joint effort by stakeholders,

technical specialists, the authorities and the proponent/developer who work together to produce better

decisions than if they had acted independently.

The process followed was designed to provide information to and receive feedback from interested and

affected parties (I&AP). Feedback was in turn fed into the EIA process. This provided organisations and

individuals with an opportunity to raise concerns and make comments and suggestions to influence the

Project layout, design and the final impact assessment report.

During the Scoping Phase the public participation process aimed to enable Interested and Affected Parties

to:

• Understand the context of the EIA;

• Become informed and educated about the proposed project and its potential impacts;

• Raise issues of concern and suggestions for enhanced benefits;

• Verify that their comments, issues of concern and suggestions have been recorded;

• Assist in identifying reasonable alternatives; and

• Contribute relevant local information and traditional knowledge to the environmental impact

assessment process.

During the EIR phase, the process will:

• Ensure that relevant information including local and traditional knowledge contributes to the

environmental impact assessment process;

• Ensure that issues and suggestions from registered I&AP are considered in the environmental

investigations and feedback has been provided;

• Afford opportunities to I&AP to comment on the findings of the EIA; and

• Identify further issues of concern from the findings of the EIA.

During the decision-making phase the process entitles I&AP to be informed of the outcome (authorisation)

and how the decision can be appealed.

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION UNDERTAKEN DURING THE SCOPING PHASE

As per the provisions of the Regulations, an extensive public participation was undertaken during the scoping

phase. Below are some of the key activities undertaken.

Site and Related Notification

The Regulations require that site notices be fixed at places that are conspicuous to the public at the boundary

or on the fence of the site where the activity to which the application relates is to be undertaken and on any

alternative site. Such notices are meant to notify the public of the project and to serve as invite for the public

to register as stakeholders in the process.


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Nali Sustainability Solutions erected site notices at two locations around the perimeter of the site. The

position and sizes of these notices complied with the provisions in the Regulations. Also, the adjacent land

owners/occupiers, the ward councillor and government departments and state organs were given the

requisite notices and afforded the opportunity to participate in the process.

Advertising

In accordance with the requirements of the Regulations, the project was advertised in the Citizen Newspaper.

I&AP were invited to register their interest in the project, to review the Draft Scoping Report and to provide

comments as appropriate.

Briefing Document

A Background Information Document (BID) for the project was compiled to provide an outline of the project,

details of the EIA process and how I&AP could participate in the process. The BID was distributed to potential

I&APs including adjacent land owners/occupiers.

Issues and Response Report

Issues and concerns raised in the public participation process were compiled into an issues and response

report. The report was included in the final scoping report submitted to GDARD.

Public Review of the Draft Scoping Report

All the notices and adverts informed the I&AP of the availability of the Draft Scoping Report and the Plan of

Study for EIA at www.nalisustainabilitysolutions.co.za and invited them to access and review it.

Authority Consultation

In addition to notifying and requesting comments from organs of state which have jurisdiction in respect of

aspects of the proposed activity, specific consultation with GDARD in the manner described below was

undertaken.

• Submission of an application for authorisation

• Acceptance of the application and allocation of activity specific reference number;

• Submission of Draft Scoping Report;

• Acceptance of Scoping Report and PoS for EIA, followed by comments from GDARD.

Final Environmental Scoping Report

Comments received were addressed and/or incorporated into the Final Scoping Report. The final report was

made available on EAP’s website to all Registered I&AP. The report was also submitted to GDARD for

decision-making.

http://www.nalisustainabilitysolutions.co.za/


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PUBLIC PARTICIPATION DURING THE EIR PHASE

Notices and Advertising

The availability of the Draft EIA Report has been advertised in the Citizen Newspaper. In addition, notices

have been placed on site to notify and invite I&AP to register and review the Draft EIA Report and to provide

comments as appropriate.

Public Review of the Draft EIR

The Draft EIR has been published on the EAP website and to provide I&AP with an opportunity to review and

comment on the report during the public participation process.

Organs of state and authority consultation

Copies of the report have been provided to the municipality and DWS. Other relevant organs of state will be

notified of the availability of the report and directed to access the electronic versions on the website. At the

same time copies of the report have been submitted to the GDARD for review.

Issues and Response Report

All comments and issues raised during the public participation process will be addressed and incorporated

into the final Report.

Environmental Authorisation and Notifications

On receipt of the environmental authorisation, an email will be sent out to inform stakeholders and

Registered I&APs of the authorisation, its associated conditions and the provisions for the appeal process.


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7.0 FINDINGS OF SPECIALIST STUDIES

This section presents the key findings from specialists’ assessments conducted. These were essential in

informing the proposed development as well as the impacts likely to occur from or on the proposed activity.

The specialists’ reports are included in Appendix 3.

ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Assessments that fulfil the requirements in NEMA (1998) and the associated regulations as well as the

GDARD Requirements for Biodiversity Assessments, 2014 were undertaken. All relevant databases such as

the NFEPA, SANBI and GDARD C-Plan V3 have been analysed.

Floral Species of Conservation Concern

No SCC were recorded during both surveys. The disturbed nature of the habitat is considered unsuitable for plant SCC within the study area. Overall and based on the vegetation analysis and the observations made during the survey it is evident that the area currently shows some functional ecological value (especially wetland systems), but not to the degree of providing habitat for plant SCC. It should be noted that both Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Boophone disticha has been recorded within 250 m west of the study area. Both these species are Orange Listed species according to GDARD C-Plan v3.3 (GDARD, 2014), and if located on the study area where development will impact them, it is required to be removed and relocated as determined by GDARD.

Cumulative Impacts on flora species

The study area is situated within an urban setting. The site has been subject to anthropogenic disturbances

as result of historic activities. Therefore, the floral ecology has been severely affected by historic activities

resulting in the degradation and transformation of the Egoli Granite Grassland Vegetation type. The

proposed development will, therefore, result in further transformation of the floral ecology, habitat and

diversity of the area.

Further, the development will transform part of the remaining open space thereby contributing to hardened

surfaces in the region. This is likely to increase stormwater flow into the wetland systems, increase in

pollution of adjacent wetlands and climatic and ecological corridor provided by the site.

Faunal Species of Conservation Concern

Through the assessment of faunal characteristics of the site (habitat potential, connectivity to surrounding intact habitats, evidence of the presence of faunal species etc.) as well as applying the basic assessment study performed in conjunction with the aforementioned faunal references, no faunal “trigger” species were identified. A list of fauna SCC that could potentially occur within in the study area is indicated in below. Table 9: SCC previously recorded within the 2628AA QDS


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Cumulative Impacts on faunal species

The proposed development will contribute to loss of habitat adding further stress on faunal species within

urbanized environments. This will lead to the displacement of faunal species currently inhabiting these areas,

pushing them into the remaining vegetated areas along the watercourse and other adjacent areas thus

resulting in an increase in competition for territories, breeding sites and food resources. There will likely be

an increase of mortality rates, resulting in a decreased species abundance and possible further loss of species

diversity.

Overall Sensitivity

Based on the fauna and flora assessments each habitat type was evaluated in terms of its ecological sensitivity. This sensitivity is rated as either low, medium or high, where low sensitivity is considered ideal for development and high sensitivity areas are to be avoided by potential development. The habitat sensitivity is illustrated below. The overall sensitivity can be summarised as follows:

• The overall sensitivity is defined as being mostly low, due to a highly disturbed and transformed system which is not characteristic of the vegetation type.

• The presence of watercourses within the development footprint present suitable habitat for both aquatic and terrestrial species, and act as a corridor in an already transformed and fragmented landscape. The sensitivity is indicated as either moderate but mostly high. Areas considered to be contaminated by previous activities were excluded as high as they no longer serve a functional role and act as pollution zones which should rather be developed on in order to contain it.

Figure 33: Overall habitat sensitivity

SITE


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WETLAND ASSESSMENT

A wetland delineation and assessment exercise was conducted for the Greater Highlands Precinct area which includes the site. The historical activities on the site span more than 80 years of significant human impact in the form of industrial activities, waste disposal on dumps and through irrigation across large swathes of land, alteration of the watercourses with weirs, dams and channels and establishment of explosive storage infrastructure with extensive footprints. The investigation was conducted through dovetailing the site survey with a land contamination assessment as many of the polluted areas fall into hydrologically significant landscape positions. The watercourse areas were found to be characterised by erosion and soils of the Dundee form (orthic A /stratified alluvium). The vegetation signatures are completely altered for the bulk of the site – as was expected from several decades of human influence, waste material spillage and irrigation with high nutrient effluent water. The human influences comprise the main drivers of the flow regime and water quality drivers. The varied nature of the vegetation and the fact that the vegetation structure and original communities have been changed by eutrophication and long-term irrigation means that the vegetation can only be used to confirm current permanent wetland zones. These zones, within the watercourses, have also undergone distinct alteration through regular channelling, erosion in some areas, accumulation of high levels of sulphate, phosphate and nitrate within the sediment as well as regular opening of vegetated watercourses through the excavation of sediment in the form of opened channels. Within the context of the historical modifiers, the topography of the site, the investigation of the area, the pollution plumes and the expected soils in the modified areas, the study provided the wetland delineation taking into account current wetland signatures in the area. As most of the watercourses and depressions have elevated levels of sulphate, phosphate and nitrate the study proposed a rehabilitation plan that makes provision for dedicated treatment and containment interventions. As the interventions will invariably encroach on buffer zones a dedicated 30m functional buffer was proposed.

Figure 34: Aluminium sulphate dams and valley bottom wetlands


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Wetland PES

The assessment established that It was extremely difficult to assign a PES value to the system as a whole or even to sections of the wetlands on the site. In general, all the watercourse and wetlands show significant signs of alteration and degradation but these systems have developed their own dynamics. The entire system has PES values of a D and lower. However, it is critical that a dedicated rehabilitation plan be generated to tie the wetlands and watercourses into the proposed future development in such a manner that the PES, or new reference state measurement, is of such a grade that the site is characterised by effective water quality and flow regime management with adequate provision for habitat and biota parameters.

Wetlands Rehabilitation

For the Greater Highlands Area, an integrated approach where stormwater management, ground movement

of contaminates and the rehabilitation of wetlands must be adopted. The process of characterisation of soils

contaminates and stormwater management for the area is ongoing. When sufficient information is available,

an appropriate rehabilitation plan shall be finalised for implementation.

SITE CONTAMINATION- GROUND WATER AND SOILS

The site falls within a designated “spraying area”. Whilst “effluent irrigation is no longer practiced”, irrigation with “industrial effluent water high in nitrate, phosphate and sulphate” previously occurred (TSS, 2017). The development site was found to have elevated levels of nitrates. It is believed that the former irrigation represents the most likely source. Similar to fluoride, in the wider context of the proposed development nitrate is not considered to represent a significant source of risk given an overall average concentration (~73.6mg/kg) far below its SSL (120mg/kg), although again above background. Although no visual or olfactory evidence of contamination was noted during the intrusive works, analysed

soil samples recorded localised impacts related to a number of metals as well as both fluoride and nitrate.

Whilst above background, the magnitude of demonstrated impacts does not represent a significant source

of risk to human health and/or the aquatic environment in the context of the intended development and

when taking cognisance of the SSVs as published under GN R.331 of 2014.

In terms of the above, a precautionary approach should be adopted during earthworks. In the event of visual

or olfactory observations of any unforeseen impacts, or the encountering of relic waste materials or other

abnormal inclusions, appropriate confirmatory sampling and analysis should be undertaken to ensure

appropriate material management. At this stage the need for active remedial works is not envisaged.

The Aluminium Sulphate ponds constitute existing licensed waste disposal site in terms of Water Use License

No 03/A21C/ABCFGI/1384, dated 19/09/2011. A Characterisation and Rehabilitation/Remediation plan is

being prepared for appropriate management measures for the site.

AIR QUALITY CONDITIONS

The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, SO2 and NO2 concentrations and daily dustfall rates are within the

regulated limits this kind of development.

VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The proposed development will change the visual appearance of the proposed development site permanently. However, a high degree of visual absorption capacity exists by virtue of existing and new developments.


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The significance of visual impact is low given the high degree of transformation in the landscape, the lack of scenic visual resources and the visual absorption capacity in places. Existing processes in the landscape can continue apart from the mining activities.

Mitigation measures relate to architectural design and blending in of buildings with similar developments in

the visual landscape.

CULTURAL AND HERITAGE RESOURCES

There are no known sites on the specific land parcel, although some were identified in the study area during

the assessment. From a Cultural Heritage point of view, the development can continue, taking into

consideration the mitigation measures proposed.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

The design of stormwater management system has been informed by, among others:

• The standards set by the Johannesburg Environment and Infrastructure Services Department (EISD).

• The Stormwater Management Bylaws published by the City of Johannesburg in 2010 and the Draft

Stormwater Design Manual published by the City in 2020 in accordance with those bylaws.

• The Catchment Management Strategy for the Modderfontein area.

• The conditions within the development site and surrounding environment.

In complying the requirements from the above, the philosophy applied in the proposed stormwater system

aims to:

• Meet appropriate safety standards.

• Match the management objectives set by the City of Johannesburg (COJ) to ensure that the post-

development peak discharge, and volume, frequency and quality of runoff match the natural (pre-

development) characteristics at the points of discharge from development areas.

• Wherever possible implement water sensitive urban drainage systems (WSUDS).

• As far as possible maintain the natural down slope flow of shallow groundwater and the recharge of

the existing hillslope wetlands.

• Maintain or improve runoff water quality.

The proposed system will include stomwater attenuation facilities, with one such facility located between

the Aluminium Sulphate ponds and the Modderfontein Reserve. Discharge from this facility will spread the

stormwater to keep discharge velocities below 0.6 m/s to prevent erosion. Other facilities will include swales

next to internal roads and semi-wet ponds from where water will be harvested.

GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS

The site falls into four zones, Zones A, B, C and D. Zone A class as “R”, whilst both Zones B and C class as

“S2/R” and Zone D class as “P(Marshy/S2/R”, in accordance with the NHBRC classification system. Below

were the key findings and recommendations of the assessment.

Ground water

No groundwater seepage was encountered within the majority of the test holes except for the slight seepage

encountered within test hole TH52, representing the marshy area. In addition, ferruginization was noted in

profile within the pedogenic and residual granodiorite horizons which indicates a fluctuating groundwater

table occurrence in the historical past. Therefore, proper surface run-off and subsurface drainage including

damp proofing must form part of the permanent works.


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Slope stability

The sidewalls of the majority of the test holes appeared to be completely safe and stable for the full duration

of the soil profiling process. However, sidewall stability can worsen drastically if water is to be encountered

in excavations, albeit in the form of a perched water table, damaged water pipes or poor surface water run-

off. Therefore, excavation sides deeper than say 1,5m must either be battered back to 1:1,5 (vertical:

horizontal) or shored; allowing safe working conditions for workers in these excavations. Composite lateral

support systems, typically comprising of combined reinforced shotcrete and passive soil nails should be

considered where deeper vertical and near vertical excavations are required.

Soil permeability and water movement

The soil characterisation assessment is currently being finalised. The outcome will assist in finalising the

stormwater management on site.

Soil aggressiveness and corrosivity

The pH and conductivity of soil is generally determined to get an indication of the potential corrosiveness of

the soil. The pH of a soil gives an indication of the acidity of the soil. As a general guideline, corrosion may

take place in soil with a pH of less than 6 and should the pH be less than 4.5, the problem may be seriousThe

study recommended the following:

• “Moderate” exposure condition be conservatively adopted as a minimum for concrete placed within

any of in-situ soils encountered, all in accordance with SANS 1200G: Concrete (Structural), especially

should the variable degree of corrosiveness be considered.

• subsurface services (non-concrete) should be treated to prevent possible damages due to corrosion.

Founding recommendations

Structural founding

Various structural founding options suitable to the site were put forward. These include the following:

Reinforced strip foundations – Single and double storey structures- reinforced concrete strip foundations be

placed within the pebblemarker transported, partly developed ferricrete, pedogenic, reworked residual

granodiorite and residual granodiorite with in-situ soil consistencies of medium dense and better for single

storey structures and medium dense to dense and better for double storey structures.

Conventional reinforced pad foundations combined with reinforced concrete groundbeams- Three and four

storey structures consistencies of very dense and better, should the allowable bearing capacity requirement

be limited to 250kPa, or VERY SOFT ROCK AND HARDER, fully developed hardpan ferricrete, pedogenic or

granodiorite bedrock. The minimum allowable bearing capacity of the VERY SOFT ROCK, hardpan or

granodiorite can be taken as 300kPa.

Engineered fill combined with reinforced strip foundations- Single and double storey structures only- An

engineered soil mattress, comprising of 150mm thick G7 minimum quality (in-situ and/or commercially

imported), engineered layers and compacted to 95% of Mod AASHTO may be constructed prior to shallow

foundation construction.

Micro-piled foundations-Two, three and four storey structures- Pre-drilled, driven cast in-situ bulbous base

micro-piles may be considered as an alternative for the proposed structure.


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8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

This section provides the details of the methodology used for assessing the significance of impacts emanating

from the activity. The criterion for determining impact is in accordance with the provisions of Appendix 3 of

the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014. The level of detail described in the EIA

regulations were fine-tuned by assigning specific values to each impact.

In order to objectively assess the impacts, it was deemed appropriate to establish a rating system, to be

applied consistently to all the criteria. For such purposes each aspect was assigned a value ranging from

one (1) to four (4) depending on its definition. The tables below provide a summary of the criteria and the

rating scales used in the assessment of potential impacts.

DESCRIPTION OF NATURE AND SCALE OF IMPACTS

The table below provides a brief description of the terms used to assess the impact of the proposed activity

on the environment.

Table 10: Nature, extent, duration, probability and significance of impact

• Nature: classification of whether the impact is positive or negative, direct or indirect.

• Extent: spatial scale of impact and classified as: o Site: the impacted area is the whole or significant portion of the site. o Local: Within a radius of 2 km of the construction site. o Regional: the impacted area extends to the immediate, surrounding and neighbouring properties. o National: the impact can be considered to be of national significance.

• Duration: Indicates what the lifetime of the impact will be and is classified as: o Short term: The impact will either disappear with mitigation or will be mitigated through natural process in a span shorter

than the construction phase. o Medium term: The impact will last for the period of the construction phase, where after it will be entirely negated. o Long term: The impact will continue or last for the entire operational life of the development but will be mitigated by

direct human action or by natural processes thereafter. The only class of impact which will be non-transitory. o Permanent: Mitigation either by man or natural process will not occur in such a way or in such a time span that the impact

can be considered transient.

• Intensity: Describes whether an impact is destructive or benign; o Low: Impact affects the environment in such a way that natural, cultural and social functions and processes are not

affected. o Moderate: Affected environment is altered, but natural, cultural and social functions and processes continue albeit in a

modified way. o High: Natural, cultural and social functions and processes are altered to extent that they temporarily cease. o Very High: Natural, cultural and social functions and processes are altered to extent that they permanently cease.

• Probability: Describes the likelihood of an impact actually occurring: o Improbable: Likelihood of the impact materialising is very low o Possible: The impact may occur o Highly Probable: Most likely that the impact will occur o Definite: Impact will certainly occur.

• Significance: Based on the above criteria the significance of issues was determined. The total number of points scored for each impact indicates the level of significance of the impact, and is rated as: o Low: the impacts are less important. o Medium: the impacts are important and require attention; mitigation is required to reduce the negative impacts. o High: the impacts are of great importance. Mitigation is therefore crucial.


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• Cumulative: In relation to an activity, means the impact of an activity that in itself may not be significant but may become significant when added to the existing and potential impacts eventuating from similar or diverse activities or undertakings in the area.

• Mitigation: Where negative impacts are identified, mitigation measures (ways of reducing impacts) have been identified. An indication of the degree of success of the potential mitigation measures is given per impact.

CRITERIA FOR RATING OF IMPACTS

This describes the criteria used and the significance rating of the impacts.

Table 11: Criteria for rating of impacts

Criteria for the rating of impacts

Criteria Description

Extent National Regional Local Site

Duration Permanent Long-term Medium-term Short-term

Intensity Very high High Moderate Low

Probability Definite Highly probable Possible Improbable

Points allocation 4 3 2 1

Significance Rating of identified impacts

Impact Points Description

Low 4-6 A low impact has no permanent impact of significance. Mitigation measures are feasible and are readily instituted as part of a standing design, construction or operating procedure.

Medium 7-9 Mitigation is possible with addition+al design and construction inputs.

High 10 12 The design of the site may be affected. Mitigation and possible remediation are needed during the construction and/or operational phases. The effects of the impact may affect the broader environment.

Very high 13-16 The design of the site may be affected. Mitigation and possible remediation are needed during the construction and/or operational phases. The effects of the impact may affect the broader environment.

Status Perceived effect of the impact

Positive (+) Beneficial impact

Negative (-) Adverse impact

Negative impacts are shown with a (-) while positive ones are indicated as (+)

ASSESSMENT OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS

The environmental issues relating to the physical, biological, economic social and institutional/legal

framework have been identified in the body of the report. The section below assesses the beneficial and

adverse effects of the proposed activity


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Assessment on Impacts during the Construction Phase

Biophysical Environment-

Table 12: Assessment of impacts on biophysical environment during construction

Source of impact Potential impact Impact Significance before mitigation

Mitigation measures Impact Significance

after mitigation PL AL PSL ASL P- Preferred, A- Alternative, L- Layout, S-Stormwater PL AL PSL ASL

Impacts on Flora

• Site clearing and the removal of sensitive habitat, particularly relating to the loss of primary grassland and habitat for floral SCC

• Construction activities resulting in the removal and destruction of the potential floral SCC occurring within the study area.

• Increased human movement and hardened infrastructure

• Loss of threatened, near threatened and endemic taxa:

• Loss of some of the natural habitats that support endemic species.

• Displacement of endemic listed flora.

• Spread of alien plants.

• Distubilisation of habitats due to excavations

- - - • Any disturbances to the intermediate sensitive floral habitat must be actively avoided. Except for infrastructure, the Freshwater Resource and its associated regulatory zones should be excluded from the development. This area must be cordoned off during the construction phase; -

• Although no floral SCC was recorded during the site assessment, the following is recommended:

- During the surveying and site-pegging phase of surface infrastructure, a walkdown of the area must be done to ensure that any floral SCC, if encountered, be rescued and relocation outside of the development footprint;

- All possible SCC individuals situated within the development footprint should be rescued and either relocated to: o Suitable similar habitat within the study area but

outside the development footprint, should this habitat unit be excluded from the development,

o Used within the landscaping plan of the development or

o Relocated to a registered nursery, the ARC or SANBI;

- - -


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surfaces within the study area.

• It should be noted that should SCC individuals be removed from the study area to an area not listed above, permits might be required from the GDARD, and

• The rescue and relocation plan should be overseen by a suitably qualified specialist;

• No collection of indigenous or medicinal floral species must be allowed by construction personnel.

• Edge effect control to be implemented to prevent degradation and potential loss of vegetation outside of the proposed development footprint area;

• Appropriate sanitary facilities must be provided and all waste removed to an appropriate waste facility;

• No dumping of waste on site should take place. Waste disposal containers and bins to be provided for all waste;

• Any spillages must be immediately cleaned up. In the event of a breakdown, maintenance of vehicles must take place with care and the recollection of spillage should be practiced preventing the ingress of hydrocarbons into the topsoil,

• Informal fires by personnel should be prohibited, and no uncontrolled fires whatsoever should be allowed;

• Removal of vegetation should be restricted to what is absolutely necessary;

• Alien vegetation, must be removed during both the construction and operational phases, with specific mention of Category 1b and 2 species in line with the NEMBA Alien and Invasive Species Regulations (2016);

• Edge effects of all activities, such as erosion and alien and invasive plant species proliferation need to be strictly managed; and

• Upon completion of construction activities, indigenous grassland species be used to revegetate the disturbed area.

Impacts on Fauna


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• Excavations leading to increased runoff and sedimentation of wetland habitat

• Collision of faunal species with construction vehicles

• Potential hunting/trapping/killing of faunal species by construction personnel

• Mobilisation of pollutants

• Dumping of material outside designated areas

• Loss of faunal habitat, species and faunal SCC

• Spread of pollutants resulting in contamination and reduction in habitats

- - - • The footprint of the proposed development must be fenced/ demarcated off to prevent vegetation clearing and footprint creep into the sensitive freshwater habitat;

• No new access roads should be constructed crossing over the freshwater habitat;

• Vegetation clearance and commencement of construction activities should either be scheduled to coincide with low rainfall conditions when erosive stormwater is anticipated to be limited or alternatively stormwater controls must be established at the start of construction and dust suppression implemented;

• Revegetation of disturbed areas that form part of the proposed open space areas should be carried out in order to restore habitat availability and minimise soil erosion and surface water runoff;

• When rehabilitating disturbed areas, it is recommended that natural indigenous vegetation be used so that faunal species that were displaced by vegetation clearing activities are able to utilise and inhabit these areas;

• Removal/ cutting down of large indigenous trees (>2.5m) within the riparian areas should be avoided as these are considered important for avifauna, and cannot be readily replaced through rehabilitation;

• Spills and /or leaks from construction equipment must be immediately remedied and cleaned up so as to ensure that these chemicals do not enter into the soil later or freshwater habitat;

• Each construction team/site should have an individual that has undergone a snake handling course so as to safely catch and release any snakes within the site;

• Construction personnel are to be informed and educated with about general faunal species that may

- - -

•


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be encountered on site, notably of snakes. Personnel are to be instructed that if encountered they are not to kill the faunal species but let them either move off on their own or call the nominated construction personnel who is to safely catch and release the snake;

• No hunting/trapping or collecting of faunal species is allowed;

• Should any faunal SCC be encountered/observed during construction activities in that area are to be halted and a biodiversity specialist consulted to determine the best way forward;

• Alien vegetation, must be removed during both the construction and operational phases, with specific mention of Category 1b and 2 species in line with the NEMBA Alien and Invasive Species Regulations (2016);

• Edge effects of all activities, such as erosion and alien and invasive plant species proliferation need to be strictly managed; and

Geology and soils

• Clearance of vegetation.

• Rainfall/ stormwater and inadequate drainage.

• Leakages and spillages of chemicals /polluting material

• Trenching for stormwater infrastructure

• Construction of the sewer line

• Destabilisation of surface geology and soil as a result of excavations and heavy loads;

• Destabilisation of the aluminium ponds.

• Erosion, degradation and loss of topsoil due to construction activities as well as stormwater runoff;

- - - • Site disturbances must be limited to areas where structures will be constructed. Cleared areas to be effectively stabilised to prevent and control erosion. Excess rocks and boulders can be used for erosion protection.

• Stormwater management plan to be implemented.

• Areas susceptible to erosion must be protected by installing the necessary protective materials.

• Any tunnels or erosion channels developing during the construction period shall be backfilled and compacted.

• Suitable excavated material is to be stockpiled next to excavations for use as backfill. Excess material from excavations and construction rubble must be appropriately disposed of.

• Soil stockpiles must be situated away from drainage

- - -


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• Soil disturbance and erosion leading to sedimentation of the wetland.

• Top soil washed away or polluted

areas. Soil from the excavation for bio-retention ponds to be stockpiled upward slope of the excavations.

• Dry chemicals to be stored on an impervious surface protected from rainfall and storm water run-off.

• Spill kits should be on-hand to deal with spills immediately.

• Spillages or leakages must be treated according to an applicable procedure as determined by a plan of action for the specific type of disturbance.

• All construction vehicles should be inspected for oil and fuel leaks regularly and frequently. Vehicle maintenance will not be done without mobile drip trays to capture any spills. Drip trays should be emptied into a holding tank and returned to the supplier.

• Measures to be put in place to prevent soil loss as well as stabilisation of loose soils on stream crossings.

Impact on Wetlands and water resources

• Site clearing and removal of vegetation

• Excavations leading to exposure and soil disturbance

• Earthworks and the disturbance of soils leading to altered habitat

• Streamflow diversion resulting in inundation of upstream areas

• Disturbed soils

• Loss of habitat and ecological structure.

• Changes to ecological and sociocultural service provision.

• impacts on hydrological function and sediment balance

• Increased runoff and erosion leading to sedimentation of the wetland.

• Increased sedimentation of

- - - - • Demarcate areas and ensure that vegetation clearing and indiscriminate vehicle driving occurs within demarcated areas;

• Minimize construction footprints prior to commencement of the construction and control the edge effects from construction activities;

• As far as possible, all construction activities should occur in the low flow season, during the drier months. During construction use techniques which support the hydrology and sediment control functions of the wetland;

• The sewer line construction area and construction yard must be clearly mapped and set-up before construction;

• Use sandbags to temporarily divert flow and prevent erosion where required;


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resulting in sediment deposition into the riparian areas during runoff

• Possible indiscriminate driving through the wetland by construction vehicles.

• Removal of topsoil and creation of topsoil stockpiles.

• Spillage from construction vehicles

the wetland leading to smothering of wetland vegetation and potentially altering surface water quality.

• Decreased ecoservice provision.

• Damage to wetland vegetation, leading to exposed/compacted soils, in turn leading to increased runoff and erosion.

• Further decreased ability to support biodiversity.

• Increased alien vegetation proliferation, and in turn to altered wetland habitat.

• Altered runoff patterns, leading to increased erosion and sedimentation of the wetland.

• Impeded flow of surface water

• Contamination of

• Stream diversions must at no time lead to upstream ponding and inundation or lead to downstream erosion;

• Any construction-related waste must not be placed in the vicinity of the riparian areas;

• Upon completion of the construction phase the disturbed area should be rehabilitated through reprofiling and revegetation

• Desilt all riparian areas affected by construction activities;

• Areas which are to be cleared of vegetation, including contractor laydown areas, must remain as small as possible, in order to reduce the risk of proliferation of alien vegetation, and in order to retain a level of protection to the buffer zone surrounding the wetland. Contractor laydown areas are to remain outside of the delineated wetland and bufferzone;

• Protect exposed soils by means of geotextile such as hessian sheeting;

• Sediment control measures must be implemented at the edge of the bufferzone to prevent sedimentation of the wetland as a result of site clearing activities.

• Work areas within the wetland and associated buffer area are to be clearly demarcated on site. A geotextile mesh could be used to demarcate the areas;

• No indiscriminate driving of vehicles through the wetland may be permitted. All vehicles must remain on existing road crossings and areas identified for the purpose;

• Stockpiling of soils for open trenching can be stockpiled alongside the trench, on the upgradient side of the wetland to ensure no excessive sediment is washed into the downgradient portion of the wetland;

• Suitable waste disposal facilities should be provided.


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soils and wetlands from spillages

These facilities should be located outside of the delineated wetlands or associated GDARD setback, should be safety cordoned off and be out of sight (where possible) in order to limit the visual impact;

• Chemicals must be stored in appropriate containers in designated areas. Any spillages must be removed as soon as possible and disposed of at a registered land fill site;

• Contractor’s camp, storage areas and sanitary areas must be kept outside of the buffer zone. These sites must be kept tidy, in good condition and sanitary throughout the whole project. Refuse bins must be cleaned/ emptied and the waste must be removed at regular intervals in order to ensure capacity is always available;

• A minimum of 1 chemical toilet per 10 individuals must be provided. All portable toilets must be secured to the ground to prevent them from toppling and should be located at least 50m away from the water course to prevent inadvertent sewage contamination of the freshwater resources;

Contamination of the environment

• Spillages of hydrocarbons and other chemicals.

• Ineffective management of construction related waste and pollution control.

• Disturbance of soils and wetland/stream

• Contamination and pollution of soils, surface and groundwater resources

• Liberation/ mobilisation of contaminants

- - - • Construction vehicles are to be maintained in good working order, to reduce the probability of leakage of fuels and lubricants

• A walled concrete platform, dedicated store with adequate flooring or bermed area should be used to accommodate chemicals such as fuel, oil, paint, herbicide and insecticides, as appropriate, in well-ventilated areas. Sufficient care must be taken when handling these materials to prevent spillages;

• Surface water draining off contaminated areas containing oil and petrol would need to be channelled

- - - -


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towards a sump which will separate these chemicals and oils.

• Oil residue shall be treated with oil absorbent such as Drizit or similar and this material removed to an approved waste site.

• Storm water shall not be allowed to flow through the batching area. Cement sediment shall be removed from time to time and disposed of in a manner as instructed by the Site Engineer.

• All construction materials susceptible to spillage is to be stored in appropriate structures with impermeable flooring;

• Proper waste receptacles and removal and disposal of waste to take place on site;

• Footprint for installation of services and construction of infrastructure within wetlands to be limited to the minimum required.

• No disturbance of wetland outside of the construction area.

Socio-economic impacts

Table 13: Assessment of socio-economic impacts during construction

Source of impact Potential impact Impact Significance before mitigation

Mitigation measures Impact Significance

after mitigation PL AL 2 PS AS3 LA 1 LA 2 LA3

Noise

• Ground works/clearance;

• Excavation/Foundations;

• Building activities;

• Increase in noise generated by construction activities.

• Noise from blasting and drilling activities

- - - • Construction down time to be observed from 17h00 to 07h00 daily, public holidays and over weekends. Work hours must be strictly enforced unless permission is given by the relevant authority and ECO for work to take place outside of the designated time. Permission must not be granted

- - --


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• Transportation of building material to and from the construction site;

• Blasting activities;

• Assembling of equipment /machinery and building works.

• Noise from vehicular traffic.

• Noise from machinery on site.

without consultation with adjacent residents and landowners/occupiers.

• Adjacent properties/occupiers must be notified in writing 24 hours prior to any planned activities that will be unusually noisy or any other activities that could reasonably have an impact on the adjacent sites. These activities could include, but are not limited to, blasting, piling, use of pneumatic jack-hammers and compressors, bulk demolitions.

• All construction vehicles must be in a good working order to reduce possible noise pollution.

• Noise reduction measures including limiting unnecessary/controllable noise, especially loud radios, sirens or hooters, motor revving, etc to be implemented.

• Any blasting activities must be undertaken under strict control and must be authorised as required.

• The conditions as set out in the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1993 must be adhered to especially where noise levels will exceed 85 Db.

Vehicular movement and safety

• Construction vehicles moving to and from the site using the local road network

• Increase in vehicular traffic in local roads leading to impeded traffic flow;

• Destruction of local access road due to use by heavy vehicles;

• Disturbances on areas outside of construction area due to construction vehicles using unauthorized access roads.

- - - • Vehicular movement beyond the site boundaries must be limited during peak hour traffic, i.e. between 07:00-09:00am, and 16:00-18:00pm;

• Access roads must be clearly identified and marked. The contractor must ensure that all construction vehicles accessing the site only utilise the designated route and access to the site;

• Enforce speed limits at all times on all external access roads. Unless otherwise specified, the speed limit on construction roads is 50km/h;

• Allow for safe pedestrian and cycling access and crossing where necessary.;

- - - -


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• Ensure adequate and appropriate warning signage for construction vehicles turning at the main entrance/exit;

• Where necessary, traffic controllers must be positioned at strategic points along the access road to ensure minimum disruption of traffic by construction vehicles.

Dust pollution

• Construction activities including vegetation clearance and ground levelling.

• Dust from blasting activities.

• Vehicular movement on construction roads

Dust generation and pollution which would affect adjacent developments as a result of construction activities and vehicles on site.

- - - • Dust emissions must be kept low at all times and dust suppression measures such as water spraying should be implemented regularly on areas of the construction site associated with high dust emissions.

• The dust fall rates from blasting operations should be kept within acceptable dust fall rates limit (<600 mg/m2/day, 30-days average) published in the National Dust Control Regulations, 2013

• Dispersive material in trucks should be dampened or covered.

- - -

Visual integrity

• Site clearing, including the removal of topsoil and vegetation leading to higher visual contrast with the surrounding

• Intrusive impact due to construction

• Landscape character and sense of place.

• Visual intrusion and VAC

• Visual exposure and visibility.

• Impacts due to night time lighting

- - - • Site offices and temporary structures should be limited to single storey and situated at such a location so as to reduce visual intrusion;

• The construction site should be demarcated and screened with a solid material in order to limit visual impact on passing motorists and residential in a direct line of site of the development.

• Where infrastructure is sited within view of visually sensitive areas, it must be placed as far away as possible or within lower-lying areas where it may be screened by topography. Where full screening of infrastructure components is not possible, siting

- - -


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activities and infrastructure including access roads

• Altered the landscape area during site sloping activities

should take advantage of partial screening opportunities, such as vegetation, or making use of a colour palette that will blend into the surrounding landscape.

• Where possible, existing vegetation be retained during the construction phase to act as visual screens, with particular reference to existing tall trees and larger shrubs, with care also taken to retain vegetation along the site boundaries;

• Where possible, existing natural vegetation is to be retained during the construction and operational phases of the project and incorporated into the concurrent site rehabilitation especially in line of sight from sensitive receptors;

• Roadside vegetation and use of tall trees should be incorporated into landscaping plans of the proposed development Screening by vegetation will become effective once the vegetation has grown to 8m in height.

• Erosion, which may lead to increased levels of visual contrast and further detract from the visual environment, must be prevented throughout the lifetime of the project by means of putting soil stabilisation measures in place where required and through concurrent rehabilitation.

• Dust suppression must take place during the construction phase of the development;

• Outdoor lighting must be strictly controlled;

• Low-level lighting or limiting mounting heights of lighting fixtures or utilising foot-light or bollard level lights is recommended. The use of high light masts and high pole top security lighting should be avoided along the periphery of the development.


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Any high lighting masts should be covered to reduce glow and light spillage;

• Use of minimum lumen or wattage in light fixtures

Waste management

• Construction waste

• Waste from construction material packaging

• Waste from dumped material

• Contamination of the site with general and hazardous waste.

• General waste produced on site includes: Office waste; Operational waste (clean steel, wood, glass); and General domestic waste (food, cardboards, paper, bottles, tins).

• Contamination or pollution of or effluent release into surface water, groundwater, rivers and other nearby hydrological or ecological systems with general and hazardous waste.

- - - - • The contractor shall provide sufficient closed containers on site, as well as waste skips, which must be placed in the crew camp, to handle the amount of litter, wastes, and builder’s wastes generated on site.

• Containers shall be emptied once weekly by a licensed waste contractor and disposed of at a registered landfill site. No solid waste or any materials used may be disposed of on site. Littering is strictly prohibited and appropriate receptacles should be made available within the construction site.

• No construction waste must be dumped in surrounding areas, and all waste illegally dumped on site must be removed and disposed at a registered landfill site.

• All building waste generated during construction must be managed in terms of the Gauteng Building and Demolition Waste Guidelines, 2009 which prescribe a waste hierarchy approach to waste management.

• A suitable flat area must be designated for the temporary storage of all waste material from the construction site.

• Appropriate measures should be taken to divert stormwater away from the waste storage area.

• None re-usable/recyclable building rubble and solid material must be disposed at a registered waste facility.


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• The contractor must ensure all waste disposal certificates are kept on file for record purposes and as proof should these be required.

• Domestic waste generated on site during construction to be collected in waste skips. Waste skips containing food waste must be covered.

• Adequate on-site chemical sanitation systems (one toilet for every 10 workers) must be provided within walking distance to all construction workers.

• Solid construction waste not posing a pollution hazard should be used on site as backfill or aggregate material as much as possible. Should no backfilling material be required, this waste should either be taken to a recycling facility or disposed at a registered landfill facility.

• The burning of litter or waste on site is highly prohibited. Litter patrols must take place once a week to ensure the site as well as the property is kept free of litter.

• Waste shall be separated into recyclable and non-recyclable waste. Bins shall be clearly marked for ease of separation. The contractor must adhere to all the relevant laws and regulations applicable to the disposal of construction waste and rubble.

• No rubble or discarded building material should remain in a non-designated within the construction site for more than one week.

• An area must be designated for mixing of concrete, and must take place on an impervious surface such as concrete slab, metal, or plastic sheeting which is provided with cut-off drains or berms to contain any contaminated run-off.

• Contain water and slurry from cement and concrete mixing operations as well as from batching area


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wash bays. Direct such waste water into a settlement pond or sludge dam for later disposal.

• Liquid waste consists mainly of used oil, contaminated fuel, and lubricants, as well as waste paint etc. Liquid wastes must be collected in original containers and stored inside a surfaced or bunded storage area. The bunded surface area volume should be equal to 110% of the total volume of liquid stored.

• All hazardous solid and liquid waste to be disposed of at a class H:H registered landfill site only. All concrete that is spilled outside these areas must be promptly removed by the Contractor and taken to an approved dumpsite.

• After all the concrete mixing is complete all waste concrete must be removed from the batching area and disposed of at an approved dumpsite. No concrete residue is to be washed off into rivers, streams, or wetlands.

Health, safety and security

• Increase of people and vehicular movement in the area.

• Dangers posed by construction site.

• Workforce exposed to dangerous equipment

• Increase in crime in the area.

• Migration of job seekers into the area in search of employment.

• Accidents and threat to life in construction environment.

- - - • A fence will be constructed around the site prior to commencement of construction

• Access to the site must be limited to the workforce only. The development will have 24-hour access control and security;

• Proper signage within and around the construction to be erected to warn and provide guidance to the public;

• Accommodation for members of the workforce is not allowed unless permitted on site. Crew camps must not be located on exposed/elevated areas of the site;

• The Applicant will be in contact with the local security firms.

- - - -


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• The site and crew are to be managed in strict accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act No. 85 of 1993) and the National Building Regulations

• All structures that are vulnerable to high winds must be secured (including toilets).

• Potentially hazardous areas such as trenches are to be cordoned off and clearly marked at all times.

• The Contractor is to ensure traffic safety at all times and shall implement road safety precautions for this purpose when works are undertaken on or near public roads.

• Necessary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and safety gear appropriate to the task being undertaken is to be provided to all site personnel (e.g. hard hats, safety boots, masks etc.).

• All vehicles and equipment used on site must be operated by appropriately trained and / or licensed individuals in compliance with all safety measures as laid out in the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act No. 85 of 1993) (OHSA).

• An environmental awareness training programme for all staff members shall be put in place by the Contractor. Before commencing with any work, all staff members shall be appropriately briefed about the EMP and relevant occupational health and safety issues.

• All construction workers shall be issued with ID badges and clearly identifiable uniforms.

• Access to fuel and other equipment stores is to be strictly controlled.

• Emergency procedures must be produced and communicated to all the employees on site. This will ensure that accidents are responded to


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appropriately and the impacts thereof are minimised. This will also ensure that potential liabilities and damage to life and the environment are avoided.

• Adequate emergency facilities must be provided for the treatment of any emergency on the site.

• The nearest emergency service provider must be identified during all phases of the project as well as its capacity and the magnitude of accidents it will be able to handle. Emergency contact numbers are to be displayed conspicuously at prominent locations around the construction site and the construction crew camps at all times.

• The Contractor must have a basic spill control kit available at each construction crew camp and around the construction site. The spill control kits must include absorptive material that can handle all forms of hydrocarbon as well as floating blankets / pillows that can be placed on water courses.

• The Contractor shall make available safe drinking water fit for human consumption at the site offices and all other working areas.

• Washing and toilet facilities shall be provided on site and in the Contractors camp.

• Adequate numbers of chemical toilets must be maintained in the Contractors camp to service the staff using this area. At least 1 toilet must be available per 20 workers using the camp. Toilet paper must be provided.

• The chemical toilets servicing the camp must be maintained in a good state, and any spills or overflows must be attended to immediately.

Sites of cultural significance


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Excavations exposing artefacts and resources of cultural significance

• Destruction of artefacts and heritage resources

- - - - • If during construction any cultural heritage resources or graves are unearthed all work must be stopped until the site has been inspected and mitigated by a cultural heritage practitioner.

• Ensure that construction staff members are aware that heritage resources could be unearthed and the scientific importance of such finds.

• Ensure that heritage objects are not to be moved or destroyed without the necessary permits from the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) in place.

+ + + +

Employment opportunities and accruing economic activities

• Labour demands from construction activities

• Increase in number of people buying from local traders

• Additional employment opportunities resulting from construction works

• Increase in business/trade by local suppliers

+ + + + • Direct and indirect jobs and business opportunities will be created during the construction phase. Businesses in the material supply chain will also benefit.

• As far as is reasonably possible people from nearby communities especially with disadvantaged backgrounds must be employed by the contractor and sub-contractors.

• Skills transfer should be promoted where possible.

+ + + +

Assessment of Impacts during the Operation Phase

Table 14: Assessment of Impacts during the operation phase Source of impact Potential impact Impact Significance

before mitigation Mitigation measures Impact

Significance after mitigation

PL AL LPS ASL PL AL PSL ASL

Impacts on Flora

• Increased introduction and proliferation of alien plant species leading to further

Loss of floral habitat, species and SCC

- - - • All sensitive habitat excluded from the development, should remain demarcated used as defined;

• Ongoing alien and invasive plant monitoring and eradication/control should take place, and the

+ +


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transformation of remaining natural vegetation

• Increased littering as a result of more human activity, further altering floral habitat and diversity

• Inadequate rehabilitation of compacted soil areas leading to limited vegetation regrowth

• Inadequate implementation of a rehabilitation, management and maintenance plan leading to increased alien invasive plant proliferation and further loss of natural vegetation.

project perimeters should be regularly checked for alien and invasive plant proliferation as well as bush encroachment to prevent spread into surrounding natural areas;

• Indigenous vegetation should be used for landscaping of the project, maintenance and monitoring of garden ornamentals used in the landscaping should be included in the monitoring and maintenance plan to prevent the spread of such species to the sensitive habitat units excluded from the development;

• No indiscriminate disposal of waste must be permitted. Bins should be provided along the open space areas, to allow for disposal of waste. Bins should be emptied regularly and waste disposed of registered waste facilities;

• The rehabilitation of natural vegetation should proceed in accordance with a landscape plan compiled by a suitable specialist. This plan should consider all development phases of the project indicating rehabilitation actions to be undertaken during and once construction has been completed, ongoing rehabilitation during the operational phase of the project; and

• Walkways throughout the open spaces and conservation zones to be strategically placed and users forced to only use delineated walkway areas so as not to damage surrounding habitats.

Impacts on Fauna

• Ineffective rehabilitation leading to proliferation of alien plant species in the disturbed areas

• Loss of faunal habitat, species and faunal SCC

- - - • All sensitive habitat excluded from the development, should be protected and managed as part of the open space system;

• Open space areas are to be suitably planned and maintained with faunal species in mind. As such

- + -

• • •


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• Erosion stemming from bare soil areas leading to sedimentation.

• Footprint creep resulting in additional faunal habitat loss.

habitat for faunal species should be recreated using fallen tree stumps and rocks combined with indigenous vegetation. All plants used should be carefully selected so as to provide a suitable food resource to faunal species;

• No hunting/trapping or collecting of faunal species is allowed;

• Walkways throughout the open spaces (drainage line area) will be strategically placed and users will be enforced to only use delineated walkway areas so as not to damage surrounding habitats

• Landscaping guidelines which include an allowable indigenous vegetation list that attracts fauna is to be formulated and made a condition of sale

• Fencing of the development to allow for the passage of small animals

Impact on wetlands

• Incision and erosion of the riverbank where sewer line and roads cross the river.

• Inappropriate disposal of waste and litering.

• Increased impermeable surfaces and stormwater erosion.

• Poorly maintained stormwater, sewer pipeline and roads.

• Potential for increased proliferation of alien

• Altered water quality due to waste disposal.

• Pollution of riparian soils, groundwater and surface water

• Altered runoff patterns and increased water inputs to the wetland,

• Altered flow regime may lead to changed wetland zonation,

• Contamination of wetland or the associated aquatic habitat with

- - - - • No waste disposal is to be permitted within wetland areas or the associated NEMA zone of regulation & GDARD setback area. All waste is to be removed from the site and disposed of at a registered facility.

• Adequate stormwater management plan to be incorporated into the design of the development. Release of stormwater into the wetland must not result in further bank incision or erosion. Highly recommended that Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDs) be implemented.

• All wetland areas and associated buffer zones to be clearly demarcated on site, and, except for infrastructure services, and walkways, to remain off-limits to all non-essential use;

+ - + -


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floral species, leading to reduced ability to support biodiversity, and provide ecological services such as flood attenuation.

additional sewage effluent resulting in: - Increased concentration of salts, nitrate and toxic ammonia concentrations, as well as counts of Escheria coli - Potential eutrophication of the system, including anoxic conditions, leading to biodiversity simplification and the excess production of hydrogen sulphide gas as well as increased alien and invasive species encroachment.

• Sedimentation, erosion and pollution of the wetland,

• Any spills to be immediately cleaned up and treated accordingly. Ensuring that suitable wetland vegetation remains post construction to assist in filtering toxicants from stormwater runoff.

• Alien vegetation management plan to be developed and implemented. Incorporate indigenous terrestrial and wetland vegetation into landscape plan (if applicable);

• Stormwater discharge to flow slowly into the bufferzone without any erosion;

• The pipeline must be encased in concrete in appropriate medium and be raised across the stream, and pressure tested for integrity upon the completion of construction. It is recommended that the managing authority test the integrity of the pipeline at least once every five years or more often should there be any sign or reports of a leak. Should a blockage occur all possible steps are to be taken to prevent the pollution of the watercourse during repair, including the placement of sheeting around the manhole used for access as well as containment barrels for any effluent withdrawn. Should repair of the pipeline be required to address a leak, mitigation measures to be implemented;

• The pipeline to be maintained to limit possible failure and impact on the wetland.

Traffic congestion and safety

Increase in vehicular traffic in the area

• Increased number of vehicles on the local road network,

- - - • As per the Traffic Impact Study, the development to be subject to the completion of road infrastructure and upgrades;

+ + + +


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• In adequate road infrastructure catering for increase in traffic,

• Conflict in vehicular traffic, pedestrian movement and cyclist in the area.

• Access points to the site must be kept clear to allow for efficient flow in and out of the development.

• Enforce speed limits at all times on all external access roads.

• All requirements of local municipality to be adhered to

• Provision of pedestrian and cycle lanes in the vicinity of the development.

Visual Impact

• Altered land use character

• High intensity land use

• Night time lighting due to 24-hour office lighting.

• Landscape character and sense of place

• Visual intrusion and VAC

• Visual exposure and visibility.

• Impacts due to night time lighting

• Potential obstruction of flight zone by high cranes and buildings

- - - - • Architectural guidelines (including aspects of roof and wall finishes, colours, heights of buildings, and lighting), as well as Landscape Architectural guidelines (screening, buffering, functioning, aesthetics etc.) to be developed to promote the enhancement of this urban area and therefore creating new and valuable places with a modified and positive urban mixed-use sense of place that is vibrant and diverse

• Where possible, existing natural vegetation is to be retained and incorporated into the concurrent site rehabilitation especially in line of sight from sensitive receptors;

• Low-level lighting or limiting mounting heights of lighting fixtures or utilising foot-light or bollard level lights is recommended. The use of high light masts and high pole top security lighting should be avoided along the periphery of the development. Any high lighting masts should be covered to reduce glow and light spillage;

• Care should be taken when selecting luminaries to ensure that appropriate units are chosen and that their location will reduce spill light and glare to a minimum. Only “full cut-off” light fixtures that

+ + + +


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direct light only below the horizontal must be used on buildings


• Labour demands from cooperation activities

• Improved land attracting more taxes

• Increased market for goods and services

• Additional employment opportunities from the activities

• Increase in economic/business activity in the area

• Increase in property rates and taxes to the municipality

+ + + + Not mitigation measures but benefits accruing as a result of the project

• The greatest proportion of operational phase direct impacts (i.e. of the R6.73 billion in new business sales, of the R3.11 billion in additional GDP and of the 6 780 new employment opportunities) will accrue to the Tshwane metropolitan economy.

• If the proposed Mixed Use Development were not to occur, the economic and socio-economic benefits in terms of additional business sales, GGP, employment, as well as property rates, would be lost to the local, metropolitan and provincial economies.

+ + + +

Access to and improved infrastructure and socio-economic services in the area

Municipal services requirements

• Development of roads and engineering services.

• Access to residential and business services.

• Access to social infrastructure.

+ + + - • Infrastructure provisions to be in accordance with municipal requirements. This will lead to improved services due to infrastructure upgrades as part of the development;

• Business and economic facilities created within the precinct.

+ + + +

Improved tax base for local municipality

• Employment of workers during the operational phase – business sector, landscaping and maintenance, cleaning, teacher

• Decrease in unemployment and crimes related to unemployment

• BEE development opportunities

+ + + + • Local labour and employees to be made use of as far as possible for all aspects of the operational phase

• Local training and capacity building programmes

• BEE companies to be trained and involved in during the operational phase of the

+ + + +


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• Local demand for goods and services

• Increase in service delivery and number of erven

• Bulk Contributions

• Decrease in unemployment and empowerment of local trade and industry

• Increase in taxes raised on property

• Increased service provision and Improvement of infrastructure.

development – e.g. Management of retail facilities, maintenance, landscaping, etc.

• Local products, goods and services to be utilised as far as possible during the operational phase – shops, craft centre, etc.

Provision of residential units and associated services

Investment in housing development to meet increasing demand

• Different housing typologies provided in accordance with government policy

+ + + + Housing units provided that meet the Inclusionary Housing requirements

+ + + +

No-go Option

Table 15: Assessment of the No-Go option

Aspects or Nature of impact Implications Significance

Construction Phase

Biophysical aspects

Impact on Flora No construction and operations impact. However, degradation may continue given the extent of disturbance observed on site leading to loss of floral species

+

Impact on Fauna Although there will be no impacts induced by the development, degradation of the habitat may continue given the extent of disturbance observed on site

+

Geology and soils No disturbance of soils and erosion +

Impacts on wetland No development related impacts +

Contamination of the environment Continuation of the status quo with no rehabilitation measures -

Increase in invasive plants With no development, the rate of increase of invasive plants is expected to be slow. It will be required that the land owner manages the spread of these plants on a continuous basis.

-

Contamination of the environment Except through uncontrolled illegal activities, this impact will be avoided +

Socio-economic aspects


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Noise No noise generated in addition to existing levels

Traffic congestion and safety No additional traffic into the road system. The current situation will endure with no new roads or upgrades

-

Dust nuisance Without clearance of vegetation and excavations, dust nuisance will not be experienced

Visual impact The current status, open space will continue. Therefore, there will be no change in sense of place or introduction of buildings changing the visual character of the site

+

Waste management No waste generated. However, site has to be secured so that no dumping takes place.

Health, safety and security No concerns, however, site should not be used as refuge for nefarious activities. Further, existing contamination will not be addressed.

-

Sites of Historic and Cultural significance Status quo will persist


No opportunities created -

Access to and improved infrastructure No infrastructure provided. Access to such services to be found in alternative areas/sites -

Operational phase

Impacts on Fauna and Flora No disturbances to the habitats, however, alien vegetation to be managed +

Impacts on wetlands No human activities and services impacting on the wetlands +

Traffic congestion No traffic in the area +

Visual impact No impacts from structures. However, site needs to be maintained -

Employment opportunities No opportunities created -

Access to and improved services No infrastructure servicing this and other surrounding areas development -

Tax base for the municipality No increase in tax base to the municipality -

Provision of residential units No units created -


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9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

This section presents a summary of the key findings and recommendations from specialist studies as well as the impact statement based on the overall assessment.

SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION

During the EIA process, the impact of the proposed development on the biophysical and socio-economic environments was assessed.

Specialists were appointed to conduct relevant aspects of the project. Below is a summary of the key findings (details can be obtained

from the relevant specialist reports).

Table 16: Summary of key findings in specialists’ reports

Nature of assessment

Aspects Assessed

Findings and recommendations

Ecological assessment

Fauna Due to the low habitat potential for most of the identified “trigger” SCC, the suggested recommendations are purely precautionary, with the exception of the spotted-necked otter.

• Suitable terrestrial underpasses should be provided to facilitate safe movement of animals specifically where roads traverse sensitive habitats;

• Sensitive areas (and open space system) should be fenced off (whilst maintaining natural movement of fauna) prior to construction as "NO-GO" zones and all construction related impacts / activities should be prohibited within these zones. This specifically relates to the watercourses;

• Construction activities should take into account and timed according to the breeding season of faunal species potentially occurring within the area. Therefore, a winter dry-season construction is considered ideal.

Flora The study area shows variable ecological conditions due to high disturbance and transformation due to prevailing human activities, forming a mosaic between alien and natural vegetation with some sensitive areas (specifically watercourses). The Disturbed Grassland habitat shows some characteristics of the endangered Egoli Granite Grassland, but without active management or rehabilitation efforts the study area will further deteriorate in the future. Accordingly, buffering of sensitive areas (watercourses and SCC) must be clearly indicated while the disturbed areas indicated as low sensitivity are deemed to be suitable for development in an area zoned for development.

From ecological perspective, the proposed development is considered acceptable, provided that the recommended mitigation measures for the identified impacts are adhered to.


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Wetland assessment

The wetlands within the study area are considered to be impacted upon. Alterations to the habitat of the wetland have occurred, primarily due to impacts relating to the historic activities, the diversion of flow through artificial channels and culverts, irrigation and grazing and trampling by animals affecting the wetland vegetation.

The results of the risk assessment show that assuming mitigation measures are strictly enforced, impact significance is of low to moderate levels during both construction and operational phases. Impacts associated with the construction of the internal road and sewer pipeline through the wetland are anticipated to pose the highest risk to the integrity of the wetland during the construction phase. It is considered imperative that suitable mitigation measures, are strictly adhered to in order to minimise the impacts associated with the proposed development and decrease the significance of cumulative impacts on the wetland.

Based on the findings of the ecological and the risk assessment, the proposed development poses a direct moderate risk to the integrity of the wetland. Adherence to cogent, well-conceived and ecologically sensitive site development plans, the mitigation measures as well as general good construction practice and ongoing management, maintenance and monitoring, are essential if the significance of perceived impacts is to be reduced to limit further degradation to the wetland.

Heritage Impact

No known cultural and heritage sites (archaeological and/or historical) exist within the study areas. The potential for subterranean cultural heritage (archaeological and/or historical) sites, features or material should always be kept in mind. Should any previously unknown or invisible sites, features or material be uncovered during any development actions then an expert should be contacted to investigate and provide recommendations on the way forward.

Noise Impact Assessment

No study was commissioned for this aspect. However, noise levels as a result of the proposed development are expected to be in line with SANS 10103 of 2008 - The measurement and rating of environmental noise with respect to annoyance and to speech communication and the Gauteng Noise Control Regulations, provided that the acoustic screening measures are implemented.

Air Quality Assessment

The Sampled daily PM10 concentrations ranged between 5.6 to 167 μg/m³. The NAAQS Limit of 75 μg/m³ was exceeded three times during the sampling period, namely on 10 June,14 October and 28 October.

Sampled daily PM2.5 concentrations ranged between 13 and 339 μg/m³. The NAAQS of 40 μg/m³ was exceeded three times during the sampling period, namely on 18 October, 25 October, and 8 November 2019.

The NAAQS allows for 4 exceedances of the 24-hour limit values per year. Only three exceedances of both the PM10 and PM2.5 limit values were recorded during the May to December sampling period. Therefore, from the available data PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations would appear to be in compliance with the NAAQS, but it is very likely, given that particulate concentrations were only sampled twice weekly, that further exceedances could have occurred on days during which sampling was not conducted.

Calculated annual SO2 concentrations based on the (7 – 14 day) passive sampling, were compliant with the annual NAAQS (50 μg/m3). Annualised NO2 concentrations, based on the (7-14 day) exposure period, were compliant with the annual NO2 standard NAAQS (40 μg/m3). Short term (7-14 day) SO2 and NO2 concentrations were below the annual NAAQS, therefore annual concentrations of the pollutants are in compliance with their respective annual NAAQSs.


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The daily dustfall rates during the sampling period June to December 2019 are included in Figure 4–4. Daily dustfall rates ranged between a minimum of 27 mg/m2-day to maximum of 374 mg/m2-day and are therefore compliant with the 600 mg/m2-day NDCR for residential areas

Contamination Assessment

Aluminium Sulphate Ponds

Given the characteristic and volume of the waste it is not considered practicable to pursue an option of offsite landfill disposal, nor is it considered feasible to utilise the materials within the proposed wider redevelopment of Ext. 34. The feasible option is that the materials is retained and encapsulated within the existing licenced footprint. An outline rehabilitation plan involving formalised capping and stormwater control and an upslope cut-off drain, alongside adequate protection of an intended future stormwater retention pond is to be developed. This will, however, require liaison and agreement with the DWS, especially taking cognisance of the existing WUL, and alongside other requirements for IWWMP and RSIP updates.

Extension 34 Assessment

The entire site falls within a designated “spraying area” where irrigation with “industrial effluent water high in nitrate, phosphate and sulphate” previously occurred. Nitrate was recorded above its SSL4 (120mg/kg) within the area situated to the west of the aluminium sulphate sludge ponds, and within the downslope region of the historical irrigation (spraying) area. Whilst former irrigation represents the most likely source, similar to fluoride, in the wider context of the proposed development nitrate is not considered to represent a significant source of risk given an overall average concentration (~73.6mg/kg) far below its SSL (120mg/kg), although again above background.

Stormwater Management

Stormwater management has been designed taking into account the principles set out in the City of Johannesburg’s Stormwater Bylaws and Stormwater Design Manual. Various measures have been incorporeities system including swales and open earth channels with checked dams, to slow the flow of stormwater to prevent erosion and allow for more infiltration into the soil instead of closed underground pipes, semi-wet ponds placed at the lower perimeter of the township discharging into levelling channels that spread the stormwater discharge over a wide area. Included in the system is the water harvesting and use in the township.

Electricity Supply

The township is located within the electrical supply area of City Power City Power. Bulk electrical capacity for Longlake X34 is currently available at the Longlake Primary Substation. External infrastructure will have to be installed from the substation to the township. The costs for infrastructure incurred by the developer will be offset against the Bulk Contribution payable to City Power for electrical infrastructure in line with the Heartland Agreement. All work will be carried out strictly in line with City Power Standards and Specifications.

Geotechnical investigations

According to the 1:250 000 East Rand 2628 geological map, the site is underlain by Granodiorite of the Halfway House Granite Suite. It is suitable for the proposed development provided the management measures proposed in the report are adhered to


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KEY POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS IDENTIFIED

Based on the impact assessment, a number of potentially negative and positive impacts have been identified, assessed and summarised in the table below.

Table 17: Key positive and negative impacts

Positive Negative

Biophysical Environment

The layout plan has taken into account and integrated the physical, ecological and hydrological constraints of the site.

There will be permanent alteration of the biophysical environment as a result of the development. Mitigation measures proposed to be implemented.

The proposed development utilises a predominately degraded site. No major environmentally sensitive biodiversity features were found within or will be lost with the implementation of the proposed activity

Loss of an area currently serving as foraging area for fauna and is potential habitat for SCC.

The development to include open spaces and allow for foraging/movement of fauna. Fencing to include adequate openings to allow for through movement between the Reserve/open areas and the development.

Rehabilitation of the wetland system and creation of an environmentally friendly stormwater management system has the potential improve water quality in the system

Impact of the construction of the sewer line and the road on wetlands. Infrastructure within the township likely to affect the ground movement of water. Proper rehabilitation measures and management of water flowing into the wetlands from the development will be required. Placement of infrastructure including roads and stormwater system to be informed by ground water movement.

Development will address historic ground pollution while creating a liveable environment.

• The development will lead to an increase in hardened surfaces thereby increasing stormwater run-off.

• Possible mobilisation of pollutants in soil and river sediments causing problems downstream. Proper management of contaminated areas and judicious treatment of construction works affecting polluted streams

Development is an opportunity to effectively manage proliferation of alien vegetation.

• Possible spread of alien vegetation resulting from extensive vegetation clearance and soil disturbance.

Socio-economic Environment

Creation of employment opportunities during construction and economic, employment and housing opportunities during the operational phase.

• Activity could lead to influx of people into the area which could lead to a strain on infrastructure and Increased disturbance to the natural environment.

Provision of economic development, services and business opportunities and infrastructure in the area.

Alteration of the sense of place and introduction of building structures in an area currently dominated by open spaces.

Development will require construction of roads (Maxwell Drive, Marlboro Drive) thereby improving access into the area

Major roads are associated with faunal fatalities, barriers to free movement of same and bisection of habitats. Consideration to be given to allow for crossings and movement of fauna.

Improvement to the tax base for municipality

Realisation of such improvements might take a long time given the nature of development


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Activity is aligned with municipal and provincial spatial plans will lead to infill and densification within the urban fabric

Infrastructure, including road network might be strained if no commensurate upgrades are implemented

Alignment with policy on integrated settlements.

Infrastructure, including road network might be strained if no commensurate upgrades are implemented

Visual impact- the design must be visually pleasing architectural style and should enhance the environment

Development could result in a significant visual intrusion if the height and treatment of designs do not take into account the predominant theme, and municipal restrictions.


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10.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

APPLICATION PROCESS FOLLOWED

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process has been undertaken in accordance with the EIA

Regulations, 2014 (as amended) published in terms of Section 24 (5) of the National Environmental

Management Act (Act No 107 of 1998) (as amended). To ensure that the application takes into account

relevant laws, applicable legislation has been considered. The provisions in the latter as well as the

specialist studies, input from stakeholders and knowledge of the site informed the identification and

development of appropriate options and management measures that should be, if the activity is

authorised, implemented to ensure that the project is environmentally, socially and economically

sustainable.

The conclusions of this draft EIAR including comments and concerns from Interested and Affected

Parties (I&APs), are as a result of a comprehensive EIA study including specialists’ assessments. These

studies were informed by the site characteristics and issues identified in the Environmental Scoping

Study as well as the public participation process.

ASSUMPTIONS, UNCERTAINTIES OR GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE

No impact assessment can be completely certain of the exact nature and extent of the various impacts

that would result from a given development activity. However, this assessment strives to limit any

uncertainties by optimising the collection of base data, and by following a rigorous impact assessment

methodology. Consequently, it can be stated that the uncertainty in this study would be limited to

changes in the development circumstances at a scale that is beyond the locally focussed impact

assessment exercise. Such would include major environmental issues not recorded or observable

and/or drastic changes to the economic climate that alters the viability of the proposal. In addition to

the above, the specialists have included relevant assumptions and limitations in their reports.

For this report it is assumed that:

• All information provided by the applicant and the appointed specialists is correct and valid at

the time it was provided;

• All data from any unpublished research used is valid and accurate; and

• The limited scope of this investigation was accurate and has assessed the potential

environmental and socio-economic impacts which would be reasonably associated with the

proposed activity.

• The methodology of the assessment and the findings presented in this report are valid and

present sufficient detail and information that allows for the objective assessment and decision

on the application.

CONCLUDING REMARKS

This draft EIAR provides both potential benefits and the negative impacts likely to result from the

implementation of the project.

From a socio-economic perspective, positive impacts that include creation of employment

opportunities, increased economic activities, provision of infrastructure and services, increase in

municipal taxes, alignment with municipal and provincial spatial as well as support of integrated

development were identified.


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From the assessment it is the view of the EAP that this project will have positive social and economic

contributions. Although acknowledged that the implementation of the project will result in the short-

term negative impacts on the biophysical environment, the implementation of the mitigation measures

outlined in this report and the EMPr as well as through adequate environmental monitoring and

enforcement those impacts can be successfully mitigated.

Based on the information contained in this report, and taking into account the outcome of the public

participation process, the impact assessment, opinions and recommendations included in the specialist

studies as well as all supporting documentation, it is the opinion of the EAP that there are no fatal flaws

against the proposed development and that the proposal will not compromise the ability of the

Province to meet its ecological biodiversity targets. Should the proposed mitigation measures be

implemented correctly, the development will be sustainable.

Thus, from all the findings of this report, it will be recommended that the activity is authorised on the

basis of the preferred alternatives.

CONDITIONS AND FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS

In order to achieve appropriate environmental standards and ensure that the findings of the

environmental studies are implemented through practical measures, the recommendations from this

EIA study are included within an EMPr. The implementation of this EMPr is considered essential in

managing the negative environmental and social impacts in the implementation of the project.

In addition, the following key conditions should be included as part of the authorisation:

• This authorisation does not absolve the proponent from complying with any other statutory

requirements applicable to the undertaking of the activity.

• The 1 in 100 year floodline or 30m wetland buffer zone, whichever is greater, must be pegged

and demarcated by a wetland specialist prior to the commencement of any construction

activities.

• All construction related impacts (including service roads, site camp, temporary ablution,

disturbance of natural habitat, storing of equipment/building materials/vehicles or any other

activity), save for installation of services and related infrastructure, must be excluded from the

wetland area.

• All foundations for buildings and structures or infrastructure services must be designed

according to site specific Geotechnical findings and recommendations.

• The final Stormwater Management Plan that includes bio-retention ponds and SuDs principles

must be submitted to the City of Johannesburg for approval.

• A Water Use Authorisation must be obtained from the Department of Water and Sanitation for

the proposed wetland crossings or structures within the 1: 100 year floodline and any other

activities that trigger a requirement for a water use licence.

• The design of buildings and structures should also incorporate the green building standards that

promote optimal resource efficiency.

• Should any subsurface archaeological deposits, artefacts or skeletal material be uncovered

during construction activities, all activities should be suspended and the archaeological specialist

should be notified immediately.

• Storm water during construction should be channelled down gradient and dissipaters or siltation

traps installed where necessary to prevent erosion and sedimentation.


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• An integrated waste management approach must be implemented that is based on waste

minimisation and must incorporate avoidance, reduction, recycling, re-use and disposal where

appropriate. Uncontaminated boulders rubble generated during the construction can be re-used

as backfilling material on site. The ELO must ensure that no refuse or builders rubble generated

on the construction site is placed, dumped, or deposited on adjacent properties or public open

space during or after construction.

• A suitably qualified and experienced (independent) Environmental Control Officer (ECO) must

be appointed to monitor compliance with environmental laws as well as to ensure that the

mitigation /rehabilitation measures and recommendations in the EMPr are implemented during

the construction phase of the development.


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11.0 REFERENCES

Enviro Insight, 2018. Flora and Fauna Assessment. Highlands Precinct 1 Modderfontein, Gauteng Province. Johann Erwee, 2020. Electrical Scheme Report. Longlake Extension 34. Airshed Planning Professionals, 2019. Baseline Air Quality Monitoring Report for the Highlands. LV & Partners, 2019. Civil Engineering Services Report (Water & Sewer). Longlake Extension 34. Geo Simplicity Geotechnical Engineering, 2018. The Geotechnical Investigation Report. Longlake Ext 34 Situated on Part of the Remaining Extent of the Farm Longmeadow 296-IR Gauteng Province. Cultural Heritage Resources, 2006. Review of Cultural Heritage Resources in the Modderfontein Area, East of Johannesburg, Gauteng. Via P Consulting, 2018. Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA). Longlake Extension 34 Situated on Part of the Remaining Extent of the Farm Longmeadow 296-IR. Via P Consulting, 2021. Stormwater Outline Scheme Report. Longlake Extension 34 Situated on Part of the Remaining Extent of the Farm Longmeadow 296-IR. WSP, 2021. Site Assessment Report. Longlake Ext 34, Modderfontein. M&T Development. 2018. Motivating Memorandum. The application is submitted in terms of section 26 of the City of Johannesburg municipal planning by-law, 2016, read with section 2(2) and the relevant provisions of the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, 2013 (act 16 of 2013) for the establishment of the township Longlake Extension 34 situated on a Portion of the Remaining Extent of the Farm Longmeadow 296, registration division IR, Gauteng Province. Terrasoil, 2017. Wetland Identification, Delineation, Highlevel Hydropedology and Land Contamination Assessment Report. Highlands (Lethabong), Gauteng Province.


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APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: LOCALITY AND LAYOUTS 1.1 Locality Map 1.2 Layout Plan

APPENDIX 2: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION INFORMATION APPENDIX 3: SPECIALIST STUDIES AND REPORTS 3.1: Flora and Fauna Assessment 3.2: Wetland Identification, Delineation, High Level Hydropedology and Land Contamination, Assessment Report 3.3: Site Assessment Report 3.4: Stormwater Outline Scheme Report 3.5: Heritage Impact Assessment 3.6: Air Quality Baseline Assessment Report 3.7: Engineering Services Reports 3.7.1: Services Report (Water & Sewer) 3.7.2: Electricity Scheme Report 3.8: Traffic Impact Assessment 3.9: Geotechnical Assessment APPENDIX 4: TOWN PLANNING MEMORANDUM APPENDIX 5: CORRESPONDENCE WITH AUTHORITIES 5.1 Approval of the Scoping Report 5.2 Comments from other authorities APPENDIX 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME


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APPENDIX 1: LOCALITY AND LAYOUT MAPS


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Appendix 1.1: Locality Map


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Appendix 1.2: Layout Plan


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APPENDIX 2: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION INFORMATION

To be included in the final EIR


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APPENDIX 3: SPECISLIST STUDIES AND REPORTS


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Appendix 3.1: Flora and Faunal Impact Assessment


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Appendix 3.2: Wetland Identification, Delineation, High Level Hydropedology and Land Contamination, Assessment Report

draft environmetal impact assessment report

Documents