lecture 7-airport environmetal impacts

8/7/2019 Lecture 7-Airport Environmetal Impacts

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Lecture 7:

Airport

EnvironmentalImpacts

By: Zuliana Ismail


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Learning Outcome

Student able to:

Describe the environmental impact of airports


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Introduction

Commercial aviation is experiencing dramatic

growth in regions throughout the world.

However, growth in air travel affects theenvironment


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How does AirportImpact

theenvironment?


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Airport & Environment

Airport operations involve a range of activities that

affect the environment.

This effect can be categorized into three issues whichare:

1. Noise Issues

2. Water Quality Issues

3. Air Quality Issues


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1. NoiseIssues

Simply, noise is defined as unwanted sound.

Aircraft engine emits noise & this noise has the potential to

affect the quality of life of at least half a million people living

close to airports. Larger numbers of people would be exposed to the risks of

sleep disturbance, annoyance and possible health effects of

aircraft noise.

Therefore, aircraft noise is often the principal focus forcommunity groups nearby the airport that oppose runway

expansion.


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NoiseImpact

Sleep disturbance

High stress levels

Inability to concentrate

Health effects


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Howto Reduce

Noise?

The solution are:

A. Noise Mitigation Programme

B. Noise Abatement Procedures

C. Quieter aircraft technology


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a)Noise Mitigation

1. Sound insulation programs

Reduced indoor noise levels from aircraft operations Byinstalling the sound-proofing materials at nearby homes,

schools, and hospitals.

**Sound-proofing materials : windows are mostly made of double-glass,similar to aircraft windows, which provide sound and heat insulation.

2. Sound insulation standards for new construction

Concrete walls are made of cool block bricks with foam

in the middle, which also shield the house against noise

and heat.

Challenges: limited funds.

Noise mitigation is an effort to reduce the aircraftnoise impact on the community.

How??


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b)Noiseabatement procedures

Noise abatement (NA) is an action that minimizes impact

of noise at airport.

Most airport that are located very close to community have

number of regulations in place designed to reduce noise levels.

These regulations include

Aircraft may not fly at certain areas

Use or disuse of certain runways .

Limiting the number of departures and arrivals per runway

during hours of restriction;

Limit the maximum thrust allowed when flying over certain

areas;

Forbidden use of reverse thrust at night on some airports.


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Disadvantages of NoiseAbatement

Many operational noise abatement procedures may

be easily implemented .

However, operational restrictions may limit an

airports capacity, further contributing to airport

congestion and travel delays, and to higher airline

operating costs.


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c)Quieteraircrafttechnology

Aircraft manufacturer like Airbus & Boeing need to design and

produce quieter engines and airframes.

The latest large aircraft, the Boeing 787 and Airbus A380

equipped with the engine that can cut noise and emissions.

The Bombardier C-Series uses Pratt & Whitney PW1000G

geared turbofan engines, which help reduce its noise footprint


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2)Water QualityIssues

Airport operations include many activities likely to

result in reducing water quality.

Those activities include:

Anti-icing of aircraft and airfields;

Fuel /Oil spills


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Anti-icing effect

The anti-icing of aircraft and runway surfaces is required to

ensure the safety of passengers.

However when performed without discharge controls in

place, airport anti-icing operations can result inenvironmental.

Anti-icing chemical solution used on aircraft are toxic

to aquatic life.

When it is sprayed on aircraft, some of it falls onto the ground,where it mix with melting ice and snow.

Discharges from deicing operations have the potential to

cause fish kills and contamination to surface or ground waters


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Alternative

Newark and John F Kennedy airports have recently embraced

infrared anti-icing. The unique thermal de-icing methoduses natural gas or propane to produce infrared energy

efficiently.

This energy is focused in an optimal manner to remove frost,

snow, ice and water from aircraft surfaces quickly and safely,

without adversely affecting the aircraft or ground personnel.

Infrared process eliminates the need for glycol reducing the

environmental impact of de-icing operations.


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Fuel/Oil Spills

Fuel/Oil spills can also lead to environmental damage.

Most airports are required to develop a Spill Prevention,

Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) plan.

These requirements are designed to ensure that

Facilities that store oil have planned for and taken

measures to prevent environmental damage resulting fromoil spills.


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3)Air QualityIssues

Aircraft engine emissions affecting local air quality.

Major pollutants release by aircraft engine arecarbon dioxide

(CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur oxides (SOx), water

vapour and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These gases, once release into the Earth's atmosphere, will

contribute to the Climate Change &

Global Warming.


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Whatis GlobalWarming?

Global warming means gradual increase in the

overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere

due to the greenhouse effectcaused by increasedlevels of carbon dioxide, cfcs, and other pollutants.

What do you means by greenhouse effects???


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Air QualityIssues When modern jet aircraft burn fuel at

altitudes of 10-12 km the water vapourthat is produced is injected into the

atmosphere .

The water vapour then freezes to

produce tiny ice particles which formthe familiar trails behind aircraft when

viewed from the ground. These are

known as "contrails".

They can be long lasting depending on

weather conditions and spread to a

width of tens of kilometres.

Contrails could have a greater

greenhouse effect.


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Howto Reducetheimpact

of Air Pollution?

1. Significant improvements in jet engine design

**Airliner manufacturers are committed to achieving reductions inboth CO2 and NOx emissions with each new generation of design of

aircraft engine.

2. Providing electrical power and pre-conditioned air toaircraft at terminal gates allows aircraft to switch off their

auxiliary power units (APU), reducing fuel burn and

pollutants.

3. Reducing taxiing and queuing times can be achieved byconstruction of more direct taxiways.

4. Green Airport: Plant a tree (trees and other plants absorb

carbon dioxide and give off oxygen)

5. New Technology


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New Technology

Arlanda has made use of

a variety of measures to

reduce carbon

emissions in the firstinstance.

Save energy and offset

carbon emissions using

aquifer .

Aquifer is a groundwater

reservoir located close to

the airport site which

pumps cold water to the

airport buildings to

provide natural cooling.

Stockholm-Arlanda Airport hasachieved a "neutrality" rating on ACIEurope's airport carbon accreditation

scheme by offsetting carbonemissions and reducing energy

consumption.


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New Technology

On 11 October 2010, London Heathrow Airport achieved an"optimisation" award from the airport carbon accreditation

scheme.

lecture 7-airport environmetal impacts

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