drift time spectrometer for heaviest elements ludwig-maximilians-universität münchenmarch...
DESCRIPTION
5f 6d 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 11 Na 12 Mg 3 Li 4 Be 1 H 13 Al 5 B 7 N 14 Si 6 C 15 P 16 S F 17 Cl 16 Ar 10 Ne 2 He Ds Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu 68 Er Pu Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr 100 Fm 5f 6d 5f 6d 5f Lanthanides (4f) Actinides (5f) 6d s 2 6d 5 6d … Periodic Table of Elements 1TRANSCRIPT
Drift Time Spectrometer for
Heaviest Elements
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München March 2006Mustapha Laatiaoui
Drift Time Spectrometer for Heaviest Elements
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München March 2006Mustapha Laatiaoui
Motivation• Atom physics :
Relativistic EffectsValence Electron Configuration
Element Identification
Experiments• Drift time measurements on actinides
Atoms and Molecules
Concept for an Online-Spectrometer
Prospects
Overview:
5f 6d 5f 6d 5f 6d5f 6d
19K
20Ca
21Sc
22Ti
23V
24Cr
25Mn
26Fe
27Co
28Ni
29Cu
30Zn
31Ga
32Ge
33As
34Se
37Rb
38Sr
39Y
40Zr
41Nb
42Mo
43Tc
44Ru
45Rh
46Pd
47Ag
48Cd
49In
50Sn
51Sb
52Te
55Cs
56Ba
57La
72Hf
73Ta
74W
75Re
76Os
77Ir
78Pt
79Au
80Hg
81Tl
82Pb
83Bi
84Po
87Fr
88Ra
89Ac
35Br
53I
36Kr
54Xe
85At
86Rn
104Rf
105Du
106Sg
107Bh
108Hs
109Mt
11Na
12Mg
3Li
4Be
1H
13Al
5B
7N
14Si
6C
15P
16S
80
9F
17Cl
16Ar
10Ne
2He
110 111 112Ds
114
58Ce
59Pr
60Nd
61Pm
62Sm
63Eu
64Gd
65Tb
66Dy
67Ho
69Tm
70Yb
71Lu
68Er
113 115 116
Pu9490
Th91Pa
92U
93Np
95Am
96Cm
97Bk
98Cf
99Es
101Md
102No
103Lr
100Fm
5f 6d5f6d 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f
Lanthanides (4f)
Actinides (5f)
6d2 6d3 6d46d7s 7s2 6d5 6d …6
117 118
Periodic Table of Elements
1
Relativistic Contraction
58.0
For hydrogene-likemercury (Hg) with Z=80:
Zv
137Z
cv
a.u.
a.u.rvpmr
rZe
22
2
nrp
vZe
l
2
nZev
2
1s 2p15
10
5
00.1 0.2r [a.u.]
D(r
)
0.05 0.10
D(r
)
40
20
0r [a.u.]
j=3/2
j=1/2
V. Burke et al., Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 90, 297 (1967)
1s 2p15
10
5
00.1 0.2r [a.u.]
D(r
)
0.05 0.10
D(r
)
40
20
0r [a.u.]
j=3/2
j=1/2
Relativistic Contraction
rmax : Principal Maximum of the Wave Function of the Outermost Orbital
J.P. Desclaux, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 12, 311 (1973)
P. Pyykkö, Phys. Scr. 20, 647 (1979)
{
For Uranium (Z=92)
E [e
V]
c c
Shift of Electronic Energy Levels
J.P. Desclaux At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 12, 311 (1973)
Valence Electron Configuration & Element Identification
rmax : Principal Maximum of the Wave Function of the Outermost Orbit
o
o
FrCsRbK
NaLi
o
5f3d 4d 4f
Mc Daniel et al. 1970
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
P.R. Kemper and M.T. BowersJ. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 3231 (1990)
T [10-4 s]
Co+:3d8, 3F
mCo+ :3d74s1, 3F
1.0 1.4 1.8Inte
nsity
arb
. uni
ts
ionbAr
driftb
driftba
ionbionba
rr
tt
rr 1
21 ,,
Ionic Radii from Drift Time
.
.d
rAr
rionIn Rigid Sphere Model :
e: ChargeN: Number Density of Buffer Gas Atoms: Reduced MasskB: Boltzmann ConstantTeff: Effective Temperature : Collision Cross Section: Higher Order Corrections
)(1,1 effT
Relative Measurements :
221,1 )()( ionAreff rrdT
)(12
163
1,1 effeffB TTkNeK
ionb
iona
ionba rrr ,
bdrift
adrift
badrift ttt ,
KEstdrift
K: Ion MobilityE: Electric Field Strengths: Ion pathtdrift: drift time
Experimental Setup
0 5 10 cm
Optical Fiber
LPMQMS
Buffer GasCellBuffer GasCell
QPIG
Channeltron
1x10-2mbar 5x10-7mbar2x10-4mbar
4x10-6mbar
TMP700 l/s
TMP 330 l/s
TMP230 l/s
TMP 360 l/s
LaserBeam
255FmFilament
zedzdsE
)(
+
+
70 V
220 V
200 V
20 V
LaserBeams
188 V
0 40z [mm]
Computer SimulationSIMION 7
A°1)( ionrsE
The used Buffer Gas Cell
For absolute Measurements!
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,00,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
Pu+
Am+
I on
S ig n
al
t [ms]
T = 1,78 msAm+
T = 1,83 msPu+
rion
Pu+
,Am+
rionPu
+= -(3,1 ± 1,3)%
Drift Time Difference Pu+ - Am+ Drift Time Difference Pu+ - PuO+
T = 1,85 msPu+
T = 2,38 msPuO+
rion
Pu+
,PuO+
rionPu
+= (28 ± 3)%
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,50,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0 Pu+
PuO+
Ion
Sign
a l
t [ms]
Measurements
PHD Thesis, Achim Dretzke, Mainz
Measurements T FmD= 0.89(1) ms+
T CfD = 0.91(1) ms+
T UOD= 1.09(1) ms+
%20,
ionCf
ionCfUO
rr
%2,
ionCf
ionCfFm
rr
%3max
max,
Cf
CfFm
rr
Ab Initio Theorie :J.P. Desclaux
TargetWheel
QuadrupoleTriplet
Condenser Platesfor Electric Field
DipoleMagnets
BeamDump
QuadrupoleTriplet
Buffer Gas Cell
254No Beam
Objectives: No (Z=102) to Db (Z=105)
Z=102: 208Pb (48Ca,2n) 254No (t1/2=55 s) 5 Ions/sZ=103: 209Bi (48Ca,2n) 255Lr (t1/2=21.5 s)
SHIP @ GSI
Electric Field ( 50 V/cm)
254NoIon Beam +
Drift Time Cell (100 mbar Ar Buffer Gas)
Ion Guide
Dynode Foils- 1.5 kV
e-HI+
Channeltron+ 1.5 kV
QMS
_Detector Wheel Fixed_Detectors
Development of an On Line Spectrometer
Cou
nts
TD [ms]4039
QMS :40 u
QMS :254 u
30 cm
Direct Measurement ofTb
D Ta,b
D = TaD - Tb
D
Trigger
+
Es24321 s
Es246
7,7 m
Es245
1,3 m
Es24437 s
Es247
4,7 m
Es248
28 m
Es249
1,70 h
Es250
2,22 h | 8,6 h
Es25133 h
Es252
471,7 d
Es253
20,4 d
Es254
39,3 h | 275,7 d
Es255
39,8 d
Es256
7,6 h | 22 m
Fm247
9,2 s | 35 s
Fm2461,1 s
Fm2454,2 s
Fm24836 s
Fm251
5,3 h
Fm252
25,4 h
Fm2533,0 d
Fm254
3,24 h
Fm255
20,1 h
Fm256
2,63 h
Fm244
3,0 ms
Fm243
0,18 s
Fm242
0,8 ms
Fm249
2,6 m
Fm250
1,8 s | 39 m
Fm257
100,5 d
Fm258
0,38 ms
Fm2591,5 s
Fm
Es
Md2472,9 s
Md252
2,3 m
Md254
10m | 28 m
Md24924 s
Md2487 s
Md25052 s
Md251
4,0 mMd
Md256
1,3 h
Md258
43 m | 56 d
Md257
5,0 h101
102No250
0,25 ms
No25726 s
No252
2,39 s
No2510,8 s
No253
1,7 mNo
No258
1,2 ms
No259
58 m
No255
3,1 m
No2563,1 s
103Lr25416 s
Lr253
1,5 s| 0,6 s
Lr255
21,5 sLr
Lr2603 m
Lr256
25,9 s
Lr258
4,35 s
104Rf262
47 ms| 1,2 sRf
Rf2551,4 s
Rf254
22 s
Rf253
48 s
Rf256
6,7 ms
Rf2574,7 s
Rf2593,1 s
Rf26165 s
105Db2601,5 s
DbDb2571,3 s
Db2562,6 s
Db2584,4 s
Db26234 s
106Sg263
0,3 s| 0,9 sSg
Sg259
0,48 s
Sg258
2,9 ms
Sg2657,1 s
Sg26634 s
Sg261
0,23 s
Sg260
3,6 ms
107 BhBh262
8,0 ms| 102 ms
Bh261
11,8 ms
Bh264
440 ms
108Hs2699,3 s
HsHs265
0,8 ms| 1,7 ms
Hs267
33 ms
Hs264
0,45 ms
109 MtMt268
70 ms
Mt266
3,4 ms
110 DsDs271
1,1 ms| 56 ms
Ds273
0,076 |118 ms| ms
Ds269
0,17 ms
Rg274
9,26 ms
Rg272
1,5 msRg
112277
1,5 ms112
113278
0,34 ms113
1142892,6 s
1141142880,8 s
114287
0,51 s
115
116292
18 ms116
116290
15 ms
118294
1,8 ms118
116291
6,3 ms
115288
125 ms
Rg2805,2 s
Bh272
14,14 s
Bh2661 s?
Mt270
7,16 ms
Rf260
21 ms
111
115287
32 ms
113283
0,10 s
Rg279
0,17 s
Mt276
1,03 s
Mt275
9,7 ms
Db26773 m
Rf2672,3 h
Ds279
0,18 s
1122834,0 s
112284
97 ms
11228529 s
112282
0,50 ms
Sg271
29,14 s
Hs275
11,8 ms
113284
0,69 s
6d
Actinides
Breeding in High Flux Nuclear Reactors
Heavy Ion Induced Nuclear Fusion
Reactions
7p114286
0,16 s
Hs277
16,5 m
Ds281
11,1 s
Db268
23,1 h
Prospects:
11429021 s
112286
11 m
Ds282
1,1 m
Hs278
11 m
162
Hs2702,4 s
Db2590,5 s
Rf263
15 m
Lr2520,4 s
Lr261
39 m
Lr262
3,6 hNo260
106 ms
No2625 ms
Md259
95 m
Md260
31,8 d
Hs266
2,3 ms
Ds270
0,1 ms| 6,0 ms
Sg262
6,9 ms
Rf258
12 ms
No254
0,28 s| 55 s
Lr257
0,66 s
Db2611,8 s
Bh265
940 ms
Bh26717 s
Db26327 s
Lr2595,4 s
Md25527 m
Rf268
http://www.ha.physik.uni-muenchen.de/heaviest_atoms
Towards the Island of Stability375. WE-Heraeus Seminar
Workshop on the Atomic Properties of the Heaviest Elements
Local OrganizersM. SewtzD. Habs
Atomic PhysicsH. Backe, GermanyM. BlockP. Campbell, Great BritainM. Drewsen, DenmarkYu. Kudryavtsev, BelgiumW. Lauth, GermanyU. Schramm, GermanyG. Werth, GermanyN. N.
Nuclear ChemistryR.G. Haire, USAM. Schädel, GermanyA.Türler, GermanyN. N.
TheoryS. Fritzsche, GermanyP. Indilicato, FranceU. Kaldor, IsraelV. Pershina, GermanyP. Pyykkö, FinlandL.A. Viehland, USAN. N.
Nuclear PhysicsS. Hofmann, GermanyK. Morita, JapanYu. Oganessian, RussiaR.D. Herzberg, Great BritainN. N.
ChemistryP.B. Armentrout, USAJ.K. Gibson, USAN. N.
Abtei Frauenwörth im Chiemsee, GermanySeptember 25 th - 27 th, 2006
H. BackeA. DretzkeP. KunzW. Lauth
Institut fürKernphysik
Universität MainzGermany
S. Fritzsche
Fachbereich PhysikUniversität Kassel
Germany
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMaier-Leibnitz-Labor
GermanyD. Habs, V. Kolhinen, M. Laatiaoui, J. Neumayr, M.Sewtz, P. Thirolf
SHIPTRAP-CollaborationTASCA-Collaboration
@GSI