drives using simulink
TRANSCRIPT
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A Workshop on
Programming, Analysis and Simulation using Matlab- For
Electrical Engineering17-19 January,2008
G.H. Patel College of Engineering and Technology
Electrical Drives using Simulink toolbox of
Matlab
Presented by:
P.R.MankadElectrical Engineering Department,
Shri S’ad Vidya Mandal Institute of Technology, Bharuch
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What is Matlab?
The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory.
MATLAB® is a high-performance language for technical computing.
It integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment.
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Simulink
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What is Simulink? Simulink is a software package that enables
you to model, simulate, and analyze systems whose outputs change over time.
Such systems are often referred to as dynamic systems.
Simulink can be used to explore the behavior of a wide range of real-world dynamic systems, including electrical circuits, shock absorbers, braking systems, and many other electrical, mechanical, and thermodynamic systems.
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What Is Simulink? For modeling, Simulink provides a graphical
user interface (GUI) for building models as block diagrams, using click-and-drag mouse operations.
With this interface, you can draw the models just as you would with pencil and paper (or as most textbooks depict them).
Simulink includes a comprehensive block library of sinks, sources, linear and nonlinear components, and connectors. You can also customize and create your own blocks.
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What Is Simulink? After you define a model, you can simulate it,
using a choice of integration methods
Using scopes and other display blocks, you can see the simulation results while the simulation is running.
In addition, you can change parameters and immediately see what happens, for "what if" exploration.
The simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for postprocessing and visualization.
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How Simulink Works? Simulating a dynamic system is a two-step
process with Simulink.
First, you create a graphical model of the system to be simulated, using the Simulink model editor.
The model depicts the time-dependent mathematical relationships among the system's inputs, states, and outputs
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How Simulink Works? Second we use Simulink to simulate the
behavior of the system over a specified time span. Simulink uses information that you entered into the model to perform the simulation
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Modeling Dynamic Systems Simulink provides a library browser that
allows you to select blocks from libraries of standard blocks and a graphical editor that allows you to draw lines connecting the blocks.
You can model virtually any real-world dynamic system by selecting and interconnecting the appropriate Simulink blocks. Skip
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Block Diagrams A Simulink block diagram is a pictorial model
of a dynamic system. It consists of a set of symbols, called blocks,
interconnected by lines.
Each block represents an elementary dynamic system that produces an output either continuously (a continuous block) or at specific points in time (a discrete block).
The lines represent connections of block inputs to block outputs.
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Example-1: This example shows
you how to build a model.
The model integrates a sine wave and displays the result along with the sine wave.
The block diagram of the model looks like this.
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How to bulild simple model To create the model,
first enter ‘simulink’ in the MATLAB command window.
On Microsoft Windows, the Simulink Library Browser appears as shown.
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How to build simple model To create a new
model on Windows, select the New Model button on the Library Browser's toolbar
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How to bulild simple model
To create this model, you need to copy blocks into the model from the following Simulink block libraries:
Sources library (the Sine Wave block) Sinks library (the Scope block) Continuous library (the Integrator block) Signals & Systems library (the Mux block)
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How to bulild simple model You can copy a Sine Wave
block from the Sources library, using the Library Browser.
To copy the Sine Wave block from the Library Browser, click the Sine Wave node to select the Sine Wave block and drag it to new model window.
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How to bulild simple model Similarly copy
integrator bloack from continuous library, mux from signals and systems library block and scope from sink.
Connect sine wave block to other two items using mouse.
Connect output of mux to a scope
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How to bulild simple model To simulate the
model, click on ‘start’ from the simulation menu.
See the results on scope.
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The Library Blocks The Continuous
library
It contains blocks that model linear functions
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Discontinuities The Discontinuities
library contains blocks whose outputs are discontinuous functions of their inputs.
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Discrete The Discrete library
contains blocks that represent discrete-time functions.
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Math Operations The Math
Operations library contains blocks that model general mathematical functions.
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Math Operations More math
functions.
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Signal Routing The Signal Routing
library contains blocks that route signals from one point in a block diagram to another.
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Sink The Sinks library
contains blocks that display or write block output.
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Sources The Sources
library contains blocks that generate signals.
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SimPowerSystems Blockset It is library of
specialized blocks pertaining to Electrical Engineering.
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Electrical Drives using Simulink Electrical Machines:
(1)D.C.Machines(2)Asynchronous Machines(3) Synchronous Machines
and (4)Transformers models are available in
SimPowerSystems Blockset of Simulink.
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(1)D.C.Machines This block implements a
separately excited DC machine. An access is provided to the field
terminals (F+, F-) so that the machine model can be used as a shunt-connected or a series-connected DC machine.
The armature circuit (A+, A-) consist of an inductor La and resistor Ra in series with a counter-electromotive force (CEMF) E.
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D.C.Machines Machine data to be
entered is shown here.
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D.C.Machines Measurements are available through
demultiplexer. Four internal signals are multiplexed on the
Simulink measurement output vector returning
Rotor speed in rad/sec. Armature current in ‘A’ Field current in ‘A’ Electromechanical torque in ‘N.m’
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D.C.Machines Source D.C.Voltage source
Load Torque in (N-m). Constant Load can be implemented
by constant block of sources library
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D.C. Shunt Motor Drive
Fig. above shows D.C.Shunt motor drive with constant load.
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Transient response.
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D.C.Series Motor Drive
Fig. above shows D.C.Series motor drive with constant load.
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Transient response.
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(2)Asynchronous Machines (Induction Machines) This block implements an
Induction machine. The Asynchronous Machine
block operates in either generating or motoring mode.
The mode of operation is dictated by the sign of the mechanical torque (positive for motoring, negative for generating).
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(2)Asynchronous Machines (Induction Machines) The parameters to
be entered are shown here.
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Induction Machines Measurements are
available through Machine Measurement Demux block located in ‘Machines’ library of SimPowerSystems Blockset.
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Induction Machines
AC voltage source
Single phase and three phase AC sources are available, voltage and frequency of which can be adjusted as per requirement.
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Induction Machines Drive
Fig. above shows an Induction motor with constant load
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Induction Machines Drive
Transient response
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Types of Loads
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Fig. above shows D.C.Series motor drive with Load torque proportional to speed.
LT
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Transient response.
TL
TM
LT
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Fig. above shows D.C.Series motor drive with Load torque proportional to square of speed.
2LT
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TL
2LT
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Speed Control
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DC Shunt Motor
Armature voltage control method
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DC Shunt Motor
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DC Shunt Motor
Field flux control method
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DC Shunt Motor
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DC Series Motor
Field diverter method
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DC Series Motor
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Induction Motor
Stator voltage control method
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Induction Motor
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Induction Motor
Stator supply frequency control method
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Braking of Motors
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DC Shunt Motor
Regenerative braking of dc shunt motor
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DC Shunt Motor
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DC Shunt Motor
Regenerative braking of dc shunt motor
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Induction Motor
Regenerative braking of Induction motor
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Induction Motor
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Induction Motor
Regenerative braking of Induction motor
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Power Modulators
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Block diagram of an electric drive
Source Powermodulator
Motor Load
Sensingunit
Controlunit
Input command
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Power Modulator
Power modulator performs following four functions
Modulated flow of power from source to motor
Restricts source and motor currents within limits
Converts source energy suitable to motor Selects mode of operation i.e motoring or
braking
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AC to DC converters
Fixed voltage1ph or 3-ph
ac
Fixed voltagedc
Diode rectifier
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AC to DC converters
Single phase Diode rectifier using universal bridge
2 mdc
VV
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AC-DC converters
Single phase diode rectifier wave forms
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DC Shunt Motor fed with 1ph-diode rectifier
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AC to DC converters
Fixed voltage1ph or 3-ph
ac
Variable voltagedc
Fully controlled thyristor rectifier
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AC to DC converters
Fully controlled thyristor rectifier using universal bridge
2cosm
dc
VV
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AC-DC converters
Fully controlled thyristor rectifier wave forms
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DC Shunt Motor fed with 1ph-controlled rectifier
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Triggering of 1ph-controlled rectifier
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AC Voltage Controllers
Fixed voltage1ph or 3-ph
acDiode rectifier
Fixed voltage1ph or 3-ph
ac
Variable voltageac
Thyristor voltage controller
(Soft starters)
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Soft starter
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Soft starter
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Soft started Induction motor drive
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DC-DC converters (Choppers)
Diode rectifier
Fixed voltagedc
Variable voltagedc
Semiconductorchopper
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Chopper fed DC drive
(Available as demo)
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AC Voltage Controllers
Fixed voltagedc
Diode rectifier
Variable frequencyFixed voltage
acStepped waveSemiconductor
inverter
(Soft starters)Diode rectifierPWM semiconductorinverter
Fixed voltagedc
Variable frequencyVariable voltage
ac
(a)
(b)
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PWM inverter
PWM inverter using universal bridge
2 2dc
ac
VV m
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Induction Motor drive usingPWM inverter
PWM inverter using universal bridge
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Generation of PWM pulses
PWM inverter using universal bridge
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Generation of PWM pulses
PWM pulses to inverter
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Output voltage of PWM inverter
PWM inverter using universal bridge