Time Schedule First week: 6. 10. July: Manuel and this document, Measurements Monday: t resentation which summaries e! and theoretical asects "T#$, readin% this document and ManuelThuesday: &', Study o( m. rincile: )1, *, *+, *d i$ and )', , use o( &%ilent (or dc conductance-ednesday: &6Thursday: .# sectrohotometry Friday: readin% this document and Manuel Second week: 1'. / 10. July: Measurements and &nalysis Monday: 1ielectric sectroscoy measurementsThuesday: Study o( m. rincile: ) *d, 1ata (ittin% rocedure-ednesday: 1ata (ittin% rocedureThursday: 1ata analysis and %rah resentations o( the main 1S arametersFriday: 1ata analysis and %rah resentations o( the main 1S arameters Third week: *0. *2. July: theory: hotocoy materials 3 t "ST$ A) Sample and buffer preparation/ di%ital +alance and samle maniulation e!ercise "14 minutes$1$ 5reare a+out one liter o( 10 mM 6a)l solution. -ei%h aroriate 7uantity o( 6a)l in &l/(oil +oat, add aroriate 8olume o( water to achie8e 10mM concentration. -ork with lastic 9ars. *$ 5reare 1 m: o( 1m%;m: 16& in 10 mM 6a)l solution "stock 16& solution$. -ei%ha 7uantity o( %enomic 16& (i+ers which does not ha8e to +e e!actly 1m%. That is, normally you will not achie8e to cut a iece o( (i+er which has e!actly 1 m%, +ut one should try to %et a+out 13;/0.* m% and then add aroriate amount o( 10 mM 6a)l to achie8e (inal concentration o( 1m%;m:. -ork in eendor( tu+es. :ea8e 16& threads to dissol8e in 10 mM 6a)l (or 2< hours at temerature o( 2 =).'$ 5reare a+out one liter o( 1 mM 6a)l solution (or dialy>is 2$ 1ialy>e stock solution a%ainst 1 mM 6a)l durin% *2 hours at 2 =).4$ 5reare 1 mM 16& solutions with < di((erent concentrations in the ran%e +etween 0.1and 1 m%;m: (or 1S measurements6$ 5reare 1 mM 16& solutions with concentrations in the ran%e +etween 0.01and 0.04m%;m: (or .# sectrohotometry measurementsNaClDNA fbers in Epp. tube1i%ital +alanceB) pH/conductometry (15 minutes). Calibrating te instrument !it standard solutions. "or pH tere is a set o# $ solutions o# %no!n pH (&'(')) and tere is also a standard conducti*ity solution' +& m,/cm. pH and conducti*ity electrodes and calibration procedures are mutually independent' it-s only tat te instrument reads bot o# tem..e procedure is done according to te instrument manual. ,imply' you press CA/ button and te instrument tells you into !ic solution you sould insert te electrode...0t is also important to learn o! to !as te electrodes bet!een inserting tem in di1erent solutionsCA/ buttonsconducti*itypH meterC) 1. Ho! to use te measurement camber (aplication o# te sample' open/close/ !as procedure. 2pen/closed camberApplying te sample3recision impedance analy4erAgilent &5)&A6 &7 H48117 9H4Agilent:NCsConducti*ity camber #or a;ueous samples61.58 5777m,/cm< *olume 578577 m/=eproducibility 1>' /ong term (5 ) 5>.emperature control unit67? to @7?C,tability6 A17 mBPtc

ambersteelcasing3tC) 2.a 9easurement setup C) 2.b Agilent impedance analy4er' per#orming measurements' some basics:utton/BeyCoice 9eaning =esulting status9eas Cp8C Capacitance and real part o# conductance Dpper and lo!er screen' .race A E :' respecti*ely,tart ,top177 H48 1179H4< 571 points"re;uency range limits' 571 points measured:!/A*g :FG1' A*g 1/point' $ s!eeps9easures at one #re;uency point #or longer time but does not a*erage. A*erages te measured spectra' $ times@ minutes #or a measurement.rigger Croups $ 9easures $ s!eeps' !ic are also a*eraged tis starts actual measurement9ar%er ,ubmar%er =eading out' on8screen o# Cp'C *alues at 1'17'177 %H4' 1'17'117 9H4 Displayed *aluesC) 2.c Data trans#er.e spectrum is recorded as dataHdt.tIt fle !ic !e ".3 to a 3C #or analysisAgilent is accessible directly *ia /AN' as a fIed 03 address 1(5.1@.177.11' access is unrestrictedC) 2.d Data analysis (basics)Cp'C spectra are imported in ,igmaplot Application so#t!are' and automatically plotted *s. appropriate re#erence NaCl solutions (i). ,ubtraction is also automatic' as !ell as generation o# rele*ant graps (ii). .e analysis really begins !it coice o# Ccorr (and Ccorr) and trans#ormation o# C8CNaCl and Cp8CNaCl into compleI dielectric #unction real and imaginary parts J and JJ (iii).J and JJ (iii) are ftted in compleI plane' i.e. simultaneously to te compleI Cole8Cole #unction.As tere are actually t!o modes' te fts are done to a sum o# t!o #unctions.i)ii)iii)( )( ) [ ] + = 1011iHFiii)C) 3. .emperature stabili4ation unit (operating te so#t!are)/ist o# commands #or operating te temperature controller Application inter#ace used #or operating te controller