dual vet system in austria: prospects, target groups, outcomes

Dual VET System in Austria:Prospects, target groups, outcomes

Roland LöfflerAustrian Institute of Research on Vocational Training

Österreichisches Institut für Berufsbildungsforschung (öibf)

Learning Exchange: Apprenticeship SystemsNovember 7th, 2013, Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer

Protection(Vienna)

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Austrian Institute of Research on Vocational Training

� Founded in 1970

� A leading Institute for Research on Vocational Training

� Research and development in order to support and promote

activities and policies concerning VET

� High involvement in further development of Dual VET System� Evaluations, Evidence-based policy, support decision-makers, Reports

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HE- Universities of applied Sciences

IVET System

- Dual VET System- Voc. Schools and

Colleges- BRP: General higher

education entrance (VET)

Not in “the System”- “Master”-Qualification- Adult Education incl.

Labour Market-training

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Characteristics of iVET in Austria

� Early occupational decision at the age of 14/15 years

� High significance of iVET at upper secondary level (approx. 80%)

� Apprenticeship training (“Lehrausbildung”): 38%

� VET schools (“Berufsbildende Mittlere Schule”): 12%

� VET colleges (“Berufsbildende Höhere Schule“): 24%

� strong involvement of the social partners in planning and implementation of apprenticeship-training

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The Austrian apprenticeship system (1)

� Two places of learning: � work-based learning (enterprise): 80%

focus: job-specific knowledge and skills

� school-based learning (part-time vocational school): 20% focus: basic subject-related theory and general education

� school-based part of training: public funds (mix of federal and regional)

� After 9 years of compulsory school

� Apprenticeship-leave exam (practical skills and abilities): The apprenticeship-leave exam is taken in front of board of professional experts. The focus of this exam is on the competences required for the respective profession (simulation of day to day tasks).

� Focus on Initial Vocational Education and Training (15-20 yrs.)

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The Austrian apprenticeship system (2)

� Apprenticeship contract between company and apprentice: The apprentice

is employed and in a training relationship with his or her training

company and a (compulsory) student at a part-time vocational school at

the same time

� Employment relationship

(approx. 80% income of skilled worker in last year)

� Legal framework: Vocational Education and Training Act

� Training regulation for each apprenticeship trade

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Governance of Dual VET SystemWork-based learning School-based learning

Federal Level

Federal ministry of Economy

Federal ministry of EducationFederal Advisory Board on Apprenticeship (Social Partners)

Provincial Level

Apprenticeship Offices Regional school inspectors

Provincial Advisory Board on Apprenticeship (Social Partners)

Federal provinces

Federal governors

Local LevelCompany, Trainer Part-time vocational school, Teacher

Apprentice

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Apprenticeship Training - Strengths� keeping up a tradition (culture) of youth employment (low level of youth

unemploment)

� no entry requirements except the age and also a socially recognized way for young people who do not want to attend full time school at upper secundary level

� Offering a work integrated learning process with a diploma not only recognized in the training company

� occupational profiles with high acceptance on the labor market

� smooth transition from VET to employment

� For the young people: income (apprenticeship remuneration increasing up to 80% of the salary of a skilled workers at the end of training)

� For companies: Skilled workers tailored for their own needs

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Apprenticeship Training - Weaknesses

� very diverse sector and intransparency because of decentraldevelopments (incl. quality assurance)

� strong gender segregation by occupation

� weak educational competencies of company trainers and examiners

� ongoing discussions on mutual crediting of learning outcomes between apprenticeship-training and full-time vocational schools

� Number of training places is strongly dependent on economic prosperity and regional gaps

� (High) failure rates and drop outs

� In good economic times, it is difficult to find or keep good teachers (for vocational schools), as wages in the economy are better then.

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Apprenticeship Training – Innovations (1)� Integrative VET

Target groups: Leavers of special needs schools, youth who did not acquire any qualification at lower secondary level or obtained a negative assessment in the final exam, People with disabilities, People who are not suitable to be placed into a regular apprenticeship

Tailored types:

� Acquisition of partial qualifications – duration: 1 to 3 years

� Prolongation of the training programme by 1 or up to 2 years

� approx. 6.000 (4,6%) apprentices

� Independent training workshops:(funded by money from active labor market policy) leading to the same qualification for those who can not find a training place in a company - “Vocational Placement Guarantee” (i.e. Youth guarantee) provides IVET for all youths up to 18 (“supracompany apprenticeship training”)

� approx. 10.000 (7,6 %) apprentices

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Apprenticeship Training – Innovations (2)� ‘BRP’ – special university entrance examination for graduates of vocational

training (general entrance not only restricted to field of training (in adult education or accompanying the training)

� approx. 10.000 (7,6 %) apprentices

� Modularization of occupational profiles

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Apprenticeship Training – numbers (1)

� approx. 210 different occupational profiles� national standards

� mostly 3 years of training

� nearly all branches (except health and social services)

� 121.280 young people in training� starting age: 16,4 years old (averag.)

� 35.000 training companies (13,3% of all companies)

All data for 2012


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Pupils of the 9th Form (secundaryeducation II):

VET Colleges

VET schools

general secondary school

Polytechnical School

Source: Statistik Austria, Bildung in Zahlen2011/12


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Pupils of the 9th Form (secundaryeducation II), nationalities

VET Colleges

VET schools (no level A-exam)

general secondary school

Polytechnical School

Source: Statistik Austria, Bildung in Zahlen2011/12

Austria (89.289)

Germany (1.058)

Turkey (1.456)

Former Yugoslavia(3.716)

Other states (3.988)


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Transition from the school system in an apprenticeship 2012Source: WKO, Lehrlingsstatistik


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Apprentices and Graduates, Nationalities, 2012, 2009Source: WKO, Lehrlingsstatistik (apprentices), AMS/BMASK: Wohin nach der Ausbildung? BildungsbezogenesErwerbskarrierenmonitoring 2012

Nationality

Apprentices

2012

Apprentices

2009

Graduates

2009

Austria 90,64% 91,47% 95,00%

Non-Austrians 9,40% 8,50% 5,00%

Turkey 2,92% 2,30% - Germany 2,76% 2,98% - Bosnia 0,79% 0,68% - Serbia/Montenegro 0,76% 0,93% - Croatia 0,30% 0,36% - Switzerland 0,26% 0,22% - Slovenia 0,14% 0,02% - Italy 0,09% 0,09% - Other nationalities 1,34% 0,93% -


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Training readiness andEmployment share (2012)Proportion of training enterprises of all enterprises and proportion of apprenticeships of all fully insured jobs

Education including educational institutions providing supra-company apprenticeships

Source: P. Gregoritsch et.al: Lehrlingsausbildung: Angebotund Nachfrage. Wien: AMS 2013


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Young People (15-19): People of working age, labour force, apprentices(2012)Labour Force: People, who have been employed or unemployed at least once during the year

Source: P. Gregoritsch et.al: Lehrlingsausbildung: Angebotund Nachfrage. Wien: AMS 2013


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Apprenticeship-leave exam, 2012

Source: WKO, Lehrlingsstatistik 2012

total number %all exams 58.034 100,0%passed exams 47.635 82,1%failed exams 10.399 17,9%


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Most common apprenticeships, 2012Source: P. Gregoritsch et.al: Lehrlingsausbildung: Angebot und Nachfrage. Wien: AMS 2013

Total number Share Total number Share

Girls 43.134 100,0% Boys 82.094 100,0%

Retail trade 10.964 25,4% Metal Technology 11.212 13,7%Office clerk 5.273 12,2% Electrical engineer 8.852 10,8%Hairdresser, stylist 4.424 10,3% Car mechanics 7.837 9,5%Restaurant Specialist 1.659 3,8% Plumbing 4.897 6,0%Cook 1.600 3,7% Retail trade 4.887 6,0%Catering specialist 1.204 2,8% Carpenter 3.639 4,4%Pharmaceutical-commercial assistant 1.190 2,8% Cook 3.055 3,7%Hotel and Hospitality Assistant 1.164 2,7% Bricklayer 2.967 3,6%Administrative Assistant 1.049 2,4% Painting and Coating Technician 1.912 2,3%Wholesale trade 783 1,8% Mechatronics 1.662 2,0%


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Transition from apprenticeship to employment: DurationSource: AMS/BMASK: Wohin nach der Ausbildung? Bildungsbezogenes Erwerbskarrierenmonitoring 2012


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Transition from apprenticeship to employment within 3 months, sectorsSource: AMS/BMASK: Wohin nach der Ausbildung? Bildungsbezogenes Erwerbskarrierenmonitoring 2012

Medical servicesFinancial and insurance servicesRetail and wholesale tradeOffice clerksHairdresser and cosmeticsChemistry, chemical engineering and food productsAgricultureWood, paper, plastic, glass processing and forestryTourism and CateringConstructionElectronics and AutomationEngineering and engineering tradesAutomotive industriesElectricity and energyIndustrial machinery and metal processing


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Share of initial earnings of € 1.800,- minimum per monthSource: AMS/BMASK: Wohin nach der Ausbildung? Bildungsbezogenes Erwerbskarrierenmonitoring 2012

Engineering and engineering tradesElectricity and energyIndustrial machinery and metal processingElectronics and AutomationAutomotive industriesConstructionFinancial and insurance servicesChemistry, chemical engineering and food productsAgricultureWood, paper, plastic, glass processing and forestry Medical servicesOffice clerksTourism and CateringRetail and wholesale tradeHairdresser and cosmetics


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Unemployment by level of education, 1994-2011Source: Source: Statistik Austria, Bildung in Zahlen 2011/12

Compulsory education

TotalGeneral secondary school and VET CollegesApprenticeshipVET schools (no level-A exam)University


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Youth Unemployment by level of education, 2011Source: Source: Statistik Austria, Bildung in Zahlen 2011/12

Compulsory educationApprenticeshipVET schools (no level-A exam)General secondary school and VET CollegesTotal

TotalMaleFemale


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Gross income per year, 2011 (employees from 16 years upwards)Source: Source: Statistik Austria, EU-SILC 2011

Compulsory educationApprenticeship/VET schools (no level-A exam)General secondary school and VET CollegesUniversityTotal

TotalMaleFemale


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Poverty risk and education levels, 2011 (employees from 16 years upwards)Source: Source: Statistik Austria, EU-SILC 2011

Compulsory educationApprenticeship/VET schools (no level-A exam)General secondary school and VET CollegesUniversityTotal

TotalMaleFemale

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Main Challenges

� Demographic trend

� Fostering attractiveness of apprenticeship

Current discussions:

� Improving quality

� Introduction of competency-based training regulations

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Some lessons…

� Quality as a main factor for increasing attractiveness

� Well-matched types of IVET

� Flexibility for using all potentials of Youth

� High involvement of Social Partners

� … BUT: Dual VET system no “holy grail” for overcome Youth Unemployment

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Contact

Roland Löffler, BAProject manager

Email: [email protected], Web: www.oeibf.atPhone: +43 1 310 33 34 – 20

Austrian Institute for Research on Vocational Training Österreichisches Institut für Berufsbildungsforschung

Margaretenstraße 166/2, 1050 Wien

dual vet system in austria: prospects, target groups, outcomes

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