dumbo: networking in an emergency

AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan

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DUMBO: Networking in an DUMBO: Networking in an EmergencyEmergency

Kanchana KanchanasutInternet Education and Research Lab

&

School of Engineering and Technology

Asian Institute of Technology

THAILAND


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Emergency Communications

What we use when many things are not working well!

(Fred Baker, Cisco)

100% Zero infrastructure

=> something that works


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Issues to be addressed

• Temporary services– Service outages and subject to attacks– Limited resources

• Equipment• Power supplies• Manpower

– Need for preferential traffic/services for authorized users


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More..

• Work under stress!– Poor working conditions– Life saver– Rapid dissemination of announcements– Support bi-party and/or group communications

• Services– Expert consultations– I AM ALIVE (eg. WIDE Project) – Missing persons


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Outline

• Lessons from 2004 Tsunami • Design principles• DUMBO Project

– 2006 DUMBO I– 2008 DUMBO II– 2010 DUMBO III


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Digital Ubiquitous Mobile Broadband OLSR

(DUMBO)

• Lessons from the Tsunami 2004

==> Design Principles:To turn ordinary laptops and PDAs to live-saving network and platform for effective recovery management


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Choices of Wireless Technologies

Short Range (WPAN)

• Bluetooth• 100 meters (Class 1)• 10 meters (Class 2) • 1 meter (Class 3)• 2.1 - 3 Mbps (v2.0)• 2.4 GHz

•ZigBee• 250Kbps @ 2.4 GHz• 40 Kbps @ 915MHz• 20 Kbps @ 868MHz• 10 – 100 meters• Remote control• Low data rate !

Medium Range (WLAN)

• WiFi 802.11 b/g/n• 2.4GHz• 11 ~ 200+ Mbps• 30~200 meters

• IEEE P802.11 C2C• 5.9 GHz DSRC• US-flavored• a.k.a. WAVE• ETA : 2009 ?

• CALM• WAVE+Global 5GHz• GPRS/UMTS conn.• EU flavored

Long Range

• EDGE• 0.9 – 1.89Mbps• Licensed Freq.

•CDMA2000 EV-DO• Rev.0 153K – 2Mbps• Rev.A 1.8 – 3 Mbps• Licensed Freq.

•WiMaX• 10-70 Mbps• Licensed Freq.

EXPENSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_wireless_data_standardshttp://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/tgp_update.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee_specificationhttp://www.zigbee.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_wireless_data_standards

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/tgp_update.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee_specification

http://www.zigbee.org/


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OLSR

• Optimized Link State Routing Protocol

– IETF RFC 3626

– Proactive Link State MANET Routing Protocol

– Based on the Multipoint Relays (MPR) technique

• Implementations (Open source):

– INRIA (http://hipercom.inria.fr/olsr/ )

– Unik ( http://www.olsr.org )

– NRL (http://cs.itd.nrl.navy.mil/work/olsr/index.php )

http://hipercom.inria.fr/olsr/

http://www.olsr.org/

http://cs.itd.nrl.navy.mil/work/olsr/index.php


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Services

• Short messages

• VOIP

• Push-to-Talk

• E-mail/File transfer

• Real-time streaming

• Group conferencing

• Internet

DUMBO I

Stand-alone MANET


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2006 DUMBO I: V-2-V MANET


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2006: DUMBO I

• Self-configuring/healing Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) through WiFi and Satellite Networks– For ground relief workers to collaborate in jungle

environment– Vehicles in used were elephants

• Multimedia Applications (EasyDC)– Rich conversations– P2P

• Sensor integration (LiveE! Project)• Face recognition application


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Scenario

Simulated Disaster Area 2

IP StarUplink

Simulated Head Command

Center (AIT)

TerrestrialInternet

Simulated DisasterArea 1

InternetSatellite

IP StarGateway Field

SatelliteAccess

MANETOLSR

PDA

FieldSatelliteAccess

MANETOLSR

PDA

sensor


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Uplink

Command HQ

TerrestrialInternet

Disaster Site 1(PDA and Laptops)


OLSRDisaster Site 2

(PDA and Laptops)


OLSR

Satellite

Gateway

B

C

A


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Multimedia Communications for Disaster Emergency Responses

• Interactive Video, Voice, and Instant Messaging – very important to situational awareness

• Peer-to-Peer Paradigm ( no centralized server ** )


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Application

Face Recognition : to search and identify people


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Vehicles

Elephants can assist search and rescue workersWe contribute multimedia communications and collaborative applications


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Public DemonstrationDecember 1, 2006

Simulated head command center in AIT

DUMBO II

MANET + Infrastructure


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DUMBO ll: A V-2-I Emergency NetworkDUMBO ll: A V-2-I Emergency Network20082008

ITST Conference, PhuketITST Conference, Phuket


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Objectives

1 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications

with mixed vehicle types

2 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Internet-like

Gateway

3 A newly revised Emergency Response

Multimedia Communication Applications

(P2PSIP)


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1. V2V Scenario -- mixed types of vehicles


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Equipment List

• Power Station2 (Wifi Access Point)

• Microclient Jr. (Mobile Router)

• Ultraclient (OLSR Router)

• Laptop PC (MNN)

• EeePC (MNN)

• Desktop PC (HA, Tunnel Server, CN)


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DUMBO II Experiments

1. OLSR + Internet

2. MANEMO (MANET + NEMO) with mobile routers communicating with

1. TD/NINA Protocol

2. OLSR Protocol


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OLSR in DUMBO II• We deployed post disaster communication network • OLSR network connected to the infrastructure

– Using a OLSR gateway with 2 interfaces, ad hoc wireless mode connecting to OLSR network and LAN connecting to HQ.

• EasyDC was the P2P application on MANET supporting VoIP, VDO, and Instant messaging, using our P2P SIP overlay network – Rescuers could make any kinds of communication to other

rescuers or HQ– It was distributed, thus there was no need to setup any

centralized SIP server• P2P SIP provide session and terminal mobility


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OLSR DUMBO II topologyInternet

HQOLSR gateway

OLSR network

12 nodes•6 EEE PCs•5 Ultraclients•1 OLSR GW

Tuk tuk

boats


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2. V2I Scenario -- with access

points + group movements

Fixed TerrestrialInfrastructure

Land Vehicles

Sea Vehicles


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Network Mobility (NEMO)• When a whole IP subnet moves, how does it

retain connectivity with different infrastructures ? – Addressing, Home network, Visited network,

Mobile router, Access Router

• http://www.mobilenetworks.org/nemo/

• NEMO Platform for Linux (NEPL) – http://www.nautilus6.org/doc/nepl-howto/

http://www.mobilenetworks.org/nemo/

http://www.nautilus6.org/doc/nepl-howto/


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NEMO

AccessRouter B

AccessRouter A

MobileRouter

MobileNetworkNodes

HomeNetwork

InternetInternetVisitedNetwork


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MANEMO

• Each of MANET and NEMO alone may not answer to our Post-Disaster Communication Network requirements !!

• MANEMO = MANET + NEMO

• It is an emerging research area: – http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/07mar/slides/manet-11.pdf

– http://www.mobileip.jp/MANEMO/MANEMO.html

http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/07mar/slides/manet-11.pdf

http://www.mobileip.jp/MANEMO/MANEMO.html


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MANEMO

• MANEMO = Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) for Network Mobility (NEMO)

• NEMO provides session connectivity

• NEMO Mobile Router (MR) acts as a MANET node and exchange information with other MRs (TD/NINA vs OLSR)

• MANET provides optimal exchange of information between local networks

• Nested NEMO extends the network coverage


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MANEMO(cont.d)

• We can deploy Head-quarter freely in the Internet

• Each Vehicle for rescue work usually equipped with MR

• Rescue terminal requirement is only IP (same as NEMO)

• By using MANEMO, the problem of NEMO such as multiple encapsulation in nested case, redundant path inside nested MRs, and the isolated network without Home Agent can be solved


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MANEMO

AccessRouter B

AccessRouter A

InternetInternet


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MANEMO

AccessRouter B

AccessRouter A

InternetInternet


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Physical topology

The blue line represents the communication path between boat and HQ


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3. Emergency Applications• Dealing with session and

terminal mobility• Cross-layered approach

(utilizing useful information from the routing layer) with OLSR

• Information delivery: streaming, store-and- forward, RSS feeds

• Intelligent information processing


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Deployment Issues

• Locating optimal positions to setup wifi devices

• Re-configuration

• MANEMO is more complex as compared to OLSR

• Sea Sickness

• Battery Lifetime


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Work in Progress

• Auto re-configuration– Parameter settings– Active Networks

• Mapping and location information – Google Map– GeoDraw


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Technical Partners

• HIPERCOM INRIA (France)

– http://hipercom.inria.fr/

• WIDE (Japan)

– http://www.wide.ad.jp/about/research.html

• And perhaps a few more.

http://hipercom.inria.fr/

http://www.wide.ad.jp/about/research.html


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DUMBO II Team @ Phuket


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Acknowledgement

• DUMBO II work is supported by Intelligent Transport System Program of the National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Thailand

• Special thanks to the students of Prince of Songkla University, Phuket for their help during demonstration at Phuket


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DUMBO II Participants

• Kanchana Kanchanasut, (AIT)• Thirapon Wongsaardsakul, (AIT)• Hajime Tazaki, (WIDE Project, Japan)• Anis Laouti, (Hipercom/INRIA and Telecom

SudParis, France)• Manutsiri Chansutthirangkool, (AIT)• Khandakar Rashedul Arefin, (AIT)

++ AIT students

DUMBO-MM

Cyclone Nargis on May 2, 2008

Ayeyarwaddy, Myanmar

www.interlab.ait.ac.th/myanmar/cyclone/


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2 May 2008 – Nargis cyclone hit Myanmar.

– Devastated Five Divisions and States including Yangon.

– Delta areas, the worst-hit, with the heaviest casualties and infrastructural damages.

– Communication infrastructure was down in cyclone hit areas.

– Electricity Black-out.

– Very limited transportation.


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• DUMBO-Myanmar – Useful in handling of relief, recovery and

resettlement activities aftermath of Nargis Cyclone.

• Coordination Program

– Phase I: Introductory Phase of DUMBO • Part I: Training for Myanmar Engineers at

AIT • Part II: DUMBO Deployment

– Phase II: Utilization of DUMBO systems by government agencies and iNGOs


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Trainings for Myanmar Engineers at intERLab/AIT

21 – 25 May 2008


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Introducing DUMBO in Myanmar

26 May 2008: Myanmar Egress HQ, Yangon

• Presentation/report to Myanmar Egress/NAG

partners, Myanmar Computer Professional

Association (MCPA)

– Technical overview

– Network requirements

– Benefit/features of system

– Project plan (DRAFT)

27 May- 2 June 2008: Myanmar Engineer’s

site visits to Pyapon and Bogale

Townships


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Yangon - Pyapon: 75 Km (Point-to-Point) satellite link (IPStar)


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Online among ME HQ, field offices in Yangon &

Pyapon

• ME used DUMBO network for data sharing and day-to-

day communications between HQ and fields office

• even during ME’s logistic arrangement for TCG-PONJA,

data collection for UNICEF and Myanmar Fisheries

Federation (MFF)

• ME is trying to test ‘HQ’- ‘field office’ – ‘field site’

• HQ-field office via iPstar

• Field office-field site (village) via long range wireless

antenna (need special permission, waiting for that !!!)


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Latest DUMBO Deployment report

• Site: Myingagone village Pyapon Township

• 12 EeePCs w/ DUMBO OLSR, 50 metre between each

node.

• Utilized DUMBO network during live data collection

• Very useful as Team leader can command and control his

volunteer team and get instant data at mobile office.

• Restrictions: EeePC’s low battery life especially in Mesh

wireless network.


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DUMBO-MM

June 15, 2008Number of sites : 4

-ME office in Yangon-Yangon’s warehouse-Pyaephyokyaw in Yangon-Pyar Pon


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DUMBO III

• Mega city: – large area of coverage with large number of users

• Heterogeneous networking environment• Basic communications for ALL

– Specific applications for SOME

• Many interesting research topics!– New partners welcome


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Trainings @ intERLab (2009)Trainings @ intERLab (2009)Date Training

25 – 27 February DNSSEC Hands-on Workshop

7 - 9 April VoIP & SIP Workshop

Late May TEIN3 Kick-off Workshop (TEIN3 members only)

Mid June IPv6 and Services for ISP [APNIC]

Late June/ Early July Network Security Workshop I

Late August/ Mid September Routing and BGP Multihoming Workshop

Late October/ Early November

ICT for Distance Education:IP Multicast,Video Streaming Technology: DVTS and Vclass

TBA

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) for emergency response and post-disaster conditions

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Future Internet


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Thank YouThank You

Postal Address:

P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang

Pathumthani 12120,Thailand

Direct line:(66-2)524-6611

Fax:(66-2)524-6618

Email: info at interlab.ait.ac.th

http://www.interlab.ait.ac.th

http://www.interlab.ait.ac.th/






dumbo: networking in an emergency

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