duw123 intro for communication
TRANSCRIPT
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DUW123
Introduction toHuman Communication
by
ASSOC. PROF. ABDUL AZIZ MAHMUDDI
Uni!"r#iti Ma$a%#ia P"r$i# &UniMAP'
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U(on com($"tion o) t*i# to(ic #tud"nt#*ou$d +" a+$" to
D",n" *uman communication.
Id"nti)% t*" mod"$# o) communication- and"($ain t*" (roc"## o) *uman communication.
D"#cri+" t*" "$"m"nt# o) *uman
communication.
D"#cri+" t*" )unction# o) communication.
Id"nti)% in /"n"ra$ t*" t%("0cont"t0,"$d o)*uman communication.
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D",nition o) Communication Communication a# d"ri!"d )rom Latin
t"rmino$o/% communicare *ic* m"an#“to make common or to share” .
Sam#uddin A. Ra*im &1'- #aid t*at
communication# d",nition can +"di!id"d into )our cat"/ori"#. 4*"% ar"d",nition t*at5
1. 6m(*a#i7" on di##"mination or#"ndin/ 2. 6m(*a#i7" on #*arin/ o) m"anin/. 3. "m(*a#i7" on ("r#ua#ion.
8. "m(*a#i7" on +"*a!ioura$ a#("ct.
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4*"odor#on dan 4*"odor#on &19'
Communication i# t*" #"ndin/ o)in)ormation- t*in:in/- attitud" or
"motion o) on" indi!idua$ or /rou( to
ot*"r indi!idua$ or /rou( +% u#in/#%m+o$#.
&one way communication?'
D",nition t*at "m(*a#i7" ondi##"mination and #"ndin/
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D",nition t*at "m(*a#i# on#*arin/ o) m"anin/Ro/"r# &19'
Communication i# a (roc"## *"n to(arti"# *o in!o$!"d in t*"communication )orm and #*ar"
m"anin/ o) #i/na$#
to ac*i"!" und"r#tandin/.
&on" a%0to a% communication;'
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D",nition t*at "m(*a#i7" on ("r#ua#ion
Car$ Ho!$and &1
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D",nition t*at "m(*a#i7" on+"*a!ioura$ a#("ct
Cart"r &13'
Communication i# an indi!idua$=# a% to#"": out and di##"minat" in)ormation
a+out r"a$it%- #o t*at it can contro$ *i# $i)"*"t*"r indi!idua$$% or in /rou(.
&i) %ou )ai$"d in t*" "amination#- *at do"#t*at m"an 0*at ar" %ou doin/'
&on" a% or to a% communication;'
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>OS6PH A. D6?I4OHuman communication: The basic
course &1'
@...refers to the act, by one or
more persons, of sending andreceiving messages that aredistorted by noise, occur within acontext, have some eect, and
provide some opportunity forfeedback .
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ROALD B. ADL6R 6IL 4OW6Looking out/looking in &23'
@...is a continous, transactional processinvolving participants who occupy
dierent but overlappingenvironments and create
relationships through the exchange
of messages, many of which areaected by external, physiological,and psychological noise.
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CH6RL HAMIL4O CORD6LL PARE6RCommunicating for result &23'
“...the process of people sharing
thought and feelings
with each other
in common understandable ways.”
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Mod"$ and Proc"## o)Human Communication
D",nition o)
MODEL
“Model is! simpli"ed representationsof complex interrelationships among
elements in the communication process, which allow us to visually
understand a sometimes complex process.”
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D",nition o)
Communication rocess
Da!id B"r$o &19'
@I) " acc"(t t*" conc"(t o) (roc"##-
" !i" "!"nt# and r"$ation#*i(# a#d%namic- on/oin/- "!"r c*an/in/-continou#. W*"n " $a+"$ #om"t*in/
a# a (roc"##- " a$#o m"an t*at it
do"# not *a!" a +"/innin/- an "nd- a,"d #"u"nc" o) "!"nt#. It i# not
#tatic- at r"#t. It i# mo!in/. 4*"in/r"di"nt# it*in a (roc"## int"ractG
"ac* a"ct# a$$ t*" ot*"r#.
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Linear Mo!el
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"nteractional Mo!el
#ee!back #ee!back
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Transactional Mo!el
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Elements of Communication
6$"m"nt# i# t*" com(on"nt# t*at in!o$!"d incommunication (roc"##. 6$"m"nt# o) *umancommunication ar" 5
1. #ourc"
2. r"c"i!"r 3. m"##a/"
8. c*ann"$
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Sourc"
I# t*" ("r#on *o initiat" &t*" initiator' t*"(roc"## o) m"##a/" d"$i!"r%. In 2Ja%communication (roc"## t*" #ourc" i# a$#ocon#id"r"d a# r"c"i!"r +"cau#" at t*" "ndo) t*" communication (roc"## " cannot
d"t"rmin" *o i# t*" #ourc" or r"c"i!"r.
Initiator i# "ntit% *o (o##"##mind- ("rc"(tion- "motion- anatom%-
(*%#ica$- attitud"- !a$u"- +"*a!iour-!"r+a$ com("t"nc%- )ram" o) r")"r"nc"-
("r#ona$ *a+it and a uniu" cu$tur".
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R"c"i!"r
I# t*" ("r#on *o r"c"i!" t*" m"##a/"
t*at #"nt +% r"c"i!"r.
A r"c"i!"r i# a$#o an "ntit% *o(o##"##
mind- ("rc"(tion- "motion- anatom%-(*%#ica$- attitud"- !a$u"- +"*a!iour-
!"r+a$ com("t"nc%- )ram" o)r")"r"nc"-("r#ona$ *a+it and a uniu" cu$tur".
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1. /rand)at*"r- /randmot*"r- mot*"r-)at*"r +rot*"r- #i#t"r- unc$"- cou#in
2. 4"ac*"r- $"ctur"r r"ctor-admini#trati!" oKc"r- c$"r:- oKc"a##i#tant- #(ort oKc"r.
3. )ri"nd#- $o!"r.
6am($"# o) r"c"i!"r accordin/ tocont"t#5
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8. OKc" mat"- *"ad o) d"(artm"nt-com(an% on"r.
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M"##a/"
i# id"a#- t*ou/*t- )""$in/# or"("ri"nc" t*at ant"d to +" #*ar"d
+% t*" #ourc" it* an indi!idua$ or a/rou( o) ("o($" in t*" )orm o) !"r+a$&ord#' and0or non!"r+a$ &)acia$"(r"##ion- +od% mo!"m"nt#-
touc*"#- !oic" ton"# "tc.' $an/ua/".
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F""d+ac: 4*" #i/na$# t*at a r"c"i!"r continuou#$% /i!"#
to a #"nd"r indicatin/ *o "$$ t*" m"##a/"
i# +"in/ r"c"i!"d ar" :non a# )""d+ac:.
F""d+ac: i# "tr"m"$% im(ortant )or #"nd"r#-#inc" it a$$o# t*"m to di#co!"r #uc* matt"r#a# *"t*"r t*"% ar" #("a:in/ too )a#t- u#in/ord# t*at ar" too com($"- or "!"n *"t*"rt*"% ar" o"ndin/ or an/"rin/ t*"ir r"c"i!"r#.
F""d+ac: can con#i#t o) wor!s$ non%erbalsymbols$ or both. F""d+ac: ma:"# it(o##i+$" )or #("a:"r# to Nud/" *o "$$ t*"%
ar" communicatin/.
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Cod"
Cod" i# a #%#t"matic #%m+o$arran/"m"nt t*at u#"d to cr"at"m"anin/ in #om"on"=# mind or /rou(
o) ("o($".
Word- (*ra#"- and #"nt"nc" +"com"#%m+o$# t*at u#"d to r"(r"#"ntima/"- t*in:in/- id"a and0or )""$in/#.
?"r+a$ cod" con#titut" #%m+o$# and/rammar arran/"m"nt.
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on!"r+a$ cod"# inc$ud"5
1. Ein"#ic# (o#tur"- mo!"m"nt- /"#tur"#-
and )acia$ "(r"##ion.
2. Pro"mic# &t*" #tud% o) t*" *uman u#"o) #(ac"' t"rritoria$ and ("r#ona$
&intimat" di#tanc"- ("r#ona$ di#tanc"-#ocia$ di#tanc"- and (u+$ic di#tanc"'.
3. C*ron"mic# t*" a% t*at ("o($"or/ani7" and u#" tim".
8. 4acti$" t*" u#" o) touc* incommunication.
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&continuation' on!"r+a$ cod"# inc$ud"5
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6ncod"
4*" action o) ("rc"i!in/- int"r(r"tin/-tran#$atin/ and con#tructin/ m"anin/
into a )orm o) id"a#- t*ou/*t or
)""$in/# +% t*" r"c"i!"r or #ourc" i#ca$$"d "ncod".
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D"cod"
M"anin/ ("rc"i!"d +% t*" r"c"i!"r or#ourc"
a+out t*" id"a#- t*ou/*t or )""$in/##"nt +% t*" #ourc" or r"c"i!"r.
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oi#"
An% "$"m"nt# t*at di#tort t*" (roc"## o)"ncodin/ or d"codin/ m"##a/"#- and itr"duc"# or dama/in/ t*" m"##a/" c$arit%.
oi#" con#titut" c$imat"- *idd"n !i"-a+norma$ +"*a!iour- unc$"ar(ronunciation- na#a$it%- ord# t*at " do
not und"r#tand- and (ain
oi#" con#titut"# an%t*in/ t*at (r"!"nt u#)rom r"c"i!in/- acc"(tin/- int"r(r"tin/
m"##a/"#
or )""d+ac:.
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Fram" o) R")"r"nc"
It m"an# "!"r%t*in/
#uc* a#"("ri"nc"# - :no$"d/"-
)""$in/#0"motion and (rior in)ormation
*ic* +"$on/# to t*" #"nd"r orr"c"i!"r.
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6n!ironm"nt0Situationa$0Cont"t
r")"r to t*" (*%#ica$ $ocation&"n!ironm"nt t*at can +" #""n or
touc*"d J co$d or *ot- in a c$"an roomor #ta$$# +"#id" t*" roadG
("r#ona$ "("ri"nc"#- tim"
&mornin/0ni/*t- toda% 01 %"ar#
+")or"'G and cu$tur" &norm#- ru$"#-+"$i")# and attitud"# '*ic* inu"nc"d *uman
communication.
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FUC4IOS OF
HUMA COMMUICA4IO 4*" )unction# o) *uman communication"($ain t*" u"#tion *% *uman n""d to
communicat".
Accordin/ to Ad$"r 4on" &23'-
man communicat" +"cau#" o)5Socia$ n""d# Id"ntit% n""d#
Practica$ (ur(o#"# P*%#ica$ n""d#
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Socia$ ""d#
Socia$ n""d# i# d",n"d a# t*" n""d to *a!"
r"$ation#*i( it* ot*"r ("o($" in ord"r )oru# to5
+" $i:"d and +" $o!"d .
On t*" ot*"r *and- communication i# a$#ou#"d to5
a!oid ot*"r#- to ,/*t- to a+andon
r"$ation#*i( and "tc.
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Id"ntit% n""d#
4*rou/* communication- *uman$"arn# a+out *i#0*"r #"$)- id"ntit%&c$"!"r0#tu(id- (r"tt%0u/$%-#:i$$0dum+. A$$ t*"#" "r" id"nti,"dt*rou/* t*" a% " int"ract it*
ot*"r#. 6am($"#5
J OU *at i# %our r"action i) 88
("o($" #aid t*at %our )ac" i# #o (a$".
J 4ARZA *at i# t*" r"action o) 4ar7an i) 88 ("o($" t*at *" m"t #aid
*" $oo:"d $i:" a ci!i$i7"d ("r#on.
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Wi#"man #a%#5
W" ar" attract"d to t*o#" *o $"/itimi7" ourid"ntit%.
4*o#" ("o($" *o *a!" *i/* $"!"$ o) #"$)J"#t""mr"$ati!"$% t"nd to ,nd )ri"nd# *o ar" r"ad% to$"/itimi7" t*"ir ("r#ona$it%. orma$$% t*"% i$$ tr%to a!oid t*o#" *o do not a((r"ciat" t*"ir#tr"n/t* or a+i$it%.
4*o#" ("o($" *o t*in: t*at t*"% ar" u#"$"##-u#ua$$% i$$ ,nd ("o($" *o tr"at t*"m in arou/*0rud" mann"r.
W*% do " n""d to $oo: #mart a$$ t*" tim";
4*"r")or"-
W" n""d to (ractic" #u((orti!" communication inord"r to c*an/" t*" im("r)"ct )""$in/ o) ot*"r# to
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Practica$ Pur(o#"#
Practica$ (ur(o#" o) communication i#
communication it* t*" aim to ("r#uad" to("o($" &in ord"r to c*an/" t*"ir attitud"# and
+"*a!iour'
6am($"#5 Mar:"tin/ communication i# m"ant )or
inu"ncin/ ("o($" to +u% a (roduct *ic*#om"tim"# do"# not r"uir"d +% t*"m.
"/otiation u#"d to r"#o$!" conict &*ic*cau#"d +% a #tru//$" )or t*" #am" o+N"cti!"-or to ma:" t*" +"#t c*oic" *"n " )ac" a!ariou# num+"r o) #ourc"#.
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Communication #:i$$# &a+i$it% tod"$i!"r #(""c* and $i#t"n ""cti!"$%'
i# a n"c"##it% )or No+ a(($icant#durin/ int"r!i" #"##ion.
Communication at or: i# to cr"at"+"tt"r or: "n!ironm"nt &*a((% and(roducti!"'.
Po$itica$ communication (ur(o#" i# toinu"nc" ("o($" )or !otin/.
I dditi
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In addition-accordin/ to >"#"(* A. D"!ito &1'-
("o($" communicat" to5
O&er HEL- "am($"#5
J 4*"ra(i#t &*"$(in/ #om"on" to r"duc" t*"ir
(*%#ica$ or "motiona$ (ain'.
J 4"ac*"r# &*"$(in/ #tud"nt# to und"r#tandc"rtain :no$"d/"'-
J Coun#"$or# &*"$(in/ c$i"nt to ,nd t*" +"#ta% to r"#o$!" (ro+$"m# )ac"d +% t*" c$i"nt'-
J 4"am m"m+"r# &*"$( t*" t"am in (ro+$"m
#o$!in/'.
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4o PLA
Communication i# an act o) ($a% m"an# "communicat" in ord"r to *a!" )un- tr%in/to a!oid (ro+$"m#- or a# a m"an o)r"$ain/.
6am($"#5
$i#t"nin/ to No:"# +% a com"dian or No:"#
#*ar"d +% ot*"r#.
#*ar" #om"t*in/ t*at can ma:" t*"$i#t"n"r# )""$ *a((% or "#ca(" )rom an%
)orm o) (r"##ur".
P*%#ica$ ""d#
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P*%#ica$ ""d#
S"!"ra$ r"#"arc*"# #*o t*at*uman communication c$o#"$% r"$at"d to5
4*" *"a$t* #tat" o) a ("r#on . Human $i)" #(an
6am($"#5
Morta$it% rat" amon/ di!orc"d ("o($" &+")or"t*"% r"ac* %"ar o$d' +"cau#" o) *"artdi#"a#"- canc"r- and #tro:" i# dou+$" com(ar"dto t*o#" *o ar" marri"d. 4ri(($" +"cau#" o)*%("rt"n#ion- ,!" )o$d +"cau#" o) commitin/
#uicid"- #"!"n )o$d +"cau#" o) $i!"r di#"a#"'- andt"n )o$d +"cau#" o) tu+"rcu$o#i#.
H"nc" -" n""d to communicat" it* ot*"r#5 our )ami$%
m"m+"r#- )ri"nd#- n"i/*+our- co$$"a/u"- orcommunit% m"m+"r#.
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FI6LDS OF HUMA COMMUICA4IO
'(iritual Communication
r")"r# to communication (roc"## it*
ALLAH0QOD durin/ #o$a*- 7i:r- (ra%in/- r"("ntin/ -
"tc.
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"ntra(ersonelCommunication
Intra("r#ona$ communication i#t*" acti!" int"rna$ in!o$!"m"nt
o) t*" indi!idua$ in #%m+o$ic(roc"##in/ o) m"##a/"#.
4*" indi!idua$ +"com"# *i# or *"ron #"nd"r and r"c"i!"r-
(ro!idin/ )""d+ac: to *im or*"r#"$) in an on/oin/ int"rna$
(roc"##.
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"nter(ersonalCommunication
I# t*" (roc"## t*rou/* *ic* ("o($"cr"at" and mana/" t*"ir r"$ation#*i(#-""rci#in/ mutua$ r"#(on#i+i$it% incr"atin/ and #*arin/ m"anin/
&t*ou/*t- )""$in/# or "("ri"nc"'.
Int"r("r#ona$ communication a$#or"co/ni#"d a# d%adic communication
*ic* i# t*" (roc"## a$mo#t don"t*rou/* )ac" to )ac" in ord"r to"#ta+$i#*- maintain- r"(air- ord"t"riorat" int"r("r#ona$ r"$ation#*i(.
' ll )
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'mall )rou(Communication
r")"r# to t*" natur" o) communicationt*at occur# in a /rou( &+"t""n 3
and 1< to 2 indi!idua$#' *o #*ar"
id"a#- t*ou/*t- and )""$in/# in ord"rto r"#o$!" (ro+$"m#- to ma:"d"ci#ion &"am($"#5 m""tin/-
di#cu##ion- t"am +ui$din/ or tru#t+ui$din/ #"##ion'.
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Organi*ational Communication
Occur# in or/ani7ation "at*"r in a d%adic
communication u("rior and #u+ordinat"- or m"m+"r#in t*" #am" d"(artm"nt'- #ma$$ /rou( communication&in a m""tin/'- or (u+$ic communication (""c* )romC6O'G
*"t*"r it*in m"m+"r# in or/ani7ation &int"rna$
communication' or indi!idua$# or /rou(# )rom out#id"or/ani7ation &"t"rna$ communication'G
to #*ar" t*ou/*t and )""$in/# t*at ar" r"$at"d to("r#ona$ matt"r#- ta#:# &,nd n" id"a#- (ro+$"m
#o$!in/- d"ci#ion ma:in/' or: &in#truction#-coun#"$in/- ("r)ormanc" "!a$uation- int"r!i"-moti!ation- n" #ta induction (ro/ramm"- conictr"#o$ution' (roduct- or (roc"dur"# &ru$" and r"/u$ation-(o$ic% and act# ' in or/ani7ation-
*"t*"r in a )ac"JtoJ)ac" mann"r or t*rou * c*ann"$#
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Cor(orate Communication
A ,"$d o) #tud% t*at in!o$!"dcommunication a#("ct in cor(orat"
uc* a# mu$tinationa$ com(an% +a#"d
on (ro,t ori"ntation'.
4*" ,"$d i# r"$at"d to ima/" +ui$din/-cor(orat" r"(utation- +randin/-
,nancia$ r"(ort- cor(orat" cu$tur" andcom(an% ("r)ormanc" r"(ort.
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ublic Communication
Communication occurr"d in $ar/" /rou(&mor" t*an 2 ("o($"'
it* t*" aim
to #*ar" in)ormation or )""$in/#it* t*" *o(" to c*an/" t*" !a$u"#-
attitud"- and0or +"*a!iour o) t*"audi"nc" or to ma:" t*"
r"c"i!"r#0audi"nc" a/r""d it* t*"#ourc"0#"nd"r (att"rn o) t*ou/*t.
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Mass Communication
A )orm o) communication +% *ic*m"##a/"# ar" cr"at"d +% #"nd"r and
di#tri+ut"d to audi"nc" t*rou/*traditiona$ m"dia ton"- $"a!"#'G
(rint"d m"dia &+oo:#- r"(ort#-ma/a7in"'G or "$"ctronic m"dia
&radio- t!- int"rn"t #at"$$it"'.
Ma## m"dia i# an% m"dium u#"d totran#mit m"##a/"#.
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"ntercultural Communication
Communication +"t""n *umanit* di"r"nt cu$tur" &r"$i/ion-
norm#- ru$"# and ro$"#'+ac:/round.
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46RIMA EASIH