dynamic voltage restorer supported with a ...supply voltage can be stabilised by faucet changing...

DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORERSUPPORTED WITH A SUPER

CONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGYSTORAGE BATTERY

E.Sheeba Percis1, A.Nalini2,J.Gunasekaran3, J.Jayarajan4

T. Jenish5

1,2,3,4,5Dept of EEE1,2,4Associate Prof

3PG Scholar, 5Assistant Professor1,2,3,4,5Dr.M.G.R. Educational and Research

Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai, [email protected]

August 1, 2018

Abstract

The superconducting magnetic energy storage system(SMES) has been emulate by a high-current inductor to ex-amine a system employing both SMES and battery energystorage experimentally. which involves of a series-connectedthree phase voltage source inverter used to regulate ac volt-age, and bidirectional dc/dc converters used to control en-ergy storage system charge and discharge. DC bus levelsignaling and voltage droop control have been used to rou-tinely control power from the magnetic energy storage sys-tem through short-duration, high-power voltage sags, al-though the battery is used to provide power during longerterm, low-power below voltages. Energy storage system hy-bridization is shown to be advantageous by reducing bat-

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International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 120 No. 6 2018, 11417-11427ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

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tery peak power demand compared with a battery-only sys-tem, and by improving long-term voltage support capabil-ity compared with an SMES-only system. Consequently, theSMES/battery hybrid dynamic voltage restorer can supportboth short-term high-power voltage sags and long-term un-der voltages with significantly reduced superconducting ma-terial cost compared with an SMES-based system.

Key Words:Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), EnergyStorage Integration, Sag, Superconducting Magnetic En-ergy Storage, Battery. .

1 Introduction

The improvement of energy great is an critical goal for electricutilities and industrial and business purchasers. Surprisingly inter-mittent allotted generation, unexpectedly converting masses, anddirect-off-line strength electronic structures all make contributionsto decreased power first-rate inflicting device downtime, overloadand failure leading to misplaced revenue [1]. Voltage disturbanceis a common hassle and undervoltage conditions were visible toarise extra frequently than overvoltage conditions [2]. quick-termbeneath-voltage sags are defined in IEEE Std. 1159-1995 [3] as alower to among zero.1 and 0.nine p.u. (in line with unit) r.m.s volt-age for intervals of zero.5 cycles to one min. They occur extra oftenthan longterm below-voltages with tremendous costs to industry [4].long-term under-voltage activities are defined as a measured voltagemuch less than zero.eight-0.nine p.u. r.m.s voltage, lasting longerthan one minute [3] and may cause load shedding and doubtlesslyto voltage crumble [5]. The examine underneath affords a wayvia which each short-term and lengthy-time period voltage fluctu-ations can be mitigated at the load the usage of brief-time periodmagnetic power storage and long-term battery electricity garage.techniques to mitigate lengthy-term voltage disturbance, inclusiveof load disconnection [6] or change of loads for more low-voltageride-through capability can be impractical [7]. as an alternative,supply voltage can be stabilised by faucet changing transformers,uninterruptable strength resources (UPS), shunt connected com-pensators, or dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) structures. tap con-verting transformers were shown to suffer from a sluggish reaction

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time and can only output discrete voltage ranges [8]. united statesof America systems offer the whole voltage waveform at some stagein a power failure and can prove costly and useless in the occasionof partial voltage sags. A DVR is a sequence-linked device capa-ble of voltage compensation with rapid response time by meansof injecting a voltage in collection with the deliver. DVR struc-tures may be self-assisting by way of using electricity from the gridto mitigate disturbances [9]. rather, DVR systems can use energygarage to offer strength at some point of repayment which includecapacitors [10] for short-term storage or batteries [11] for longer-time period storage. Nielsen and Blaabjerg [12] have proven thatcapacitor-supported DVR systems can suffer from enormously neg-ative performance for severe and long length sags. A latest havea look at has proven that an ultra-capacitor primarily based DVR[13] can be used to mitigate quick-time period voltage sags lastingless than one minute. Wang and Venkataramanan [14] have shownthat flywheels are a feasible short-term strength garage technologyto be used with voltage restorer structures both experimentally andthrough simulation. Kim et al. [5] have described a three MJ/750kVA SMES-primarily based DVR machine and shown experimen-tal effects confirming that SMES is suitable for the compensationof brief-time period voltage sags. Shi et al. [16] have used a gadget-degree simulation to additionally display that SMES

Fig1: Hybrid energy storage DVR system configuration.

strength garage is able to compensating voltage sags lasting 100ms.short-term voltage reimbursement on my own may not be enough

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to protect a sensitive load as each long-term [5], [7] and brief-timeperiod [2-4] voltage stability has been shown to present a problemfor lots customers. because of this, this look at considers the usageof SMES/battery hybrid electricity storage to compensate long andbrief-term voltage fluctuations. Woong et al. [8] have also consid-ered a SMES/battery hybrid and proven it’s far feasible for smooth-ing of renewable power generator output energy and can result indecreased energy garage gadget potential and prolonged batteryexistence. Li et al. [9] have proven that a SMES/battery strengthgarage system can improve battery lifetime in electric buses. Denget.al. [10] have supplied a SMES/battery hybrid device for decreas-ing peak grid power in an electric car charging station. Nie et al.have also supplied a SMES/battery hybrid device and shown itsfeasibility in dealing with long time and brief term fee/dischargeactivities in a wave power conversion system [13]. This have alook at extends preceding simulation-based totally SMES/batteryhybrid device studies [8-10] by using thinking about the hardwareimplementation of a SMES/battery electricity storage device. Thedesign is shown to be able to interfacing SMES and battery electric-ity storage systems and controlling their power sharing to help a 3phase load, in the course of both lengthy-term and brief-time periodvoltage sags. This has advantages in terms of advanced long-timeperiod voltage guide capability and decreased charges in compar-ison with a purely SMES-based totally device. extra advantagesencompass reduced battery electricity rating requirement and animprovement in expected battery existence in comparison with abattery-best system.

2 METHODOLOGY

The DVR gadget taken into consideration. The SMES has beenemulated by using a 15mH, 100A inductor. at some stage in avoltage error a 3-section inverter is used to generate the repaymentvoltage at the number one of the injection transformers (T1-T3) sothat the burden voltage stays near nominal. DC/DC converters areused to interface the battery and SMES-emulator to the DC bus.An auxiliary supply (Aux. deliver) is used to assist the DC busat some point of standby operation and charge the power garage

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gadgets. The auxiliary deliver is disconnected and the electricitystorage devices offer the essential electricity for the inverter to helpthe load throughout a voltage errors. The objective of the DVRcontrol system is to minimise supply voltage variations at the loadterminals. This is achieved by generating a compensating voltage atthe series injection transformer terminals. (a) shows various DVRvoltage control techniques. In phase compensation causes the com-pensating voltage to be in phase with the incoming supply voltageand has been shown to result in the lowest DVR power rating [12].Pre-sag compensation preserves the phase of the incoming supplyat the time a sag occurs which can be beneficial in protecting loadsthat are sensitive to phase disturbances. Energy optimal controlis used to minimise DVR energy storage requirement by injectinga voltage in quadrature to the load current. In phase compensa-tion and Pre-sag compensation have been considered in this study.The control scheme was implemented in the synchronous referenceframe as shown in (b) by converting three phase AC quantities toequivalent two phase quantities.

Fig2: Simulated voltage sag with phase jump

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Sine-wave pulse width modulation (SPWM) or area vector mod-ulation (SVM) have been taken into consideration for producingthe inverter output voltage. SVM is high quality because of higherutilisation of the DC bus voltage and which lets in deeper sag re-imbursement. but, SPWM lets in the possibility to mitigiate un-balanced faults so this method became applied on this take a lookat. The inverter control was applied the usage of a Texas devicesF28069 32-bit micro-controller by using discretisation of the man-age and PLL algorithms.

3 ENERGY STORAGE TOP-LEVEL

CONTROL

The objective of the pinnacle-stage strength storage manage strat-egy became to manipulate the rate/discharge of every strengthgarage device. A modern vs. voltage lively droop feature becameselected as this method has been proven to provide properly bal-ance and energetic energy sharing [6]. The converter reference cur-rents are primarily based solely on the level of the DC bus voltagethat is fantastic as excessive-bandwidth conversation between the3 exclusive converters isn’t vital. The fee or discharge priority ofan strength garage device may be adjusted raising or reducing itsnominal DC bus voltage the usage of a technique referred to as DCbus signaling [7]. The system turned into configured to prioritisethe SMES-emulator to price/discharge before the battery. with theaid of continually prioritising the short term power storage, batteryenergy cycling is reduced that can improve battery lifetime [9].

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4 SMES-EMULATOR SYSTEM

To reduce fees and be able to examine a SMES-battery hybrid DVRmanage platform, the SMES tool turned into emulated by usingthe use of a 15mH iron-middle inductor on this look at. The SMESconverter changed into primarily based on the asymmetric H-bridgeconfiguration proven. This converter become rated at up to 220Anon-stop present day the usage of compelled air cooling. for theduration of price, Q2 is held on and Q1 is modulated whereas atsome point of discharge Q1 is held off and Q2 is modulated. theconnection among DC bus present day, inductor present day andresponsibility ratio, is given by (12) and (13) for price and discharge,respectively [14].

5 CONCLUSION

The performance a novel hybrid DVR system topology has beenassessed experimentally and proven to efficaciously offer voltagecompensation for short-term sags and long-term below-voltages. Aprototype gadget has been advanced which demonstrates an pow-erful technique of interfacing SMES and battery strength storagestructures to support a 3 phase load. The gadget has been provento autonomously prioritise using the short-time period energy stor-age system to support the weight at some stage in deep, quick-timeperiod voltage sags and a battery for decrease intensity, lengthy-time period underneath-voltages. this could have advantages inphrases of stepped forward voltage guide functionality and reducedfees as compared with a SMES-primarily based system. extra ben-efits encompass reduced battery energy rating requirement and anexpected improvement in battery existence as compared with abattery-handiest machine due to reduced battery energy cyclingand peak discharge power.

6 Future Scope:

The research work can be extendable for the use of wind energy.The control techniques can be enhanced to design different controlschemes. The proposed scheme can be used with battery-based

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system even in the absence of solar energy during night times andcloudy days.

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