e. interactions within communities 1. interspecific competition a. 2 or more species struggling for...
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numbernumber time PREY PREDATOR d. note: there is always more of the prey the two cycles are out of synch as there is a delay in the effect as predator #’s increase, prey #’s fall; as prey #’s fall, predator #’s fallTRANSCRIPT
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E. INTERACTIONS WITHIN COMMUNITIES
1. Interspecific competition
a. 2 or more species struggling for the same resource
b. both species will lose
c. eg.
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2. Predation a. one species kills and eats another
b. the predator gains but the prey loses c. but if the predator eats too many prey, then
the prey runs out & predator also loses
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n
u
m
b
e
r time
PREY
PREDATOR
d. note: there is always more of the prey the two cycles are out of synch as there is a delay in the effect
as predator #’s increase, prey #’s fall;
as prey #’s fall, predator #’s fall
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3. Defense mechanisms a. camouflage – don’t get seen by predator OR prey
eg. rabbit OR bobcat
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b. toxins – produce or accumulated
eg. Monarch butterfly
eg. sea slug
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c. mimicry - pretend to be toxic
eg. Viceroy butterflyNot toxic, but appears to be
eg. Monarch butterflyWings are toxic.
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d. distractors – trick the predator in some way
large eyespots distract the predator
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4. Symbiosis
a. mutualism - both gain
eg. oxpecker & giraffe
Oxpecker gets to eat insects and giraffe gets rid of parasites
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b. commensalism - one gains, one unaffected
eg. algae on back of turtle
Algae gets a sunny perch and turtle which is already green, gets no benefit, nor any harm.
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c. parasitism - one gains, one loses
eg. mosquito and you
The mosquito gets blood for its eggs and you lose blood and may get a disease.
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what type of defense is this?
rattlesnake
hoverfly
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The rattlesnake has to warn off animals so it does not have to use its TOXIN.
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The bee has warning colours as its sting is ‘toxic’. But the hoverfly has no sting and so it is a MIMIC.
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Questions D from pg 8.