The organisation and managemente organisation and management o of urbanf urban

public transportpublic transport in Polandin Poland including the case of Gdyniaincluding the case of Gdynia

aand the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Baynd the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Bay

prof. Olgierd Wyszomirski– Zarząd Komunikacji Miejskiej w Gdyni(The Urban Public Transport Organising Authority of Gdynia), Metropolitalny Związek Komunikacyjny Zatoki Gdańskiej(The Metropolitan Transport Union of Gdansk Bay),Uniwerystet Gdański (The University of Gdansk)

Marcin Gromadzki– Zarząd Komunikacji Miejskiej w Gdyni(The Urban Public Transport Organising Authority of Gdynia), Public Transport Consulting Reda

Lubin, 6-7.10.2010 r.

THE AREA SCOPE AND THE MODESOF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN POLAND

Urban public transport in Poland operates within the urbanand village communes (administrative units) organically connected with towns.

All networks of town public transport use buses.Additionally, 14 networks use trams, and 3 networks – trolleybuses, while one network uses underground and city trains (Warsaw).

DEMAND FOR URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES IN POLAND

Within the last 20 years (1988-2008) urban public transport patronage has decreased by 55% (from 9 to 4 bln passengers).

The main reason of patronage decrease is the developmentof individual transportation.

In 2008 the motorisation index on the whole country scalewas 422 cars per 1000 inhabitants, while in big citiesand agglomerations it exceeded 500 cars per 1000 inhabitants.

RESTRUCTURING OF THE URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN POLAND

There occurs a tendency in Poland to separate the transport organisation part from the transport execution and to introduce competition in bus transport system.

Between 1991-2010 a total of 30 specialised units dealingwith the organisation of urban transport were called into beingin the form of the so called organising authorities.

Only in a few cases the organising authority was liquidatedand the organisation responsibilities were handed over toan urban transportation company or to the City Hall Department.

FORMS OF ACTIVITY OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT ORGANISING AUTHORITIES

IN POLAND

Most of the urban public transport organising authorities operate in the form of a specialised budget unit of a commune(one as a specialised limited liability company).

Some urban public transport organising authorities operate within the road and transport (infrastructure) organising authoritiesas their departments.

Still other urban public transport organising authorities functionas a branch office of inter-commune association of public transport.

SCOPE OF ORGANISATION TASKS OF THE URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN ORGANISING

AUTHORITIES IN POLAND

The scope of organisation tasks of the urban public transport organising authorities in Poland is varied.

Organising authorities whose range of tasks is narrowest planthe development of the urban public transport only.

Those organising authorities whose range of tasks is widest deal with the supervision and traffic regulation of the city public transport vehicles.

There are no public transport organising authorities which organise regional transport beside organising urban transport.

Operators are in charge of organising regional transportby themselves.

OPERATORS WHICH HAVE CONTRACTSWITH THE URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT ORGANISING AUTHORITIES IN POLAND

Urban public transport organising authorities in Polandhave contracts with operators mainly, which are ownedby communes and appear mostly in the form of limited liability companies. Their share in the market is dominant.

Private operators, whose share in the market rangesfrom about several to several tenth of percent,function in the bus transportation system only.

It is only in one town (Elbląg) where three private operators provide services to 100% of the market. One of them is a privatised urban operator.

URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT ORGANISING AUTHORITIES IN POLAND IN 2010

Presently there are 24 specialised urban public transport organising authorities, in big cities and agglomerations mainly.

Zarząd Komunikacji Miejskiej w Gdyni (The Urban Transport Organising Authority of Gdynia) is one of the urban public transport organising units which was established in 1992 and has been operating for the longest period of time.

Urban Public Transport Organising Authority in Gdynia cooperates with Metropolitalny Związek Transportowy Zatoki Gdańskiej (Metropolitan Transportation Union of the Gdańsk Bay),which integrates the functions of the urban public transport within the area of 14 communes.

GDYNIA AND THE METROPOLITAN AREAOF THE GDAŃSK BAY AS AN AREA

OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATIONS (I)

Gdynia is second biggest city considering the number of inhabitants (250 thousand inhabitants) in the Metropolitan Area of the Gdańsk Bay, comprising 14 communes, including 8 urban communes. Gdańsk is the main city of the Conurbation (450 thousand inhabitants).

The Conurbation is a very important transportation huband one of the biggest economic, academic, scientific and cultural centres located in northern Poland. The part of the Conurbationis Tri-City comprising Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia. The Conurbation covers the area of 1200 square kilometres and it has almost one million inhabitants.

GDYNIA AND METROPOLITAN AREAOF THE GDAŃSK BAY AS AN AREA

OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATIONS (II)

Both in Gdynia and Sopot buses, trolleybuses and urban trainsare used.

Buses, tramways and urban trains are used in Gdańsk.

Additionally in the summer season water tramways operatein Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia.

Buses are used on the remaining area of the Conurbationand urban trains in most of the communes.

MOBILITY AND MODAL SPLIT IN GDYNIA– REPRESENTATIVE RESEARCH 2008

employed people: 1.95 trips per day;

unemployed people: 1.16 trips per day;

retired people: 0.89 trips per day;

retired disabled people: 0.83 trips per day;

pupils and students: 2.06 trips per day;

people with no car: 1.29 trips per day;

main car users: 2.04 trips per day;

average: 1.64 trips per day;

public transport: 52% of non-walking trips;

passenger car: 47% of non-walking trips;

bicycle and others: 1 % of non-walking trips.

STAGES OF URBAN TRANSPORT RESTRUCTURING IN GDYNIA (I)

1. Establishing the Urban Transport Organising Authorityand opening transportation services to competetive transport providers (1992).

2. Liquidation of the monopoly of the urban transport company and establishing three companies on the basis of its property (1994): company using buses and trolleybuses; company using buses only; company providing the services of vehicles,

repairs and rebuilding bus bodies into trolleybus bodies.

STAGES OF CITY TRANSPORT RESTRUCTURING

IN GDYNIA (II)

3. Transforming the bus and trolleybus company (1998) intotwo seperate companies: one using trolleybuses and the other using buses only.

4. Privatising the company providing repairing servicesand changing bus bodies into trolleybus bodies(after a few years of operating as a private entity this company was liquidated).

TASKS OF THE ORGANISING AUTHORITYOF PUBLIC TRANSPORT (ZKM) IN GDYNIA

planning public transport development; scheduling; preparing tariff drafts; contracting operators; issuing tickets, distributing and inspecting; supervising and controlling operation of transport and

regulating traffic; maintaining stations and stops; informing about public transport operation; carrying out marketing research.

SCOPE AND SIZE OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT ORGANISING AUTHORITY MARKET IN GDYNIA The market of the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia comprises Gdynia commune (250 thousand inhabitants) and 6 neighbouring urban and village communes (altogether 100 thousand inhabitants).

At the commission of the Urban Transport Authority in Gdynia functions: one trolleybus operator; 8 bus operators; one operator of water trams.

Urban trains operate beyond the Urban Transport Organising Authority market in Gdynia.

The yearly number of passengers of the Urban Transport Organising Authority in Gdynia is 100 mln, including 82 mln in Gdynia. Operators perform 19,6 mln vehicle kilometres in total [2010], including 17,1 mln in Gdynia. The public transport market in Gdynia is a part of public transport market of the Metropolitan Area of the Gdańsk Bay.

CONTRACTING TRANSPORT SERVICES BY THE ORGANISING AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC

TRANSPORT IN GDYNIAThree operators owned by Gdynia commune (PKA, PKM and PKT),have been operating since the 1st of December 2009 within the entrusted activity, subject to the City of Gdynia Council Resolution and executory agreement with the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia, according to the EU resolutions no 1191 dated from 1969 and no 1370 dated from 2007.

Cost division of these operators into the entrusted activity and commercial activity as well as the level of the entrusted activity costs are subject to audit carried out by the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia.

Private operators provide transport services on the basis of contracts signed as a result of tendering procedure carried out by the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia according to the Polish Public Procurement Law.

DIVISION OF TRANSPORTATION TASKS WITHIN THE MARKET OF ORGANISING

AUTHORITYOF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN GDYNIA IN 2010

PKM – company owned by Gdynia commune, 90 buses in use: 33% of vehicle kilometers;

PKA – company owned by Gdynia commune, 70 buses in use: 22% of vehicle kilometers;

PKT – company owned by Gdynia commune, 85 trolleybusesin use: 25% of vehicle kilometers;

6 private operators, 70 buses in use: 20% of vehicle kilometers.

TROLLEYBUS TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENTIN GDYNIA

Between the years 2004-2007 within the project co-financed by the European Union: new trolleybus routes of the total length of 10,6 km as well   as a modern trolleybus depot for 90 vehicles were built in Gdynia; 10 new low-floor trolleybuses were purchased.

Modernisation of a part of the trolleybus network as well as its electricity supply will be carried out between the years 2010-2011 within the frames of another project co-financed by the EU as well as 25 new trolleybuses equipped with an additional auxiliary drive will be purchased.

FUNDING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTORGANIZED BY THE ORGANISING AUTHORITY

OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN GDYNIA

Transport services organized by the Organising Authorityof Public Transport in Gdynia are funded: in 40 % by ticket revenues; in 60 % by budget grants.

Some investments are funded by the European Union and Gdynia city budget.

METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT UNION OF GDANSK BAY (METROPOLITALNY ZWIĄZEK

KOMUNIKACYJNY ZATOKI GDAŃSKIEJ)

The Metropolitan Transport Union of Gdansk Bay was establishedin 2007 by 13 communes that form the Metropolis of Gdansk Bay, including the cities of Gdansk, Sopot, Gdynia and Wejherowo.Its main task is to create fully integrated and high quality public transport with the Metropolis.The organizational structure of the Union consists of the Assembly and the Board.The Assembly is the constitutive and controling body of the Union.The Board is the executive body of the Union.Presently the Union’s task is the tariff and tickets integration as well as information and promotion integration of metropolitan public transport. The aim is that the Union is to take over the tasks which the local transport organising authorities are presently in charge of.

METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT UNION OF GDANSK BAY (METROPOLITALNY ZWIĄZEK

KOMUNIKACYJNY ZATOKI GDAŃSKIEJ)

THE PROCESS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTEGRATION IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA

OF THE GDANSK BAYIn 2008 the Metropolitan Union of Gdansk Bay introduced metropolitan (integration) tickets that enable passengersto travel by all transport modes (buses, trams, trolleybuses, trains) of 4 organizers using only one ticket.

The organizers are: Public Transport Organising Authority in Gdansk; Public Transport Organising Authority in Gdynia; Organizer and operator of Urban Public Transport in Wejherowo; Organizer and operator of Rail Transport in Metropolis.

In the future the Union will assume responsibility forthe organization and financing of public transport in the whole metropolitan area.

METROPOLITAN TICKETS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF THE GDANSK BAY

Metropolitan tickets are issued by the Union of Gdansk Bay Public Transport and distributed by the local public transport organizers including the urban railway.

All member communes pay annual levy for the Union.Money are then remitted to local public transport organizersto compensate their lost revenues (due to accepting metropolitan tickets).

The Union is also responsible for collecting revenues from metropolitan tickets and allocating them amongst local public transport organizers.

URBAN RAILWAY IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA

OF THE GDANSK BAY

Urban railway is the backbone of the metropolitan area’s public transport network. It has 33 stations with the Metropolitan Areaof the Gdańsk Bay. In peak time trains are running every 7-8 minutes.

The urban railway stakeholders are: Polish State Treasury; Polish Railways; Pomeranian Province; Cities of Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot and Pruszcz Gdanski.

In 2009 the number of passengers carried by urban railwaywas 38 milion.

WATER-TRAMS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREAOF GDANSK BAY

The local public transport organizers in Gdansk and Gdynia organize every summer (June-August) water-tram connections from Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot to the Hel Peninsula.

Water-tram lines are operated on behalf of local public organizersby local shipping company (Żegluga Gdanska).

Cruises are mainly provided by catamarans. Every catamaran can carry 450 passangers.

MAIN DIRECTIONS IN THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA

OF THE GDAŃSK BAY

Extension and modernisation of tramway and trolleybus network as well as purchase of advanced technology tramways, trolleybuses and buses.;

Implementation of the Metropolitan Rail project as an another urban train line (a pre-feasibility study for a new urban railway line called Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway is almost completed);

Sale of seasonal tickets via the Internet;

Making timetables available through mobile phones;

Making metropolitan tickets available through mobile phones.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Contact:

Olgierd Wyszomirski: o.wyszomirski@zkmgdynia.pl

Marcin Gromadzki: ptc.gromadzki@gmail.com