e3t e fficiency emerging echnologies mogul base led lamps
TRANSCRIPT
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Mogul Base LED Lampsfor Retrofits
E3T Emerging Technologies Showcase
Leora RadetskyLighting Research Center
Levin NockAerotek Contractor for BPA Energy Efficiency
September 24, 2015
Sponsored by BPA’s E3T Program
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E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
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E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Mogul Base LED Lampsfor Retrofits
E3T Emerging Technologies Showcase
Leora RadetskyLighting Research Center
Levin NockAerotek Contractor for BPA Energy Efficiency
September 24, 2015
Sponsored by BPA’s E3T Program
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E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
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BPA markets wholesale electric power andtransmission services in the PacificNorthwest, mostly to public utilities.
HQ in Portland, Oregon
3,100 employees
Founded 1937
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging TechnologiesE3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Average Wattage of HID Lamps in the USA
Most HID Mogul Base Lamps > 175W
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(Adapted from U.S. Department of Energy/Navigant Consulting, 2012. “2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization”.)
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging TechnologiesE3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
• HID lamps: 26% of lighting energy; 2% of installed units• LED replacements: strategic energy savings
HID Lamps use 26% of Lighting Energy
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Estimated US Energy Use (2010) by Lamp Type and Sector.(Adapted from U.S. Department of Energy/Navigant Consulting, 2012. “2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization”.)
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
DesignLights Consortium (DLC)
• Lamps• Screw-in power• NOT listed (yet?)
• Retrofit Kits• Hard-wired power• Listed
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http://www.acuitybrandslighting.com/library/ll/documents/otherdocuments/kad-led%20luminaire%20&%20retrofit%20door%20brochure.pdf
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
DesignLights Consortium
Are mogul lamps the next TLEDs?(4-foot Tubular LED)
• Popular with end users, market growing• Broad range of quality• Questions about safety• When DLC sets a high bar, new products improve
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DLC technical requirements are applicable to “new” products (not existing installations)
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NVLAP-accreditedtesting laboratory
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30,000 sq. ft. nearRensselaer campus
Research & educationrevenue = $6 M/year
40-60 concurrentprojects in field & lab
Advancing the effective use of light,thereby creating a positive legacyfor society and the environment.
34 full-time faculty & staff,15 graduate students
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Timeline
2014 2015Market ResearchProducts PurchasedLab TestsTest ReportsPresentations
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Lamp Bases:1.5” Mogul is larger than 1” Medium
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1.0 inches
Medium
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
• Purchased Spring and Summer 2014• Specifier survey March 2014
– 191 non-manufacturer respondents– 30% had experience with mogul base
LED lamps• Applied DLC version 2.1 criteria for
retrofit kits to lamp testing– Hard-wired retrofit kit criteria used;
no lamp spec at that time– Retrofit kit method requires that light
sources (e.g. kits) are tested in a pre-approved, “typical” luminaire
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DLC v 2.1 Retrofit Kit Criteria(Requirements differ by luminaire type)
Min. Light Output 270 – 9000 lm
Min. Efficacy 58-78
Min. CRI 63-68
Max. CCT 6022
Min. Power Factor 0.873
Max. THDi 21
Methods
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Survey Results
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Types of mogul base LED lamps evaluated or specified by respondents
Wallpack/Roadway/Area
“Cylinder” post top(decorative streetlight)
High bay / canopy
PAR
Parking garage
Yard light(n = 42)
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Methods• 35 mogul base lamps in luminaires
were tested• Six test luminaires (according to DLC
retrofit criteria)• Decorative streetlight• Area light• Cobra head• High bay• Wall pack• *Yard light
(not a covered DLC category,sponsor interest)
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Caveat: Some products may be obsolete
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Measured Luminaire Light Output
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% meeting DLC Version 2.1 criterion: 91%
Legend: Light green area pass; white area fail
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Photometric Results: CRI(Color Rendering Index)
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% meeting DLC Version 2.1 criterion: 94%
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Photometric Results: CCT(Correlated Color Temperature)
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% meeting DLC Version 2.1 criterion: 86%
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Electrical Results: Power Factor
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% meeting DLC Version 2.1 criterion: 83%
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Electrical Results: THDi(Total Harmonic Distortion in current)
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% meeting DLC Version 2.1 criterion: 83%
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% meeting DLC Version 2.1 criterion: 51%
wikimedia
Luminaire Efficacy
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Results: Thermal Protection
Four lamps demonstratedreduced power and lightoutput after being operatedfor some period of time
Measured results are for lowerpower/light operation
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Lamps meet DLC Retrofit Kit Spec?• 35 lamp-luminaire combos, 13 would pass DLC v2.1 (37%)
• 15 failed luminaire efficacy• 3 were unstable (power and/or light output fluctuates too
much to be accurately measured)• 3 failed CCT• 3 yard lights no category, might pass as ‘exterior, other’• No wall pack products passed
• What would pass, if socket power was acceptable• 3 area light (shoebox) and 4 cobra head
– Three lamps were cylindrical, other four lamps were half-cylindrical
• 2 acorn, 1 high bay
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• Good news for persistent energy savings: HID lamps don’t work in convertedsockets.
• 18 MH lamps tested in converted sockets (277 V, bypassed ballast)• 9 non-protected lamps, 9 protected lamps (175W, 250W, 400W)
– Protected lamps have an additional envelope around the arc tube
• 15 lamps failed gracefully, including all protected lamps• 2 (non-protected) lamps shattered• 1 lamp survived
• Preliminary tests suggest installing a “fast-acting” replaceable fuse in eachbypassed luminaire to lower pulse energy by over 90% and prevent non-passive failures in case of snap-back
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ReplacementSafety
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Application Efficacy Calculations• Is mogul base LED performance equivalent to HID performance?• Luminaire efficacy does not predict application performance• Luminaire system application efficacy (LSAE) considers energy efficiency of
light delivered to the task plane (light distribution, mounting height,luminaire-task geometry) rather than only considering the lamp or luminaire
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E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
• Tested luminaire intensity distributionsused to simulate applicationperformance at different mountingheights and spacing
• LSAE calculations for: parking lot,streets, warehouse
• Conclusion: Several productspurchased in Spring/ Summer 2014,required closer spacing and/or lowermounting heights than incumbent HIDluminaires (not one-for-onereplacements)
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Application Efficacy CalculationsPower: 100 WMounting height: 10 ftIlluminance: 1 fc
wasted light
Power: 100 WMounting height: 30 ftIlluminance: 0.1 fc
Power: 100 WMounting height: 30 ftIlluminance: 0.1 fc
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• LSAE warehouse application– 4 high bay (HB) combinations– Typical aisle simulated in AGi32– Various mounting heights (25 – 40 ft.)
and spacings (10 – 40 ft.) used– IES maintained illuminance levels
and uniformity criteria
• Results– Max. luminaire spacing: 10 – 15 feet– Max. mounting height (MH): 35 feet– LSAE: < 18 lm/W
• Layout had to meet light level and uniformity criteria– Much closer spacing required than typically used
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Warehouse lighting criteria Avg. Illum.(lux)
Avg:Minratio
Hor. Illum floor 100 5:1
Vert. Illum. racks 50 5:1
wastedLight
(light levelstoo high)
Application Efficacy Calculations
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• LSAE parking lot application– 4 yard light (YL) combinations– Various mounting heights (MH)
(5-45 ft.) were considered– IES RP-20-98 criteria
• Results– Max. luminaire spacing:
60 x 60 ft. (at 25 ft. MH)– Max. mounting height:
45 ft. (with 50 x 48 ft. pole spacing)– LSAE: up to 33 lm/W (at 10 ft. MH)– Much smaller coverage area than incumbent HPS area lights
• e.g. 150W HPS at 30 ft. MH meets RP-20 criteria with 140 x 110 ft. pole spacing(LSAE = 7 lm/W)
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RP-20-98Parking lot criteria
Min. Illum.(lux)
Max:Minratio
2 20:1
Yard Light Luminaire and Lamp #5
Application Efficacy Calculations
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
• LSAE roadway application– 5 decorative acorn (AC) combinations– Various mounting heights (MH)
(15-45 ft.) were considered– IES RP-08-00 roadway
lighting criteria for collector roads• Results
– Max. pole spacing: 60 ft.(at 15 ft. MH)
– Max. mounting height: 45 ft.(with 40 ft. pole spacing)
– LSAE: up to 22 lm/W (at 30 ft. MH)– Much shorter pole spacing than those typically used
(50 – 200 ft., 125 ft. on average)
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RP-08-00Roadwaylightingcriteria
Avg.Illum.(lux)
Avg:MinIllum.ratio
Veilingluminance
ratio
9 4:1 0.4
Decorative Acorn Luminaire and Lamp #3
Application Efficacy Calculations
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Recent DLC ProposedMogul Base LED Lamp Spec
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• Select one of two proposed qualification paths:1. Omnidirectional, light output is similar in all directions2. Directional lamps have luminaire criteria (similar to
retrofit kit criteria, using pre-approved luminaires)• Same requirements as luminaires of the same type (Version
3.0 technical criteria)• Lamps tested in this project are directional• 35 lamp-luminaire combos, 13 would also pass DLC v3.0
Standard (37%)
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Conclusion:A DLC specification could help
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• Most lamps met DLC version 2.1 criteria except for luminaire efficacy– Same results for DLC version 3.0 Standard Performance criteria
• Efficacy and application efficacy: mixed results• Many products were not equivalent to incumbent products in
terms of application performance
• Long term reliability not tested (beyond noticing that some lampsreduce power & light output to 50% when overheated)
• Reports: www.bpa.gov/goto/e3t Current Research SSL Testing
http://www.bpa.gov/EE/Technology/EE-emerging-technologies/Projects-Reports-Archives/Pages/SSL-Testing.aspx
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Questions?
Leora RadetskyResearch ScientistLighting Research CenterRensselaer Polytechnic [email protected]
Levin NockResearch Project ManagerAerotek Contractor for BPA Energy [email protected]
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