ear and eye
TRANSCRIPT
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Terms
accommodation focus for near, when the ciliary
muscle contracts the suspensory fibres to the
lens relax and the lens becomes rounder.
ALT argon laser trabeculoplasty, in which the
argon laser is used to make several small holesin the aqueous drainage area to assist in reducing
eye pressure.
amaurosisblindness.
amaurosis fugax 'fleeting blindness', usually describing
transient marked loss of vision in one
eye.
amblyopia sometimes called 'lazy eye', meaning
an eye that has developed reduced vision as a
consequence of a fault in early life, e.g. error in
focus or squint. In old literature, may mean
poor vision from any cause.
angle the zone in the recess of the front chamber
where aqueous drains.
anisocoria inequality of pupil size.
anterior chamber the front cavity between the
anterior uveitis inflammation within the front
aphakia absence of the lens, usually surgical.
aqueous watery fluid filling the front chamber.
ARMD age-related macular degeneration.
astigmatism uneven focus, usually due to an irregular
cornea.
blepharitis inflammation of the eyelid margin.
BRblind register.
bulbar of the eyeball.
buphthalmos a form of glaucoma found in childcornea
and lens/iris.
chamber, synonymous with iritis.hood when the eye tends to enlarge.
canthus inner or outer angle of the eyelids.
cataract lens opacity.
CFS counting fingers vision-less than 6/60but
chalazion meibomian cyst.
ciliary injection redness of the blood vessels on
chemosis swelling due to collection of fluid becolloid
bodiespalelesions within the retina, usu-
CSGchronic simple glaucoma.
cupping abnormal enlargement of the central
cup in the optic nerve head.
cycloplegic agent that dilates the pupil andparalyses accommodation.
dacryoadenitis inflammation (usually infective)
of the tear gland.
dacryocystitis inflammation (usually infective)
of the tear sac.
dendritic 'branch-like', usually referring to the
characteristic pattern of herpes simplex corneal
ulceration.
better than hand movements.
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the eyeball near the margin of the cornea.
neath the conjunctiva.
ally a sign of ageing.
dioptre a measure of focusing strength of a lens.
diplopia double vision, which may be binocular
(only with both eyes open) or monocular (persisting
with one eye open).
disc optic nerve head visible with the
ophthalmoscope.
driisen see colloid bodies.
ectropion eyelid margin pulled away from the
endophthalmitis inflammation (usually infecentropion
eyelid margin turned in towards the
enucleation removal of the eyeball.
epiphora overflowing tears, watering of the
eyeball.
tion) of the internal eye.
eyeball.
eye.
erosion spontaneous renewal of a site of previousabrasion or ulceration, usually on the cornea.
exophthalmosseeproptosis.exudatepale shiny retinal lesions related to leakage
of plasma and characteristic especially of
diabetic retinopathy in which they may be
arranged in a circular ('circinate') pattern.
folliclepale lump made up of a collection ofwhite cells in the conjunctiva.
fornix recess of conjunctiva between the lid and
the upper and lower eyeball.
fovea small point of fixation and maximum sensitivity
in the retina, at the centre of the macula.
fundus interior of the back chamber visible withthe ophthalmoscope.
glaucomas group of conditions in which eye
pressure damages nerve fibres within the optic
nerve head.
globe eyeball.
guttae orgutt. Latin and its shorthand for drops.
high myopia short-sightedness greater than
about 10 dioptres.
HMS hand movements vision-worse than
counting fingers but better than perception of
light.
homonymous meaning 'same side', refers to the
visual field defect characteristic of a disorderbehind the optic chiasm.
hordeolum stye or inflammation of a lash follicle.
hypermetropia far-sightedness or longsightedness,
being able to see more clearly at
distance.
hyphaemablood in the front chamber which has
sedimented at the bottom.
hypopyon white cells in the front chamber which
have sedimented at the bottom.
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injection refers to reddening of the eye surface.
interpalpebralbetween the eyelids when the eye
IOFB intraocular foreign body.
IOL intraocular lens implant.
IOP intraocular pressure.
iridotomy making a hole in the iris, either surgikeratitis
inflammation of the cornea.
kerato referring to the cornea.
keratoplasty corneal graft or refashioning the
shape of thecornea,usually foropticalpurposes
KP keratic precipitates of white cells on the interior
surface of the cornea, as in iritis.
laser acronym of light amplification by the stimulated
emission of radiation.
LASIKlaser-assisted insifu keratomileusis. Atechnique to refashion the corneal contour for
refractive purposes.
limbus zone where the cornea meets the conjunctiva,
which coincides with the edge of visible
iris.loupe small magnifying aid.
macula usually refers to the area of retina
bounded by the major branch vessels temporal
to the optic nerve head. The fovea is at its centre.
Sometimes the term is used to refer to the fovea
itself.
media clear parts of the eye- tears, cornea, aqueous,
lens, vitreous.
metamorphopsia distortion of central vision,
particularly if straight lines look bent.
miosis constriction of the pupil.
monocular one eye.
mydriasis dilatation of the pupil.mydriatic drug that dilates the pupil.
myopia short-sightedness or near-sightedness,
being able to see more clearly when close (seehigh myopia).
NPL no perception of light vision. A completely
blind eye, unable to detect a bright light and
so worse than 'PL'. There are relatively few
causes.
nystagmus repetitive to-and-fro movements of
the eye in a variety of patterns.
occulenta orocc. Latin and its shorthand for
ointment.
OD oculus dextermeaning the right eye (RE).optometrist relatively new title for the professional
who was formerly titled an ophthalmic
optician.
0s oculus sinistermeaning the left eye (LE).oscillopsia sensation that stationary objects are
orbitbony cone behind the eyeball.
pannus scarring containing blood vessels at the
periphery of the cornea.
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papillarypattern of red lumps suggesting inflammation
around small blood vessels in the
conjunctiva.
PCposterior capsule of the lens. Sometimes postoperative
thickening is treated using the argon
laser.
phaco referring to the lens.
'phaco'phaco-emulsification, technique for removing
cataract through a small incision.
PLperception of light vision. Worse than hand
movements but better than no perception of
light.
posterior chamberback cavity between the lens
and retina. If the lens has been removed, this
means behind the iris.
presbyopia loss of focusing ability for near due tonormal ageing of the lens.
proptosisprotrusion of the eyeball, usually because
of pressure behind it in the orbit.
PSposterior synechiae, adhesions between theiris and lens that occur in iritis.
pseudophakiapresence of an artificial lens
implant.
PSRpartially sighted register.
ptosis drooping of the upper eyelid.
punctate in a pattern of small dots.
PVDposterior vitreous detachment, when the
vitreous shrinks and pulls away from the retina.
RAPD relative afferent pupil defect in which the
pupil reacts to bright light in an asymmetrical
way. Implies a disorder of the eye or optic nerve
on one side.
red reflex illumination of the pupil by light reflectedfrom the retina.
refractionbending of light rays. Also used for the
testing offocusing ability.retrobulbarbehind the eyeball.
rubeosis formation of abnormal new blood vessels
on the iris or in the aqueous drainage angle.
May lead to glaucoma.
scotoma area of loss of vision within the seeing
Snellen chart standard chart for measuring dis-
STFB subtarsal foreign body.
strabismus squint.
tarsal referring to the eyelid.tarsorrhaphy stitching together the eyelids,
either partially or completely.
tonometry measurement of internal eye pressure
by externally applied pressure.trabeculectomy operation for glaucoma, to improve
drainage of aqueous and lower eye
pressure.
trichiasis turning in of eyelashes so that they
damage the eye surface.
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uvea literally 'a grape', refers to pigmented tissues,
including the iris, ciliary body and
choroid, external to the retina.
uveitis inflammation of any part of the uvea. Anterior,
of the iris and ciliary body (as in iritis
or iridocyclitis). Posterior, of the choroid
(choroiditis). Pan, of all parts.
VA visual acuity. Sometimes recorded separately
as RVA (right visual acuity) and LVA (left visual
acuity), which may be recorded as just RV and
LV. If 'UA also appears, this refers to 'unaided'
vision, without glasses.
field, e.g. the blind spot.
tance vision.
visual acuity sharpness of vision.
vitrectomy removal of the vitreous, replacing
vitreous 'glass-like' jelly filling the back chamber
vitreous haemorrhagebleeding into the vitreous
jelly, which originates from the retina.
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Abbr.
AC Anterior chamberfluid-filled space between theirisand the
endothelium
AC 4/4 grade 4 Anterior chamber angle open angle betweencorneaand iris
AC 3/4 grade 3 Anterior chamber angle
AC 2/4 grade 2 Anterior chamber angle
AC 1/4 grade 1 Anterior chamber angle
AC 0/4 grade 0 Anterior chamber angle closed angle between cornea and iris
AC/AAccommodative convergence/
Accommodation ratio
the portion of the range ofconvergencethat
occurs in response toaccommodation
Acc Accommodation process of changingoptical powerto maintain
focusas distance changes
Ad Advised
Add Addition
AIT After-image transfer
ALT Alternating
ALT SOT Alternating esotropia
ALT XOT Alternating exotropia
ARC Anomalous retinal correspondence
A/V Arteriole/Venue ratio
BE Both Eyes
BIO Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
BSV Binocular single vision
BV Binocular vision
BVD Back vertex distance
BVP Back vertex power
CD Centration distance
C/D Cup/disc ratio
CFCount fingers visionstatedistance
c/o orc.o. Complains of
CT Cover test
c/u Check-up
CW Close work
Prism dioptre
D Dioptres
DC Dioptres cylinder
DNA Did not attend
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_chamber_of_eyeballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_chamber_of_eyeballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_%28anatomy%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_%28anatomy%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_%28anatomy%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotheliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotheliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodative_convergencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodative_convergencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_%28optics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_%28optics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advisedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advisedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advisedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_%28optics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_%28eye%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodative_convergencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonioscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotheliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_%28anatomy%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball -
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DOB Date of birth
DS Dioptres sphere
DV Distance vision
DVD Dissociated vertical deviation
EF Eccentric fixationFB Foreign body
FD Fixation disparity
FF Foveal fixation
FHG Family history ofglaucoma
FMH Family medical history
FOH Family ocular history
F/U Follow up appointment
GH General health
G(M)P General (medical) practitioner
HA Headaches
HARCHarmonious abnormal retinal
correspondence
HM Hand motion visionstate distance
Hx History
IOL Intra-ocular lens implant
IOP Intra-ocular pressure
ISNT Inferior, Superior, Nasal, Temporal rule used to assess optic disc appearance
K Keratometry
LE Left eye
LHyperT Left hypertropia
LHypoT Left hypotropia
LO Lenticular opacity
L/R FD L/R fixation disparity
L/R L hyperphoria
LSOT Left esotropia
LVA Low vision aid
MDU Mallett distance unit
MNU Mallett near unit
M.Wing Maddox Wing
MR Maddox Rod
NB: NAD No abnormality detected (is frequently used but is not recommended)
NCT Non-contact tonometer
ND Neutral density filter
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NPL No perception of light
NPCNear point of convergence or noprevious correction
NRC Normal retinal correspondence
NV Near vision
NWT Normal wearing time
o symptoms Zero symptoms
Horizontal orthophoria
Vertical orthophoria
Horizontal and VerticalOrthophoria
OC's Optical centres
Occ. Occupation
OD oculus dexter (right eye)
OH Ocular history
OMB Oculo motor balance
ONH Optic nerve head
Oph Ophthalmoscopy
OS oculus sinister (left eye)
OU oculus utro (both eyes)
PD Pupillary distance
PERRLAPupils equal, round, reactive tolight and accommodation
PH PinholePL Perception of light
POH /PrOH
Previous ocular history
PPA Peri-papillary atrophy
Px Patient
RAPD Relative afferent pupillary defect
RE Right eye
Ret. Retinoscopy
RHyperT Right HypertropiaRHypoT Right Hypotropia
RNFL Retinal nerve fibre layer
RPE Retinal pigment epithelium
RSOT Right Esotropia
Rx Prescription
SLE Slit lamp examination
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SLM Slit lamp microscope
SOP/ESOP Esophoria
SOT/ESOT Esotropia
Supp. Suppression
V Vision (unaided)VA Visual acuity (corrected)
VAL Left visual acuity
VAR Right visual acuity
VDU Visual display unit
VF Visual field
VPS Variable prism stereoscope
WD Working distance
X/12 X months
X/52 X weeks
X/7 X days
XOP/EXOP Exophoria
XOT/EXOT Exotropia
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30-2 Commonly used automated Humphrey visual LPI Laser peripeheral iridectomy
fields LP, LPO Light perception, light perception only
A/C or AC Anterior chamber LR Lateral rectus
ACG Angle closure glaucoma M Manifest (non-cyclopleged) refraction
ALPC Argon laser photocoagulation (often for M&N Mydriacyl & Neosynephrine mixture useddiabetic macular edema for pupil dilation
ALT Argon laser trabeculoplasty (for glaucoma) NLP No light perception
AMD Age-related macular degeneration NS or NSC Nuclear sclerotic cataract
APD Afferent pupillary defect NVD Neovascularization of the disc
BCC Basal cell cancer NVE Neovascularization of the retina elsewhere
BDR Background diabetic retinopathy (outside the disc)
BRVO Branch retinal vein occlusion NVI Neovascularization of iris
c or cc With refractive correction OD, OS, OU Right eye, left eye, both eyes
C/D Cup-to-disc ratio of the optic nerve OHT Ocular hypertension
CF Count fingers visual acuity P1, P2, P4 Pilocarpine (with concentration)
CL, HC Contact lenses, hard PC Posterior chamber or posterior capsule
SCL, EWSCL Soft and extended wear PD Prism diopters
CME Cystoid macular edema PE, PHACO Phacoemulsification
CRAO Central retinal artery occlusion PEE Punctate epithelial erosions
CRVO Central retinal vein occlusion PEG Punctate epithelial granularity
CSR or CSCR Central serous chorioretinopathy PEK Punctate epithelial keratitis or keratopathy
CVF Confrontation visual field PERL Pupils equal and reactive to light
cyl Cylinder (in refraction) PF, PA 1% Pred Forte eye drops, prednisolone acetate
D Diopter PH Pinhole
DCR Dacryocystorhinostomy PI 1/8 Phospholine Iodine 1/8%
DVD Dissociated vertical deviation (a form of PKP or PK Penetrating keratoplasty (cornea transplant)
strabismus POAG Primary open angle glaucoma
DVS Ductions, versions, saccades POHS Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
DWSCL Daily wear contact lenses PPDR Pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
ECCE c IOL Extracapsular cataract extraction with PRP Pan-retinal photocoagulation
intraocular lens implantation PSC Posterior subcapsular cataract
EOG Electrooculogram PVD Posterior vitreous detachmentERG Electroretinogram RD Retinal detachment
EOM Extraocular muscle ROP Retinopathy of prematurity
ERM Epi-retinal membrane RP Retinitis pigmentosa
ET, E(T), E, E Esotropia, intermittent esotropia, esophoria, RPE Retinal pigment epithelium
and esophoria at near s or sc Without refractive correction
EUA Exam under anesthesia SLE or SLX Slit lamp exam
HM Hand motion vision SPK Superficial punctate keratitis (Thygeson or
ICCE Intracapsular cataract extraction keratopathy
IF 1% Inflamase Forte 1% SR Superior rectus
IK Interstitial keratitis SRN, SRNVM Subretinal neovascular membrane
IO Inferior oblique Ta Applanation tonometry
IOL Intraocular lens T , T Timoptic (with concentrations)
IOP Intraocular pressure Va Visual acuityIR Inferior rectus VF Visual field
K Keratometer reading (measures the curvature vit Vitreous
of the cornea), or abbreviation for cornea VTX Vitrectomy
KCS Keratoconjunctivitis sicca W4D Worth 4-dot test (in strabismus)
KP Keratitic precipitate XT, X(T) Exotropia, intermittent exotropia
L HoT, R HoT Left Hypotropia, right hypotropia X, X exophoria, exophoria at near
LHT, RHT Left hypertropia and right hypertropia YAG Neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet
laser
LOC Laxative of choice Prism diopter
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Oto terms
A
acoustic neurinoma - a tumor, usually benign, which develops on the hearing and balance
nerves and can cause gradual hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness.
acquired deafness - loss of hearing that occurs or develops over the course of a lifetime;deafness not present at birth.
Adenoid: Lymphoid tissue located behind the nose.
aguesia - loss of the sense of taste.
Alport's syndrome - A hereditary condition characterized by kidney disease, sensorineural
hearing loss, and some difficulties with eye defects.
American Sign Language (ASL) - Manual (hand) language with its own syntax and grammar
used primarily by people who are deaf.
Ankyloglossia: A foreshortened or tethered lingual frenulum commonly known as "tongue-tie" in which
the tongue is tethered to the floor of mouth.
anosmia - absence of the sense of smell.
aphasia - total or partial loss of ability to use or understand language; usually caused by stroke,brain disease, or injury.
aphonia - complete loss of voice.
apraxia - inability to make a voluntary movement in spite of being able to demonstrate normalmuscle function.
articulation disorder - inability to correctly produce speech sounds (phonemes) because ofimprecise placement, timing, pressure, speed, or flow of movement of the lips, tongue, or throat.
assistive devices - technical tools and devices such as alphabet boards, text telephones, or text-to-speech conversion software used to assist people with physical or emotional disorders in
performing certain actions, tasks, and activities.
Audiogram: Hearing test.
audiologist - a healthcare professional trained to identify and measure hearing impairments andrelated disorders using a variety of tests and procedures.
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auditory brainstem response (ABR) test - test used for hearing in infants and young children,
or to test for brain functioning in unresponsive patients.
auditory nerve - eighth cranial nerve that connects the inner ear to the brainstem.
auditory perception- ability to identify, interpret, and attach meaning to sound.
auditory prosthesis - device that substitutes or enhances the ability to hear.
augmentative devices - tools that help individuals with limited or absent speech to
communicate.
aural rehabilitation - techniques used with people who are hearing impaired to improve ability
to speak and to communicate.
autoimmune deafness - hearing loss in an individual that may be associated with a tissue-
causing disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
autism - brain disorder that begins in early childhood and persists throughout adulthood; affectsthree crucial areas of development: communication, social interaction, and creative or
imaginative play.
B
balance - biological system that enables individuals to know where their bodies are in the
environment and to maintain a desired position; normal balance depends on information from thelabyrinth in the inner ear, and from other senses such as sight and touch, as well as from muscle
movement.
balance disorder - disruption in the labyrinth, the inner ear organ that controls the balance
system allowing individuals to know where their bodies are in the environment.
barotrauma - injury to the middle ear caused by a reduction of air pressure.
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - balance disorder that results in a sudden onset
of dizziness, spinning, or vertigo that occurs when suddenly moving the head from one position
to another.
brainstem implant - auditory prosthesis that bypasses the cochlea and auditory nerve to helpindividuals who cannot benefit from a cochlear implant because the auditory nerves are not
working.
Branchial: A term used to describe cysts or sinus tracts that are derived from indentations in the fetus.
The word means pertaining to, or resembling, gills of a fish.
C
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captioning - text display of spoken words presented on a television or a movie screen that allows
a deaf or hard-of-hearing viewer to follow the dialogue and the action of a program
simultaneously.
central auditory processing disorder - inability of individuals with normal hearing and
intelligence to differentiate, recognize, or understand sounds.
Cerumen: Ear wax.
chemosensory disorders - disorders or diseases of smell or taste.
cholesteatoma - accumulation of dead cells in the middle ear caused by repeated middle earinfections.
Cilia: Small hairs that move mucous in the nose, sinus and windpipe.
cochlea - snail-shaped structure in the inner ear that contains the organ of hearing.
cochlear implant - medical device that bypasses damaged structures in the inner ear and directlystimulates auditory nerve to allow some deaf individuals to learn to hear and interpret sounds and
speech.
conductive hearing impairment - hearing loss caused by dysfunction of the outer or middle ear.
cued speech - method of communication that combines speech reading with a system of
handshapes placed near the mouth to help deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals differentiate words
that look similar on the lips.
Culture: Growth of microorganisms or viruses for identification purposes.
cytomegalovirus (congenital) - one group of herpes viruses that infect humans and can cause a
variety of clinical symptoms including deafness or hearing impairment; infection with the virus
may be either before or after birth.
D
decibel - unit that measures the intensity or loudness of sound.
Dermoid: A cyst which may be found associated with the nose, eyebrow or neck which sometimes has
connections into the brain.
dizziness - physical unsteadiness, imbalance, and lightheadedness associated with balance
disorders.
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dysarthia - group of speech disorders caused by disturbances in the strength or coordination of
the muscles of the speech mechanism as a result of damage to the brain or nerves.
dysequilibrium - any disturbance of balance.
dysfluency - disruption in the smooth flow or expression of speech.
dysgeusia - distortion or absence of the sense of taste.
dysosmia - distortion or absence of the sense of smell.
dysphagia - difficulty swallowing.
dysphonia - any impairment of the voice or difficulty speaking.
dyspraxia of speech - partial loss of the ability to consistently pronounce words in individuals
with normal muscle tone and coordination of the speech muscles.
dystonia - abnormal muscle tone of one or more muscles.
E
Ear drum: A translucent, fibrous drum which separates the external ear canal from the middle ear and is
directly attached to the ear bones (ossicles).
ear infection - presence and growth of bacteria or viruses in the ear.
ear wax - yellow secretion from glands in the outer ear (cerumen) that keeps the skin of the eardry and protected from infection.
endolymph - fluid in the labyrinth -- the organ of balance located in the inner ear.
External otitis:Infection of the external ear canal commonly known as "swimmers ear."
G
gustation - act or sensation of tasting.
H
hair cells - sensory cells of the inner ear, which are topped with hair-like structures (stereocilia),
which transform the mechanical energy of sound waves into nerve impulses.
hearing - series of events in which sound waves in the air are converted to electrical signals that
are sent as nerve impulses to the brain where they are interpreted.
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hearing aid - electronic device that brings amplified sound to the ear.
hearing disorder - disruption in the normal hearing process; sound waves are not converted toelectrical signals and nerve impulses are not transmitted to the brain to be interpreted.
hoarseness - abnormally rough or harsh-sounding voice caused by vocal abuse and otherdisorders.
hypogeusia - diminished sensitivity to taste.
hyposmia - diminished sensitivity to smell.
I
inner ear - part of the ear that contains both the organ of hearing (the cochlea) and the organ ofbalance (the labyrinth).
Incus: Middle ear bone between the malleus and the stapes, commonly referred to as the "anvil."
L
labyrinth - organ of balance located in the inner ear. The labyrinth consists of three semicircular
canals and the vestibule.
labyrinthine hydrops - excessive fluid in the organ of balance (labyrinth) that can cause
pressure or fullness in the ears, hearing loss, dizziness, and loss of balance.
labyrinthitis - viral or bacterial infection or inflammation of the inner ear that can cause
dizziness, loss of balance, and temporary hearing loss.
Landau-Kleffner syndrome - A childhood disorder of unknown origin that can be identified by
gradual or sudden loss of the ability to understand and use spoken language.
language - system for communicating ideas and feelings using sounds, gestures, signs, or marks.
language disorders - problems with verbal communication and the ability to use or understand
the symbol system for interpersonal communication.
laryngeal neoplasms - abnormal growths in the larynx (voice box) that can be cancerous or
noncancerous.
laryngeal nodules - noncancerous, callous-like growths on the inner parts of the vocal folds
(vocal cords).
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laryngeal paralysis - loss of function or feeling of one or both of the vocal folds.
laryngectomy - surgery to remove part or all of the larynx or voice box.
laryngitis - hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds
(vocal cords).
larynx - valve structure between the trachea (windpipe) and the pharynx (the upper throat) that isthe primary organ of voice production.
M
Malleus: The ear bone that directly connects the other ossicles to the tympanic membrane, also
commonly referred to as the "hammer" bone.
mastoid - back portion of the temporal bone behind the ear.
mastoid surgery - surgical procedure to remove infection from the mastoid bone.
Meige syndrome - A movement disorder that can involve excessive eye blinking
(blepharospasm) with involuntary movements of the jaw muscles, lips, and tongue
(oromandibular dystonia).
Meniere's disease - An inner ear disorder that can affect both hearing and balance; can cause
vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and the sensation of fullness in the ear.
meningitis - inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that envelop the brain and the spinalcord; may cause hearing loss or deafness.
middle ear - part of the ear that includes the eardrum and three tiny bones of the middle ear,
ending at the round window that leads to the inner ear.
misarticulation - inaccurately produced speech sound (phoneme) or sounds.
motion sickness - dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and generalized discomfort
experienced when an individual is in motion.
motor speech disorders - group of disorders caused by the inability to accurately producespeech sounds (phonemes).
N
neural plasticity - ability of the brain and/or certain parts of the nervous system to change inorder to adapt to new conditions, such as an injury.
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neural prostheses - devices that substitute for an injured or diseased part of the nervous system
to enhance the function.
neural stimulation - to activate or energize a nerve through an external source.
neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen's) - a group of inherited disorders in whichnoncancerous tumors grow on several nerves that may include the hearing nerve.
neurogenic communication disorder - inability to exchange information with others because of
hearing, speech, and/or language problems caused by impairment of the nervous system.
noise-induced hearing loss - hearing loss that is caused either by a one-time or repeated
exposure to very loud sound(s) or sounds at various loudness levels over an extended period of
time.
nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment - hearing loss or deafness that is inherited and
is not associated with other inherited clinical characteristics.
O
odorant - substance that stimulates the sense of smell.
olfaction - the act of smelling.
olfactometer - device for estimating the intensity of the sense of smell.
open-set speech recognition - understanding speech without visual clues.
Ossicle: A general term for any of the three ear bones.
otitis media - inflammation of the middle ear caused by infection.
otitis externa - inflammation of the outer part of the ear extending to the auditory canal.
otoacoustic emissions - low-intensity sounds produced by the inner ear that can be quicklymeasured with a sensitive microphone placed in the ear canal.
otolaryngologist - physician/surgeon who specializes in diseases of the ears, nose, throat, andhead and neck.
otologist - physician/surgeon who specializes in diseases of the ear.
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Otorrhea: Discharge from the ear.
otosclerosis - abnormal growth of bone in the inner ear, which prevents structures within the ear
from working properly, resulting in a gradual loss of hearing.
ototoxic drugs - drugs that can damage the hearing and balance organs located in the inner ear.
outer ear - external portion of the ear, consisting of the pinna, or auricle, and the ear canal.
P
parosmia - any disease or perversion of the sense of smell, especially the subjective perception
of odors that do not exist.
perception (hearing) - process of knowing or being aware of information through the ear.
perilymph fistula - leakage of inner ear fluid to the middle ear that occurs without apparent
cause or is associated with head trauma, physical exertion, or barotrauma.
phonology - study of speech sounds.
postlingually deafened - individual who becomes deaf after having learned language.
prelingually deafened - individual who is either born deaf or who lost hearing early inchildhood, before learning language.
presbycusis - loss of hearing that gradually occurs because of changes in the inner or middle earin individuals as they grow older.
R
round window - membrane separating the middle ear and inner ear.
S
sensorineural hearing loss - hearing loss caused by damage to the sensory cells and/or nerve
fibers of the inner ear.
sign language - language of hand shapes, facial expressions, and movements used as a form of
communication.
smell - to perceive odor or scent through stimuli affecting the olfactory nerves.
smell disorder - inability to perceive odors that may be temporary or permanent.
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sound vocalization - ability to produce voice.
spasmodic dysphonia - momentary disruption of voice caused by involuntary movements of oneor more muscles of the larynx or voice box.
specific language impairment (or SLI) - difficulty with the organized-symbol-systemcommunication in the absence of problems such as mental retardation, hearing loss, or emotional
disorders.
speech - making definite vocal sounds that form words to express thoughts and ideas.
speech disorder - defect or abnormality that prevents an individual from communicating by
means of spoken words.
speech processor - part of a cochlear implant that converts speech sounds into electrical
impulses to stimulate the auditory nerve.
speech-language pathologist - health professional trained to evaluate and treat people who have
voice, speech, language, or swallowing disorders, including hearing impairment, that affect their
ability to communicate.
Stapes: Smallest of the three middle ear bones that connect the tympanic membrane with the inner ear.
stuttering - frequent repetition of words or parts of words that disrupts the smooth flow of
speech.
sudden deafness - loss of hearing that occurs quickly from such causes as explosion, a viral
infection, or the use of some drugs.
swallowing disorders - any of a group of problems that interfere with the transfer of food from
the mouth to the stomach.
syndromic hearing impairment - hearing loss or deafness that is inherited or passed through
generations of a family.
T
taste - sensation produced by a stimulus applied to the gustatory nerve endings in the tongue; the
four tastes are salt, sour, sweet, and bitter; some say there is a fifth taste described as savory.
taste disorder - inability to perceive different flavors.
taste buds - groups of cells located on the tongue that enable one to recognize different tastes.
throat disorders - disorders or diseases of the larynx (voice box) or esophagus.
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thyroplasty - surgical technique to improve voice by altering the cartilages of the larynx. Also
known as laryngeal framework surgery.
tinnitus - sensation of a ringing, roaring, or buzzing sound in the ears or head; often associated
with various forms of hearing impairment.
tongue - large muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and
swallowing; the main organ of taste, and assists in forming speech sounds.
Tourette syndrome - Neurological disorder characterized by recurring movements and sounds
(called tics).
tracheostomy - surgical opening into the trachea (windpipe) to help someone breathe who has
an obstruction or swelling in the larynx (voice box) or upper throat.
Tympanic membrane: Ear drum.
Tympanic membrane perforation: Hole in the ear drum.
tympanoplasty - surgical repair of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) or bones of the middle
ear.
U
Usher's syndrome - A hereditary disease that affects hearing and vision.
V
velocardiofacial syndrome - inherited disorder characterized by cleft palate, heart defects,characteristic facial appearance, minor learning problems, and speech and feeding problems.
vertigo - illusion of movement; sensation that the external world is revolving around anindividual (objective vertigo) or that the individual is revolving in space (subjective vertigo).
vestibular neuronitis - infection at the vestibular nerve.
vestibular system - system in the body that is responsible for maintaining the body's orientation
in space, balance, and posture; also regulates locomotion and other movements and keeps objectsin visual focus as the body moves.
vestibule - bony cavity of the inner ear.
vibrotactile aids - mechanical instruments that help individuals who are deaf detect and interpretsound through the sense of touch.
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vocal cords (vocal folds) - muscularized folds of mucous membrane that extend from the larynx
(voice box) wall; enclosed in elastic vocal ligament and muscle that control the tension and rate
of vibration of the cords as air passes through them.
vocal cord paralysis - inability of one or both vocal folds (vocal cords) to move because of
damage to the brain or nerves.
vocal tremor - trembling or shaking of one or more of the muscles of the larynx resulting in an
unsteady-sounding voice.
voice - sound produced by air passing out through the larynx and upper respiratory tract.
voice disorders - group of problems involving abnormal pitch, loudness, or quality of the sound
produced by the larynx (voice box).
W
Waardenburg syndrome - Hereditary deafness that is characterized by hearing impairment, awhite shock of hair, and/or distinctive blue color to one or both eyes, as well as wide-set inner
corners of the eyes; balance problems are also associated with some types of Waardenburg
syndrome.
.
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Abbrv. Oto
ABR: auditory brainstem response AD: right ear AIED: autoimmune inner ear disease
ALD: Assistive Listening Device AOM: acute otitis media AS: left ear AU: both ears
BAER: brainstem auditory evoked respo BAHA: bone anchored hearing aid BMT: Bilateral Myringotomy And Tubes
BTE: behind the ear
CHL: conductive hearing loss CI: cochlear implant CNR: closed nasal reduction COM: chronic otitis media COME: chronic otitis media with effusion
EAC: external auditory canal ecog: ElectrocochleographyENT: Ear Nose and Throat
ETD: eustachian tube dysfunction EUA: Exam under anesthesia ha: hearing aid HAE: Hearing Aid Evaluation
IAC: internal auditory canal ITC: In The Canal
ITE: In The Ear
MxT: Myringotomy and tubes
http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/AIEDhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/AIEDhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/AIED/autoimmune_inner_ear_disease/841095http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/AIED/autoimmune_inner_ear_disease/841095http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ALDhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ALDhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ALD/Assistive_Listening_Device/1287999http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BAERhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BAERhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BAER/brainstem_auditory_evoked_response/49943http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BMThttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BMThttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BMT/Bilateral_Myringotomy_And_Tubes/1288001http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BTEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BTEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/COMEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/COMEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/COME/chronic_otitis_media_with_effusion/853934http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ECOGhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ECOGhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ECOG/Electrocochleography/878488http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ENThttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ENThttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ENT/Ear_Nose_and_Throat/151038http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ENT/Ear_Nose_and_Throat/151038http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HAhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HAhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HA/hearing_aid/60825http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HAEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HAEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HAE/Hearing_Aid_Evaluation/1288004http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ITChttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ITChttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ITC/In_The_Canal/1288005http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ITC/In_The_Canal/1288005http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ITEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ITEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ITEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ITC/In_The_Canal/1288005http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ITChttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HAE/Hearing_Aid_Evaluation/1288004http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HAEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HA/hearing_aid/60825http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/HAhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ENT/Ear_Nose_and_Throat/151038http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ENThttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ECOG/Electrocochleography/878488http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ECOGhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/COME/chronic_otitis_media_with_effusion/853934http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/COMEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BTEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BMT/Bilateral_Myringotomy_And_Tubes/1288001http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BMThttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BAER/brainstem_auditory_evoked_response/49943http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/BAERhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ALD/Assistive_Listening_Device/1287999http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/ALDhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/AIED/autoimmune_inner_ear_disease/841095http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/AIED -
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NBHS: newborn hearing screen NIHL: Noise Induced Hearing Loss
OAE: Oto acoustic emissions
OCR: ossicular chain reconstruction OE: otitis externa
ome: otitis media with effusion
PORP: partial ossicular replacement prosthesis
SNHL: sensorineural hearing loss SRT: speech reception threshold on audiometry SSNHL: sudden sensorineural hearing loss
j
TM: tympanic membraneTM: Tympanomastoidectomy
TORP: total ossicular replacement prosthesis
http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/NIHLhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/NIHLhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/NIHL/Noise_Induced_Hearing_Loss/53024http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/NIHL/Noise_Induced_Hearing_Loss/53024http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OE/otitis_externa/53170http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OMEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OMEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OME/otitis_media_with_effusion/53217http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/TMhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/TMhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/TM/Tympanomastoidectomy/1288029http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/TM/Tympanomastoidectomy/1288029http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/TM/Tympanomastoidectomy/1288029http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/TMhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OME/otitis_media_with_effusion/53217http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OMEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OE/otitis_externa/53170http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/OEhttp://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/NIHL/Noise_Induced_Hearing_Loss/53024http://www.all-acronyms.com/cat/7/NIHL