Early Colonial & National Eras

Jamestown Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, started as a business venture to sell raw materials back to England

Tobacco- this cash crop saved Jamestown and made the colony of Virginia wealthy. Tobacco cultivation was labor intensive and made the Virginia agricultural economy dependent on slavery.

House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses

The first legislative assembly in North America, it represents the first form of self-government in the colonies.

PowhatanPowhatanNative Americans who lived

for centuries in Virginia.

English colonist forced them from their land and used it for Tobacco growing.

These actions led many Powhatan’s to flee Virginia and established bad relations between colonists and Native Americans

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s RebellionA revolt by the poor

English colonist and slaves against the wealthy in Jamestown.

The rebels wanted better protection and action taken against the Native Americans so poorer colonists could have Native American land.

Development of SlaveryDevelopment of SlaveryBegun in 1619 in the

colony of Virginia to replace indentured servants

African slaves are thought to be better equipped to handle the work and heat of the plantation system

Part of the Columbian Exchange

New England ColoniesNew England ColoniesEstablished by the Puritans to

escape religious persec-ution in England

Religion- Puritans did not tolerate religions that did not follow their teachings.

In 1686 the entire region was combined into one colony because the King believed they were not following Parliament, becomes the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Rhode Island and the Salem Witch TrialsRhode Island and the Salem Witch Trials

Roger Williams- founder of Rhode Island, he founds colony under the ideas of religious freedom and peaceful relations with Native Americans

Salem Witch Trials- caused by the oppression of wo-men, and hardline Puritan views on the world, over 25 people are killed or jailed for witch-craft without any proof.

King Phillip’s WarKing Phillip’s WarLed by Metacom (King

Phillip), Native Ameri-cans attack the Puritans over the loss of their land

Brutal war with massacres on both sides

This ended Native Amer-ican control of New England

Half-Way CovenantHalf-Way CovenantThis provided half-way

membership in the Puritan church to the children of church members

Church leaders hoped this would get more of the children to join the Puritan church

Town Hall MeetingsTown Hall Meetings

Mainly in New England in small towns

White males 21 and over who owned property voted on political issues for each town

Helps form the idea of political representation in the colonies

Mid-Atlantic ColoniesMid-Atlantic ColoniesOriginally not a part of

the English colonies

Controlled by the Dutch

Separated the English Northern and Southern colonies

New YorkNew YorkOriginally settled by the Dutch

and called New Amsterdam

England takes this colony without a single shot and renames it New York

New York became the center for trade in the America’s.

PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaFounded by William Penn

a Quaker

This colony was tolerant of all religions

The colony of Delaware will split from Pennsylvania

QuebecQuebecFounded by the French,

claims all of inner North America west of the colonies

Leads to the founding of New Orleans and the territory of Louisiana

French have better relations with Native Americans

MercantilismMercantilismIs the economic theory that

a mother country needs large supplies of silver and gold to be rich.

Gold/Silver- acquired by selling manufactured goods.

Colonies in mercantilism provided raw materials for manufacturing and bought the finished products.

The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange

The large scale ex-change of plants, people, diseases, and animals be-tween the Old World and the New World

Sometimes referred to as the Triangle Trade.

Middle Passage/African CultureMiddle Passage/African Culture

The 90-120 day voyage African slaves endured from Africa to the America’s.

Millions died from disease and starvation during the voyage

African dance and music maintained under slavery, differing cultures blend together in the America’s

The Great AwakeningThe Great AwakeningGreat Awakening-

religious movement of the 1730’s and 1740’s. It is different because of its passion.

Begun as an attack on the Puritan Church, challenges all religious authority

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

War between France and Great Britain over the control of North America, Britain wins

This war bankrupted Great Britain, they need money to pay for it, TAXES

They believed the colonists should pay for it since it was over the colonies in North America

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763Law passed that banned

colonists from moving west beyond the Appalachian Mountains

Passed to prevent further wars with Native Americans

This angered colonists and is one reason for the American Revolution

Stamp ActStamp Act

A tax on all printed materials passed by Great Britain they need this symbol to show they paid the tax

Passed to help pay for the French-Indian War

Sons of LibertySons of LibertyThis group of Patriots was

formed in 1765 and urged colonial resistance to the Stamp Act using any means available… even violence.

Committees of Correspondence- formed to resist the new taxes passed by Great Britain

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

Colonists dumped tons of tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Stamp Act

Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

A series of laws passed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party

This led to increased anger against Britain and the First Continental Congress

Thomas PaineThomas PaineWrote Common Sense,

an argument that said it just made common sense for the colonists to revolt against King George

John LockeJohn LockeHe believed in natural

rights- “life, liberty, and property”

He influenced Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence

MontesquieuMontesquieu

He believed in the idea that government should have three parts- Legislative, Executive, and Judicial

His writings influenced the writing of the Constitution and creation of the United States government

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceWritten primarily by Thomas

Jefferson, he was influenced by John Locke’s ideas (natural rights) in 1776

It declares the reasons why the colonists will revolt and invokes the ideas of Social Contract.

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin FranklinHe represents the idea of

social mobility (you can start poor and become rich or important) in America

He becomes the ambassador to France during the American Revolution and convinces them to support the colonists during the war

American Statesman/signed the Constitution/Founding Father

The American RevolutionThe American Revolution

This was the first successful colonial independence movement against a European power, England 1775-1783.

Great Britain vs. American colonies

George WashingtonGeorge Washington

Commander of the Continental Army

His leadership skills held the army together during the war

Started a training program to turn the colonial militia into the Continental Army (professional).

Marquis de LafayetteMarquis de Lafayette

French soldier and friend of Washington

He trained the soldiers at Valley Forge turning them into a well trained fighting force

He helped Washington beat the British at Yorktown

Valley ForgeValley Forge

Washington led his troops here for the Winter of 1777, becomes a symbol of sacrifice for a cause

The Continental Army under Lafayette train and emerge stronger and better prepared to fight the British

Crossing the DelawareCrossing the Delaware

Turning point of the American Revolution, Washington leads his men on a surprise attack of the Hessian soldiers

Washington wins at Trenton and Princeton, boosted the morale of the colonists fighting in the Revolution

Lord CornwallisLord Cornwallis

Leader of the British forces during the American Revolution

He will surrender to Washington after the Battle of Yorktown

Battle of YorktownBattle of Yorktown

Final battle of the Amer-ican Revolution, French and American forces trapped the British with no where to run

Treaty of Paris 1783- This officially ended the American Revolution and gave the United States territory all the way to the Mississippi River.

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

First constitution of the United States

Weakness- didn’t have a leg-islative or executive branch of government, represented the colonists fear of a strong national government

National Government could not- tax, regulate commerce, or print money

Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest OrdinanceThis provided an

organized way for a territory to become a state

The one successful item accomplished under the Articles of Confederation

Shays’ RebellionShays’ RebellionUprising of farmers in

Massachusetts in 1786, feared losing land due to taxes

Showed the weakness of the federal government with-out the ability to tax it couldn’t fix the economy

Led to the calling of the Constitutional Convention

Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention

Held at Independence Hall in Philadelphia,1787.

Goal- create a plan for a more powerful national government and revise the Articles of Confederation.

Outcome wrote the Constitution

Great CompromiseGreat Compromise

This deal used parts of Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan

Created bicameral Congress with one house based on population (House of Representatives) and one giving equal representation to every state (Senate).

Slavery and the Constitution Slavery and the Constitution Three-Fifths Compro-

mise agreement to count slaves as 3/5 a white person for representation in the government

Slavery was allowed to continue under the Constitution for 20 more years

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

Federalist PapersFederalist PapersWritten by Alexander

Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

They argued that a strong government was needed to protect the Union

Anti-FederalistAnti-Federalist

They opposed the adoption of the Constitution without a Bill of Rights to protect the freedoms of Americans against the federal government.

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

The first ten amendments of the Constitution

These amendments guarantee the rights of individuals and protects those rights from the government

Washington’s PresidencyWashington’s PresidencyDid not run for a third term setting

the two term precedence

Developed the cabinet as advisors to the President

Washington’s Farewell address warned Americans against:

1. Getting involved in foreign wars sets our neutrality foreign policy

2. Political parties

3. Permanent Alliances sets our isolationism foreign policy

4. Sectionalism

Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion• Government passes

excise tax on Whiskey

• Farmers in Pennsylvania hurt by the tax, refuse to pay

• Washington sends in the militia to end the rebellion

• Shows the power of the government under the Constitution

Development of Political PartiesDevelopment of Political Parties

Alexander Hamilton wants a strong central government; but Thomas Jefferson believes the federal gov-ernment should be limited

Two parties develop under those ideas:

1.Hamilton and the Federalists

2.Jefferson and the Democrat-Republic Party