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Early MarriageA Statistical Exploration
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Early Marriage Violates the Rights of Girls and Boys
The right to free and full consent to marriage is recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, CEDAW, and is frequently addressed by the Committee on the Rights of the Child.
CEDAW article 16 states that “The betrothal and the marriage of a child shall have no legal effect, and all necessary action, including legislation, shall be taken to specify a minimum age for marriage”
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Proportion of women ages 20-24 in union by age 18
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
REGIONAL AVERAGES
Proportion of women aged 15-24 who were married before the age of 18
South Asia 48 percent
Sub-Saharan Africa 42 per cent
Latin America and the Caribbean
29 per cent
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
Place of residence Household wealth Education
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Women ages 20-24 in union by age 18, national averages
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Rural women 20-24 are more likely to married before age 18
Girls in rural areas more likely to be married by age 18
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00
TurkmenistanRwandaNamibia
KazakhstanDominican Republic
CambodiaKenya
NicaraguaZambiaMalawiGabon
MaliGuinea
BangladeshEthiopia
CameroonHaiti
NepalZimbabwe
UgandaGuatemala
BeninCôte d'Ivoire
ColombiaNiger
PhilippinesEritreaNigeriaBolivia
Tanzania, UnitedIndia
GhanaBurkina Faso
IndonesiaEgyptTogo
South AfricaViet Nam
Peru
Equally likely
2 times as likely
3 times as likely
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Disparities in child marriage for women 20-24 in Africa according to household wealth
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Girls 15-19 who are in union are more likely to come from the poorest 40% of society than the richest 40%.
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Education is a protective factor
Women who had attended primary school were less likely to be married by age 18 than those who had not.
Women who attended secondary were even less likely to be married by age 18 than those who attended only primary school.
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Girls 15-19 who are married have a variety of educational experiences
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
CHARATERISTICS OF UNION
Number of children Spousal age difference Spousal education gap
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Early marriage is related to having more children
married before age 18
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Women 20-24 married before age 18 tend to marry men 5 or more years older
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Women 20-24 who are married before the age of 18 tend to have less education than the men they marry
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH AND KNOWLEDGE
Comprehensive knowledge of HIV Contraceptive use
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Women who know how to prevent HIV infection are less likely to have been married by age 18 than those who do not.
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
In all but 4 countries, more than 50 per cent of girls aged 15-19 currently in union know how to protect themselves from HIV transmission
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
In more than half the countries considered, women who used only traditional contraceptive methods were more likely to be married before the age of 18 than those who used modern contraception.
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
In most countries, girls 15-19 who are in union have never used contraception of any kind
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Profiles of married girls
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Domestic violence is more common among women 15-49 who had been married as children
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Multivariate Analysis: Main FindingsEducation is highly significant as a protective factor;High fertility levels are associated with the prevalence
of child marriage;Women more than 4 years younger than their
partners were significantly more likely to have been married early;
Women whose spouses received some education were less likely to be married before age 18 than women whose partners were uneducated.
Women who have experienced domestic violence were more likely to have been married before 18 than women who had not.
UNICEF
Early Marriage: A Statistical Exploration
Conclusions and Recommendations
Improving access to education, particularly beyond the primary level, for both girls and boys and eliminating gender gaps in education are important strategies toward ending the practice of child marriage.
Efforts are needed to empower and protect girls who are in union.
Advocacy efforts are required to increase the number of countries for which data on women’s empowerment and experiences of violence are collected.