Presented by: DEAN RUFFEL R. FLANDEZas a requirement of the course

History 211 – Early to 17th Century Philippine History

Let’s go on a journey to take a glimpse of the past.

No one is sure when human beings started dwelling on Earth…

But there were several theories that rose to answer the question.

Popular Theories on Peopling the WORLD

• Creationism (Biblical)• Out of Eden Theory/ Out of Africa

Theory

JOURNEY OF MAN (Out of Eden Theory)

160k years ago, Modern man (Homo Sapiens) lived in Africa

160k-135k. They populated Africa.

135k-115k, The first exit through Nile.

…but They died out because of the Ice Age, which reached up to North Africa from 115k-90k.

90k-85k, Crossing of the Red Sea.

85k-75k, Voyage to the East.

…super eruption of Mt. Toba in Sumatra and another Ice Age in 74k resulted to a population

crash.

74k-65k onwards was the time of repopulation.

With the dramatic warming of 65k onwards, Europe and other parts of Asia was populated.

40k-15k and onwards, The Americas and almost all parts of the world was also populated….

…between those times, Ice age and many natural calamities also happened that decreased the population.

<see more in http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/>

The Austronesian Migration Theory

The Austronesian Migration Theory

• Austronesian Migration Theory propounds on the expansion of a group of people called the Austronesians from Asia into the Pacific by means of Taiwan 6,000 years ago. It was a theory proposed by Peter Bellwood a professor of Archeology.

The Austronesian Migration Theory

• The Austronesian migrations began from the Chinese mainland, reaching Taiwan first in 3500 BC then the Philippines by 3000 BC. They reached Sumatra and Java by 2000 BC, Northern New Guinea by 1600 BC, Samoa by 1200 BC, Hawaii, Easter Island, and Madagascar by 500 AD, etc.

The theory largely explains the similarities in culture, language and physical attributes in different countries

in the most Asian countries and even Madagascar. <see more in http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Austronesian_Migration_Theory>

Common to Austronesians

Cultural traces include:• Tattooing• Outriggers of canoes• Prehistoric art styles• Social characters

Language:The Austronesian language family is usually divided into two branches: Malayo-Polynesian and Formosan. The Western sub-branch includes over 500 languages spoken in Madagascar, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, parts of Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia.

Prof. Otley Beyer’s Wave Migration Theory

According to Dr. Beyer, the ancestors of the Filipinos came in different "waves of migration", as follows:1."Dawn Man", a cave-man type who was similar to Java man, Peking Man, and other Asian homo sapiens of 250,000 years ago.

Prof. Otley Beyer’s Wave Migration Theory

2. The aboriginal pygmy group, the Negritos, who arrived between 25,000 and 30,000 years ago via land bridges.

Prof. Otley Beyer’s Wave Migration Theory

3. The sea-faring tool-using Indonesian group who arrived about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago and were the first immigrants to reach the Philippines by sea.

Prof. Otley Beyer’s Wave Migration Theory

4. The seafaring, more civilized Malays who brought the Iron age culture and were the real colonizers and dominant cultural group in the pre-Hispanic Philippines.

Jocano's theory of earlier evolution and movement

Anthropologist F. Landa Jocano of the University of the Philippines contends that what fossil evidence of ancient men show is that they not only migrated to the Philippines, but also to New Guinea, Borneo, and Australia. He says that there is no way of determining if they were Negritos at all. However, what is sure is that there is evidence the Philippines was inhabited as early as 21,000 or 22,000 years ago. In 1962, a skull cap and a portion of a jaw, presumed to be those of a human being, were found in a Tabon Cave in Palawan.

Jocano's theory of earlier evolution and movement

The discovery may show that man came earlier to the Philippines than to the Malay Peninsula. If this is true, the first inhabitants of the Philippines did not come from the Malay Peninsula. Jocano further believes that the present Filipinos are products of the long process of evolution and movement of people.

Jocano's theory of earlier evolution and movement

Left: Tabon man skull cap remains.Right: Tabon cave in Palawan