early warning systems for natural disasters in korea...ewc iii bonn, march 2006 early warning...

EWC IIIEWC IIIBonn, March 2006Bonn, March 2006

Early Warning Systems forEarly Warning Systems for

Natural Disasters in KoreaNatural Disasters in Korea

SamSam--Kew ROH, Ph.D.Kew ROH, Ph.D.

National Institute for Disaster PreventionNational Institute for Disaster Prevention

National Emergency Management AgencyNational Emergency Management Agency

Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea

BackgroundBackground

• Various systematic early warning systems have been established and operating in Korea

• Construction of SAFE KOREA, that protects the people by fast and correct disaster information dissemination through the variety of IT technologies

• Contribution to the construction of Early Warning System in Asia-Pacific area for disaster forecast and operation skills

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Status of Natural Disaster Warning SystemsStatus of Natural Disaster Warning Systemsin Koreain Korea

No Equipment/System Installation set Target for info. Alert method Management

host

1

CBS Mobile-Phone Disaster Notification Message Broadcasting System

37.5 Million Users CBS User 23 Million Message broadcasting

(Mobile Phone) Central

2 Automatic Verbal (Text) Notification System

234 set nation wide

Civil official, head of government offices and specific regional residents –about 550,000 people

Guidance-information broadcasting (wire and mobile phones, etc)

Regional

3 Automatic Rainfall Warning System

148 set nation wide

Valley, Mountain, Public places, holiday-makers, campers, etc

Warn-alarming, guidance-information broadcasting Regional

4 Disaster Notification Board System

299 set nation wide

The specific regional residents, holiday-makers, etc

Propagation and notification of disaster by wording through electronic board

Regional

5 TV Disaster Warning Broadcasting System

3997 set nation wide

Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters at each local provinces and each regional administrative offices and its related institutes.

Auto TV Power-On, Volume-Up, broadcasting the situation

Central

6 Radio Disaster Warning Broadcasting System 5 area Residents, Holiday-makers,

etc

Auto Audio Amp Power-On, Alarming and Guidance-information broadcasting

Regional

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Cell Broadcasting ServiceCell Broadcasting Service

【 CBS Message Transmission flow 】

End user(Mobile phone with

CBS service function])

Mobile Telecom Company

NEMA

CBS System of Mobile Telecom Company Base Station

CBS message on mobilephone which is locatedat broadcasted area

Request to CBS messageTransmission at disasterarea

NEMA

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Automatic Verbal Notification SystemAutomatic Verbal Notification System

1. Collection and analysis of disaster information• Rain, river level or any emergency situation

2. Choose person to inform • Call related officers using emergency communication

network.• Notification to disaster related institutes.• Notification to residents located at disaster area.

3. Tool for notification• village broadcast amplifier• automatic answer telephone• wire phone, mobile phone, etc

4. Activities for disaster prevention such as residentevacuation.

Regional Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarter

Telephonenetwork

Related area (or Home)

KMA Flood Control Center

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Disaster Notification Board SystemDisaster Notification Board System

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TV Disaster Warning Broadcasting SystemTV Disaster Warning Broadcasting System

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Radio Disaster Warning Broadcasting SystemRadio Disaster Warning Broadcasting System

1. Out breaking of emergent disastersituation and its foreseeing • warns when out breaking of local

downpour, typhoon attack, floodingwarns at the vulnerable time

2. Requesting of alarming the disasterwarning at specific area

3. Reviewing of disaster warningalarming and operation • Finalizing the area and selecting

correct sentence • Starting operation of disaster warning

alarming system

4. Acting of disaster warn alarming system for and at specific area

5. Starting of disaster warn broadcasting • Auto radio turning on and maximizing

of its volume at specific area

6. Proactive disaster prevention activitiessuch as relevant residents sheltering

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Case StudyAutomatic Rainfall Warning System

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Automatic Rainfall Warning SystemAutomatic Rainfall Warning System

System Overview

Conduct warning and information broadcasting in andaround mountain valley area

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System Overview

Rainfall StationRainfall Station

Automatic rainfall (water level) observing station at the upper and middle area of mountain valley

Automatic warning system at the lower area

Automatic remote control/ monitoring station at control center

Control StationControl Station

Warning StationWarning Station

Monitoring StationMonitoring Station

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Developing Hazard Forecasting

Predefine rainfall amount for warning through runoff analysis

Dissemination Mechanisms

The Rainfall Station transmits the relevant data to the ControlStation when sensing the predefined rainfalls

The Warning Station sets off warning siren and informationmessage according to the result of management of theMonitoring Station

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Observing the Hazards

• Automatically observingrain fall, water level statusat the upper/middle areas

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Snap Shots

Control Station

Warning Station

Monitoring Station

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Legislative and Legal Framework

• Disaster and Safety Management Basic Law:Articles 38 & 66

– Implementation of disaster warning systems and related budget

Financial and Resource Requirements

• From 1996 to 2005– 148 sets, US$64 million

• From 2006 to 2009– 113 sets, US$37 million

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Organizational Roles and Linkages

• Central Government: The National Emergency Management Agency– Planning, Management of system– Development of techniques– Budget support: 50% of the total cost

• Local Governments: Provincial and County Level – Operation of warning system– Maintenance– Education and publicizing of system

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Lessons learned

PRECISE WARNING CRITERIA Required

• At first, 8 mm/10min of precipitation makes signal

• Frequent false alarms make the system mistrustful

→→ The warning criteria need to be improved according to each region’s characteristics through runoff analysis

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Specific Recommendations

The concept and framework of this Automatic Rainfall Warning System can be expanded and applied various sites for multi-hazards (typhoon, torrential rain, tsunami, etc.)

It needsaccurate basic input data and informationprecise forecasting techniques practical warning criteriaproper locations of each station

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Future Direction forFuture Direction forEarly Warning SystemsEarly Warning Systems

Towards Comprehensive Early Warning Systems

• To construct a “working” Early Warning System, international cooperation, as well as system refinement, is important to minimize loss of lives in the regional level.

• Need to expand and integrate currently-available local warning systems into a regional level covering multi-hazards including Tsunami, Typhoon and Tidal wave.

• Effective Early Warning Systems need to consider emergency action plan, disaster response activities including emergency aid and training.

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Thank You

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early warning systems for natural disasters in korea...ewc iii bonn, march 2006 early warning...

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