earth and rocks - science curriculum office welcomes … 5, unit e.1, rocks and how we use them 1...

Grade 5, Unit E.1, Rocks and how we use them

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Rocks

Uses of rocks

Weathering

Soil

By the end of this unit you should know:

- The rock is the solid part of the Earth's crust.

- Different rocks show different properties.

- The causes of weathering.

- Soils are formed from rocks.

- The types of soils.

- Characteristics and properties of different soil.


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Science standard: 11.1

What do we walk on, live in, climb, and even sit on?

Rocks! Rocks make up Earth’s crust. Are all rocks the same?

Are the rocks shown here just like any other rocks? How can

you tell one rock from another?

. رى لؾشح االسك اقخس , ػ برا غ١ش ؼ١ؼ زغك دظ ؟ ػ اقخس

Classifying rocks: رق١ف اقخس

Getting ready: اعزؼذ

In this activity you will observe and

Classify Rocks according to

Their properties.

. رقف اقخس ثبء ػ خقبئقبف زا اؾبه عف رالزظ


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Materials: ااد اغزخذخ

- 5 labelled rock samples اد اقخس ػ١ 5

- Hand lens ػذعخ ىجشح

- Dropper لطبسح

- Vinegar خ

- Safety goggles اظبسح اال١خ ؼ١

- Paper plate فس سل

- Paper towels سبس

- Beaker خجبس

- Water بء

- Glass plate فس صخبخ

Procedure: هش٠مخ اؼ

1. Make a chart like the one shown in the next page.

اػ خطو ث اخطو اخد ف اقفسخ

2. Use the hand lens to observe each rock. What colour or

colours in each rock? Record your observation in your

chart.

ب ا ا االا ف و فخشح؟عد , و فخشح اعزخذ اؼذعخ اىجشح زالزظ

الزظبره خالي خطو

3. Can you see any grains, or small pieces, making up the

rock? Are the grains very small, or are they large? Are

they rounded, or they have sharp edges? Do the next to


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one another? Record your observation under texture in

your chart.

ا زءاد فغ١شح رى اقخشح؟ ز اسج١جبد فغ١شح ا , رغزط١غ ا رش زجثب

. وج١شح؟ دائش٠خ ا ب اهشاف زبدح؟عد الزظبره رسذ اظ ثخططه

4. Rub each rock against other rocks and find out whether

easily marks other rocks or a concrete floor.

. افشن و زدش ثسدش اخش خذ ارا وب اغ ا رسذس ث خذػ ا ثبسدش االخش

5. Rub the rocks with the glass plate, observe what

happens. Do you have any small pieces of rocks left on

the glass? Record your observation under rubbing in your

chart.

٠خذ رساد فغ١شح اسدبسح , افشن اسدش ثقس اضخبج الزظ برا زذس

. ػ اضخبج؟عد الزظبره رسذ ػد االززىبن ف اخطو

The characteristics related to grain size are known as a

rock's texture.

ازبثؼخ سد زج١جبد اقخس رؼشف ثج١خ ا ظ اقخس خقبئـ اي


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6. Using a hand lens, observe how many pores you can see

in the rock. This is what we call porosity.

زا ب , الزظ و ػذد اثمة از ٠ى ا رشاب ف اسدش, ثبعزخذا اؼذعخ اىجشح

. ٠غ اغب١خ

7. Caution: wear your safety goggles.( vinegar bubbles

when it is dropped on the calcite). Put the rock samples

on the paper plate. Use the dropper to add a few drops

of vinegar on each rock. Observe what happens. Record

your findings.

مغ , (فمبػبد اخ ػذب رغمو ػ اسدش اىغ),سرذ اظبسح االجخ ؼ١ا: رسز٠ش

اعزخذ امطبسح المبفخ مبه اخ ػ و , زدبس ػ اقس اسلػ١بد اال

. عد الزظبره خالي ادذي, الزظ برا ٠سذس, زدش

Rock sample

سل اؼ١خ

1 2 3 4 5

Colour

ا

Texture

اج١خ

Rubbing

االززىبن

Porosity

اغب١خ


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Bubbles when

vinegar added

افمبػبد ػذ امبفخ اخ

Easily marks

other rocks

رؼ ػ اقخس االخش

ثغخ


Uses of rocks depend on their properties.

Rocks are an important source of metals like Iron, Copper and

many other useful metals.

اقخس قذس ؼبد ث اسذ٠ذ اسبط , اعزخذابد اقخس رؼزذ ػ خقبئقب

. اؼبد االخش اف١ذح

Earliest man used rocks to make tools; this was called the

Stone Age

زا ع ثبؼقش اسدش , االغب امذ٠ اعزخذ اقخس ؼ ادار


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Rocks are traditionally used as building materials. The type of

rock used depends on what properties are needed.

فخس اغزخذخ ػ اخقبئـ ع اي٠ؼزذ , ف اجبءاالعزخذا ازم١ذ قخس

اطثخ

Examples: اثخ

Limestone and sandstone are used as building blocks

اسدش اىغ ٠غزخذ وأزدبس جبء

Slate is used for roofing tiles

Granite and marble are much harder than limestone

and sandstone. They are used for statues and

headstones.

Clay is used to make an important building material Cement.

٠غزخذ اققبي ؼ اد ثبئ١خ خ ث االعذ


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Study this table, to learn more about the rocks and

their uses:

Name of rock

Properties

Uses

Lime stone Hard and coloured

ل Building blocks

وز ثبئ١خ

Quartz Attractive colours

اا خزاثخ Jewellery

ادشاد

Slate Water proof

مب بء Roofs and buildings

االسم١بد االث١خ

Granite Hard ل Steps, floors

االدساج االسم١ب

Marble Attractive and can be

polished

٠ى فمب خزاثخ

Steps floors

االدساج االسم١ب

Chalk Breaks easily

رزىغش ثغ Writing

ااىزبث


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There is rock under every thing. اقخس رسذ و ؽء

You can see some rocks but you can not see others.

رغزط١غ سؤ٠خ ثؼل اقخس ال رغزط١غ سؤ٠خ اجؼل االخش

You can see rocks used for building and status.

غزط١غ سؤ٠خ ااقخس اغزخذخ ف اجب امببد

You can see rocks at the bottom of the sea when

you go diving.

You can not see rocks if they are covered with grass, soil or

buildings. But they are still there.


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Key questions: Q.1: Fill these spaces using the following word:

وبد ازب١خ اء افشاؽ ثبعزخذا اي a) Steps

b) Roofs

c) Writing

d) Statues

1. ………………………. are made of slate because it is water proof.

2. Chalk is used for ………………… because it wears away easily.

ال ٠زفزذ ثغخ ---------------٠غزخذ اطجؾس ف

3. ……………………….are made of marble because it is attractive and

can be polished.

Key words: Stone age انؼصش انذجشي Lime stone اسدش اىغ Quartz اىاسرض Slate زدش Granite ادشا١ذ Marble اشخب Chalk اطجؾس

Did you know? رؼ؟ The most rocks in Qatar are Sedimentary, so

they have many pores (high porosity) which

make them good container for petrol.

نهزا فها ػذد كثش ي , ا يؼظى انصخىس ف قطش ه صخىس سسىتح

نهزا ه دافظح جذج نهثتشول ( يسايح ػانح)انساياخ

Project: ؾشع Look round your environment for other uses

of rocks, record these uses and make a

report for your teacher. اوزت , اظش زي اج١ئخ از رؼ١ؼ ف١ب عد اعزخذابد اخش قخس

.رمش٠شا زي ره لذ ذسعه

Key Idea: Rocks have different uses depending on their properties قخس اعخذابد خزفخ ثبالػزبد ػ خقبئقب


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The surface of the Earth is always changing. This may come

as a surprise, as the hills and valleys around you may not look

any different now than when you were born. This is because

the process that changes the surface of the Earth happens

very slowly.

زا ٠ى ا ٠فبخئه ا اشرفؼبد االد٠خ اس١طخ ثه , عزشاس٠زغ١ش عطر االسك ثإ

. زا ثغجت ػ١خ رغ١ش عطر االسك رسذس ثجوء, خزفخ ػ ب وبذ ػذ الدره

Causes of weathering: ػا ازد٠خ يم ػىا

1. Temperature changes: سح رغ١شاد دسخخ اسشا

Weathering is: the breaking down of rocks into

smaller and smaller pieces.

.رفزذ اقخس ا لطغ فغ١شح : ازد٠خ

Heat makes most things expand-get bigger. ( رقجر اوجش)ػظ االخغب رزذداسشاسح ردؼ

Cold makes most things contract-get smaller-. (رقجر افغش)اجشدح ردؼ ؼظ االخغب رزمـ


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In most places it is warmer during the day than at night

.heat expands rocks during the day.

At night the rocks cool off and contract.

The expanding and contracting happen over and over again.

That strains the rocks. The strain makes them crack, a tiny

bit at a time. رؾمك اقخس اغزش ث غ ازذد ازمـ اغزش ١ال بسا ٠غجت

. شس الذ رزىغش رزفزذ

2. frost action: رأث١ش اقم١غ

Most things contract when they freeze Not water!!!! Water

expands when it freezes into ice. رزمـ ػذ ازدذ ب ػذا ابء ؼظ االؽ١بء

فإ زد ٠ضداد

Rain water seeps into tiny cracks in rocks .when the water

freezes it expands. The ice presses against the sides of the

cracks. The pressure is great. It can make cracks bigger .It

can even break apart the rocks. , بء اطش ٠ذخ ا اؾمق ف اقخس

ػذب ٠زدذ زا ابء فإ ٠زذدثبزب فإ اثح ٠نغو ػ خات اؾمق فزقجر اؾمق

٠ى ا رزىغش ثغخ اوجش


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3. Animal activity: اس١ابد ؾبه

Animals do not break rocks a part by themselves. But some

animals dig into the ground. Ants, worms, woodchucks, and

some others dig holes. The holes let in air and water. The air

and water weather the rocks. ى ثؼل , اس١ابد ال رىغش اقخس ثفغب

ػذ دخي ااء ابء ف ز اسفش فإب , اس١ابد رسفش ف اقخس ث ا اذ٠ذا

. رد اقخس

4. Wind: اش٠ر

Wind is sometimes strong enough to break particles of sand

from a rock. The sand may be carried by the wind. If the

sand hits another rock it will break even more particles,

causing the rock to wear away. اش٠بذ از١بب رى ل٠خ ذسخخ وبف١خ زىغش

ا اسرطذ ز االرشثخ ثبقخس فإب , رس اش٠بذ االرشثخ , اخضاء فغ١شح اقخس

. رىغش اخضاء اوثش غججخ رد٠خ اقخس

5. Water: ابء

a. When rain hits the rock it breaks it into small pieces.

b. ػذب ٠شرط ابء ثبقخس فإ ٠ىغشب ا اخضاء فغ١شح

b. Rivers carry parts of rocks as they flow over them.

االبس رس ؼب اخضاء اقخس ػذب رغ١ش فلب


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Key words:

Weathering انتجىح

Frost انثهج

Expand تذد

Contract تقهص

Did you know رؼ؟ The Mississippi river

carries over 500 million

tonnes of sediment to the

sea each year!! ا ش اغ١غج ٠س اوثش

١ ه اشاعت جسش و 500

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ػب

Project: ؾشع

Make poster for

the causes of

weathering

showing pictures

for each cause. يهصق السثاب انتجىح شكم

. يغ صىس نكم سثة


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Key Ideas: Weathering is breaking down rocks into small pieces. انتجىح ه تكسش انصخىس انى اجزاء صغشج

Temperature, frost, animals, wind and water, help to weather rocks. تساػذ ف تجىح انصخىسانشاح و اناء , انذىااخ, انتجذ, انذشاسج

Expand: to become bigger تصثخ اكثش : انتذد

Contract: to become smaller رقجر افغش : ازمـ

Rock is a solid part of the Earth. اقخس ادضء اقت االسك

Earth is a rock االسك فخشح

Rocks are every where. ف و ىب اقخس خدح

Key questions: Q.1: What is meant by weathering? يارا ؼ تانتجىح؟

…………………………………………………………………………………..

Q.2: List three causes of weathering the rocks: ػذد ثالث اسثاب نتجىح انصخىس ؟

1. …………………………………………………………

2. …………………………………………………………

3. …………………………………………………………

Q.3: Describe how water can help to weather the rock. صف كف ساػذ اناء ف تجىح انصخىس؟

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………


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Have you ever played in a sandbox? Would you believe that all

that sand was once big rock?

Soil is produced when rocks are broken down into small pieces

by weathering. رزى ازشثخ ػذ رىغش اقخس ا اخضاء فغ١شح ثبزد٠خ

The type of soil depends on the type of rock from which it

was made. ع ازشثخ ٠ؼزذ ػ ع اقخس از اؾئخ ب

Soils from different rocks have Different physical

characteristics

And properties: . االرشثخ ازىخ فخس خزفخ ب ففبد ف١ض٠بئ١خ خزفخ

Investigating soil properties:

1. Examine with hand lens: ازفسـ ػ هش٠ك ػذعخ ا١ذ

Examine different soils under a magnifying glass.

2. Particle size:- زد ازساد

Activity: ؾبه

Soil is formed from small pieces of rock

رزى ازشثخ اخضاء فغ١شح اقخس


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Use a sieve to separate some different soils.

The soils should be dry and you should use the same sieve

each time to keep it a fair test.

٠دت ا رى ازشثخ خبفخ ٠دت ا رغزخذ . اعزخذ قفبح فق ااع خزفخ االرشثخ

. فظ اقفبح ف و شح ؼ اخزجبس ػبدي

3. Absorption and flow of water: االزقبؿ رذفك ابء

Activity: ؾبه

1. Poke holes in the bottoms of three plastic containers.

. ف ثالس اػ١خ ثالعز١ى١خافغ ثمثب ف اط

2. Put different type of soil in each container.

. مغ ف و ػبء ع خزف ازشثخ

3. pour water into the soil

فت ابء ػ االرشثخ

4. collect the water which comes through the container in

one minute

. االػ١خ ذح دل١مخ ازذح اخغ ابء از خشج


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Results: ……………………………………………………………………

Most soils are one of three types:

ثخ ااع ؼظ االرشثخ ثال

1. Clay soil ازشثخ اط١١خ

2. Sandy soil ازشثخ اش١خ

3. Loam soil ( ه١١خ س١خ)ازشثخ اخطخ

Soil ازشثخ

Particles through the

mesh

ازساد خالي اقفبح

Amount of water

و١خ ابء


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Clay holds water. انط ذتفظ تاناء

Land with clay soil can easily flood. االسام از رشثزب ه١١خ

رطف ثغخ

Water runs quickly through sandy soil, thus plants may

not have enough water. و , اناء صشف تسشػح ي خالل انتشتح انشيهح

. تانتان انثاتاخ ن تجذ ياء كاف

Loam has just the right mix of clay, sand, and humus.

Plants grow well in loam

Type of soil ع ازشثخ

Sandy

اش١خClay

اط١١خLoam

اخطخ

Colour of soil ازشثخ

Light

فبررDark

داوLittle dark

او ل١الد

Size

زد ازساد

Large

وج١شSmall فغ١ش

Medium

زعو

Texture

اظ

Rough

خؾSmooth

بػSmooth &

rough

بػ خؾ


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Time for water to pass

through

الذ از ٠سزبخ ابء شس

Fast

عش٠غSlow

ثطءMedium

زعو

Drawing the particles

سع ازساد

Key words:

Soil انتشتح

Clay انط

Loam خهط

انط و انشيم Sandy انشيهح

Did you know?

رؼ؟ Earthworms

burrow through

the soil. As they

move, they turn

over soil better

for farming

رسفش ف ا ددح االسك

وب رسشوذ فإب , ازشاة

لت ازشثخ زا افن د

ضساػخ

Project: ؾشع Go in a trip with your

teacher and try to

collect different types

of soil, classify them

into 1. Loam soil

2. Clay soil

3. Sandy soil ارت ثشزخ غ ذسعه

اع خزفخ زبي ا ردغ ا

ث فف ز االرشثخ ا, االرشثخ

رشثخ خطخ .1 رشثخ ه١١خ .2 تشتح سيهح .3

Key Ideas: Soil is small pieces of rock انتشتح ه اجزاء صغشج ي انصخىس

Soil is classified into 3 types: تصف انصخىس انى ثالث اقساو

1. Clay soil انتشتح انطح

2. Loam soil انتشتح انختهطح ي انط و انشيم

3. Sandy soil انتشتح انشيهح


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Key questions: Q.1: Compare between the three types of soil: قاس ت االىاع انثالث ي االتشتح

Characteristic

انخاصح Sandy soil انتشتح انشيهح

Loam soil انخهطح انتشتح

Clay soil انتشتح انطح

Color

انهى

Texture

انهس

Q.2: Which type of soil is the best plants ? Why ?

ا ع االرشثخ االفن جبد؟ برا؟ ---------------------------------------------------------

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earth and rocks - science curriculum office welcomes … 5, unit e.1, rocks and how we use them 1...

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