earth as a system and the nature of science chapter 1 chapter 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Earth As A Earth As A System and The System and The
Nature of Nature of ScienceScience
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Chapter 2Chapter 2
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Views of the EarthViews of the Earth• Past Perceptions
– Myths and legends – We were the center
of the universe (all important)
– Perceptions based on observation
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Rise of the SystemRise of the System• Five major systems
that encompass earth science:
1. Geosphere (land) 2. Atmosphere(weather)3. Biosphere (living
things) 4. Cryosphere (ice) 5. Hydrosphere (water)• All five work together
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Continue…Continue…
• A system– Group of related objects or
components that interact to create a whole
• Types of Systems:– Open (water cycle)– Closed (submarine)
*The difference between an open and closed system is in an open system matter and energy can move with the surroundings.
*In a closed system energy can move but matter cannot move.
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Nature, Science, Human…Nature, Science, Human…• Humans have
realized that they impact the world and have led to important changes
• Not easy to balance human needs/wants with what is best for nature.
• Understanding the issues and making the decisions about them require an understanding of the earth sciences.
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Branches of ScienceBranches of Science• Biology: the study of
living organisms and their function
• Chemistry: the study of properties and composition of matter
• Physics: the study of forces, motion, and energy and its affect on matter
• Earth Science: the name for all the science that collectively seek to understand the earth and it neighbors in space.
GEOSCIENCEPHYSICS
CHEMISTRY
BIOLOGY
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OMEGAOMEGA• The five parts of
earth science • Each interacts with
the others• Each a specialty• OMEGA: acronym for
Oceanography, Meteorology, Ecology/ Environmental, Geology, and Astronomy
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Four SpheresFour Spheres• The only planet to sustain
life due so because of the interaction of the spheres– Atmosphere– Biosphere– Geosphere/Lithosphere– Hydrosphere
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WATER CYCLEWATER CYCLE• Water cycle
continuously moves water from the surface to the atmosphere
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Energy CycleEnergy Cycle• Energy Cycle
shows the continual movement of all energy between the earth and sun and between the spheres themselves
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Carbon CYCLECarbon CYCLE• Carbon Cycle is
the “biogeochemical” movement of the element carbon throughout the spheres.
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The Scientist’s MindThe Scientist’s Mind• Coming from
varied backgrounds, scientist share a commonality: of observing the world and solving problems
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Different Lives; Common Different Lives; Common Goals:Goals:
• Carl Sagan• Enriqueta Barrera• Evan B. Forde
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Qualities of Scientific Qualities of Scientific ThinkingThinking
• Asking questions• Observant• Prediction of results • Hypothesis/Theory/Law• Technology
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Methods of InquiryMethods of Inquiry• Scientific Method
– State the Problem– Research the problem– Hypothesis– Experiment– Analyze Results– Draw Conclusion
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Peer ReviewPeer Review
• Experiment are continually judge for accuracy; research technique and for non-biased information
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• Control: A standard of comparison; does not change.
• Variable: 2 types– Independent: The
variable that is being tested
– Dependent: The results of the change.
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• HYPOTHESIS: an educated guess• THEORY: a tested, educated
guess• SCIENTIFIC LAW: a proven,
tested, educated guess
All this testing All this testing for….for….
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• ACCURACY: is an estimate (all darts close to the center of the target)
• PRECISION: us correct but not close (all darts are near the bottom but not near the center of the target)
What’s the difference? Its What’s the difference? Its close enough!!close enough!!
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Scientists’ ToolsScientists’ Tools• Computers• Satellites• Telescopes• Hammer/chisel• Eyes/ears• Pencil• Your Brain!