earth boot camp #1 - home - old post road...

Earth Boot Camp

#15.7B

Recognize how landforms such as deltas,

canyons, and sand dunes are the result of

changes to Earth’s surface by wind, water,

and ice.

1. Glaciers are masses of ice that move

slowly on land. Which of these features

was most likely formed by a glacier?

F. A wide valley

G. A deep ocean

H. A lava flow

J. A mountain range

STAAR 2013 #20; RC3; Readiness

2. Most canyons are the result of erosion

caused by —

A a river

B a volcano

C a hurricane

D an earthquake

3. Which landform was most likely made

by the process of depositing sediments?

A C

B D

TAKS Study Guide, #22

4. A stalactite is a feature that hangs like an icicle from

the roof of a cavern. How do stalactites in limestone

caverns most likely form?

A Glaciers move through the cavern and deposit

weathered limestone.

B Wind flows through cracks in the roof and erodes

some of the limestone.

C An underground river flows through the cavern and

dissolves some of the limestone.

D Groundwater drips through cracks in the roof and

deposits limestone over time.


5. A student placed some clean rocks in a clear

plastic jar. The jar was filled with clean water and

covered with a lid. Then the student shook the

jar for five minutes. The student noted that

smaller pieces had broken off some of the rocks

and that there was a fine grit on the bottom of

the jar. Which change of Earth’s surface was the

student modeling?

A Physical weathering

B Chemical weathering

C Erosion of sediments

D Forming deltas


6. The rivers in the drawing

have helped change the

shape of the nearby hills

by —

A carrying sediment

away from the hills

B depositing rock near

the top of the hills

C bringing water to the

glacier that moves over the

hills

D forming faults in the

hills where earthquakes can

occur


7. The prairie is ideal for the growth of

grasses because it has rich topsoil. All of

these processes help form topsoil

EXCEPT —

F decay of trees

G weathering of rocks

H erosion of hills

J movement of oceans

2003—#12 (49%)

8. Which experiment would best show

how different methods of plowing fields

on a hill affect erosion?

A C

B D

2003—#24 (55%)

9. Which of these can cause sharp, rough

mountains to become rounded and

smooth over time?

F Wind and rain

G The sun’s rays

H Light and darkness

J Earth’s magnetic field

2006—#34 (85%)

10. The Davis Mountains in West Texas

used to be taller than they are now.

Which of the following conditions most

likely caused the mountains to become

shorter over time?

A Heat and pressure

B Soil deposition

C Rain and wind

D River formation

2009—#23 (77%)

A river delta is an area where sediments are

deposited.

11. The sediments in the river delta shown

above most likely come from the—

A mountain range

B desert

C ocean floor

D coastline

2011—STAAR™ Released Test Questions, #9

12. Which of the following constructive

forces will produce a new landform in the

shortest amount of time?

A Deposition of ocean sediment

B Deposition of river sediment

C Volcanic eruptions along plates

D Plate pressure causing uplift

13. The sides of the Grand Canyon show

many different layers of rock. Which

statement describes how the Grand Canyon

was formed?

A. The canyon has a waterfall.

B. Big rainstorms washed rocks out of the canyon.

C. A flowing river cut into rocks to form the canyon.

D. The canyon was formed from the uplifting of rock.

13. The sides of the Grand Canyon show many different

layers of rock. Which statement describes how the Grand

Canyon was formed?

A. The canyon has a waterfall.

B. Big rainstorms washed rocks out of the canyon.

C. A flowing river cut into rocks to form the canyon.

D. The canyon was formed from the uplifting of rock.

Why A, B, D are wrong:

A. Canyons are deep, narrow valleys

and would not be formed from a

waterfall.

B. Rainstorms provide the water that

weathers the rock.

D. Uplifting of rock forms mountains.

14. Which is an example of a feature

on the Earth’s surface caused by the

force of wind?

A.Limestone rocks

B.Sandbars

C.Limestone caves

D.Sand dunes

14. Which is an example of a feature on the Earth’s

surface caused by the force of wind?A. Limestone rocks

B. Sandbars

C. Limestone caves

D. Sand dunes

Why A, B, C are wrong:

A. Limestone rocks are formed when

layers of sediment are deposited.

B. Sandbars are formed on the ocean

floor when waves move water over

the sand.

C. Limestone caves are formed when

water dissolves rock.

15. Which process is NOT caused by

the movement of Earth's plates?

A. Ocean island

formation

B. Weathering

C. Mountain building

D. Volcanic eruption

15. Which process is NOT caused by

the movement of Earth's plates?

A. Ocean island formation

B. Weathering

C. Mountain building

D. Volcanic eruption

**Ocean island formation, mountain

building and volcanic eruptions are all

caused by the movement of the Earth’s

plates.

16. People living on the Texas Gulf Coast have to

place stone barriers along the shoreline to

prevent wearing away of coastal land by wave

action. This process is called:

A. Erosion

B. Weathering

C. Plate tectonics

D. Deposition

16. People living on the Texas Gulf Coast have to place stone barriers along

the shoreline to prevent wearing away of coastal land by wave action. This

process is called:

A. Erosion

B. Weathering

C. Plate tectonics

D. Deposition

Why B, C, D are wrong:

B. Weathering is the breaking down of rock into smaller

particles.

C. Plate tectonics is a theory that explains the movements of

the Earth’s plates.

D. Deposition is the process of depositing sediment in a

new location.

17. Names and dates on cemetery

tombstones are often worn away by the

constant exposure to wind, rain and frost.

This process is known as:

A. Erosion

B. Frost action

C. Volcanic action

D. Weathering

17. Names and dates on cemetery tombstones are often worn away by the

constant exposure to wind, rain and frost. This process is known as:

A. Erosion

B. Frost action

C. Volcanic action

D. Weathering

Why A, B, C are wrong:

A. Erosion is the process of moving sediment from one place to

another.

B. Frost action is the repeated freezing and thawing of water in

cracks in rocks.

C. Volcanic action results in the formation of igneous rock.

18. Rivers running quickly through the

same area for millions of years would likely

form:

A. Mountains

B. Volcanoes

C. Valleys

D. Glaciers

18. Rivers running quickly through the same area for millions of

years would likely form:

A. Mountains

B. Volcanoes

C. Valleys

D. Glaciers

Why A, B, D are wrong:

A. Mountains are formed from the uplifting of rock.

B. Volcanoes are formed from molten rock.

D. Glaciers are formed by ice.

19. Two students noticed cracks on the

school’s outside basketball court. Which

process can the students conclude

caused the cracks?

A. Erosion

B. Weathering

C. Deposition

D. Wind

19. Two students noticed cracks on the

school’s outside basketball court. Which

process can the students conclude

caused the cracks?

A. Erosion

B. Weathering

C. Deposition

D. Wind

The cement of the basketball court is broken down into soil, sand, and other small particles by the process of weathering.

Why A, C, D are wrong: A. Erosion is the process of moving particles

from one place to another.

C. Deposition is the process in which sediments are dropped from one place to another.

D. Wind is a force that produces weathering or erosion.

20. The sand dune in the picture

above was formed as a result of –

A. wind erosion.

B. animal movement.

C. mass movement.

D. volcanic eruption.

20. The sand dune in the picture above

was formed as a result of –

A. wind erosion.

B. animal movement.

C. mass movement.

D. volcanic eruption.

Why B, C, D are wrong: B. Animals disperse sediments through

an area as they travel.

C. Mass movement occurs as a result of gravity pulling rocks and soil downward.

D. A Volcanic eruption deposit s lava and ash that hardens into rock, not sand.

Wind erosion can blow

sand into large mounds

called dunes.

21. Which of the following

landforms

is a result of deposition?

A C

B D

21. Which of the following

landforms

is a result of deposition?

A C

B DA beach shore is formed

as waves deposit sand

and ocean sediments

onto the land.

A. A sea cave is formed

after soft rock is eroded

by ocean waves.

B. Cliffs are formed by

weathering of rock due to

wind erosion and rain.

C. Arches are formed by

weathering away of rock.

22. This diagram shows a profile of soil layers.

Which layer of soil would be affected the most by

weathering and erosion?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

22. This diagram shows a profile of soil layers.

Which layer of soil would be affected the most by

weathering and erosion?A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Layer 1 is the top layer of soil is

exposed to wind, rain, flooding, and ice

or snow. It will be the layer most

affected by the agents of weathering

and erosion.

Layers 2-4 are all below the surface of the Earth. They are not as

readily affected by wind, ran, flooding, ice or snow.

Top of arch collapses

Formation of a cave

Formation of an arch

Solid rock structure

23. Wave action against solid rock can cause changes in the rock

structure. Which sequence of pictures shows the stages of

erosion?

A. A, B, C, D

B. D, B, C, A

C. B, C, D, A

D. C, D, B, A

Top of arch collapses

Formation of a cave

Formation of an arch

Solid rock structure

23. Wave action against solid rock can cause changes in the rock

structure. Which sequence of pictures shows the stages of

erosion?

A. A, B, C, D

B. D, B, C, A

C. B, C, D, A

D. C, D, B, A

Wave action has changed

the rock structure by

wearing away the softer

rock particles. The

diagrams are arranged in

order:

-a solid rock structure

-beginnings of a cave

-development of an arch

from the cave

-wearing away of the top of

the arch.

24. When the ocean waves hit shore, the land is

affected. If the shore is rock which of the

following would you expect to see?

A. Erosion

B. Deposition

C. Earthquake

D. Dunes

24. When the ocean waves hit shore, the land is

affected. If the shore is rock which of the

following would you expect to see?

A. Erosion

B. Deposition

C. Earthquake

D. Dunes

Erosion occurs when

the water hits the

rocks and carries off

pieces of rock

25. When the ocean strikes the land

different landforms can form.

Which of the following would NOTbe a landform you would expect to

find?

• A. Beaches

• B. Valleys

• C. Mountains

• D. Craters

25. When the ocean strikes the land

different landforms can form.

Which of the following would NOTbe a landform you would expect to

find?

• A. Beaches

• B. Valleys

• C. Mountains

• D. Craters

Mountains will not form when oceans strike the land. Mountains form by the movement of the earth’s plates or volcanoes.

26. A slow moving stream will probably

deposit the most sediment where the

stream bed is—

A narrow and steep

B narrow and level

C wide and level

D wide and steep

27. Freeport, Texas, is built on a growing delta at the

mouth of the Brazos River. The land on which Freeport

is built continues to grow because—

A the ocean waves cause weathering on the delta

B the Brazos River is eroding sediments from the delta

C the Brazos River is depositing sediments on the

delta

D the ocean is depositing sediments on the delta

28. Which landform might be created

by the action of folding and pushing

together of the Earth’s crust?

A A river

B A plain

C A mountain

D A plateau

29. Which of the following is a result

of erosion over a long period of

time?

A The creation of a deep valley

B The formation of a thick glacier

C The creation of a hill or

mountain

D The formation of a river delta

30. In which of the following areas might

rich fertile soils affected by river

deposition be found?

A On a desert plain

B On a rocky plateau

C In a limestone cave

D In a river valley

30. In which of the following areas might

rich fertile soils be affected by river

deposition be found?

A On a desert plain

B On a rocky plateau

C In a limestone cave

D In a river valley

31. Which statement best describes how

canyons like the Grand Canyon are formed?

A Most canyons are formed from falling water.

B Big rainstorms wash rocks out of the canyon.

C Flowing rivers cut into riverbanks to form

canyons.

D Canyons are formed from big rocks that

come from other places.

32. Which of the following is a

constructive result of weathering and

erosion?

A River deltas are filled with sediments.

B New soil and landforms are created.

C Rich topsoil is blown or washed away.

D Rocks are turned into sandpaper.

33. Which of the following would

probably change the surface of the Earth

in the shortest amount of time?

A A massive hurricane

B A volcanic eruption

C Waves on a beach

D A large tornado


constructive force that changes the

surface of the Earth over time?

A Deposition

B Earthquakes

C Tidal waves

D Weathering


constructive force (build up) that

changes the surface of the Earth over

time?

A Deposition

B Earthquakes

C Tidal waves

D Weathering

35. For millions of years, wind and water have

weathered the surface of the Earth and worn

rocks into sediments. Why is the surface of

the Earth NOT totally level after all of this

weathering?

A Constructive forces build up the land.

B Wind and rain cannot affect solid rock.

C Wind and rain pile dirt into mounds.

D Droughts keep the Earth from becoming flat.

36. Which of the following landforms was

NOT formed by erosion from rivers or

glaciers?

A A canyon

B A mountain

C A valley

D A river delta

36. Which of the following landforms was

NOT formed by erosion from rivers or

glaciers?

A A canyon

B A mountain (from earthquakes/plate movement)

C A valley

D A river delta

37. Which of the following landforms is

formed mostly by erosion?

A Delta

B Glacier

C Mountain

D Valley

38. Sand dunes like the ones pictured above

are most likely caused by —

A rain

B glaciers

C streams

D wind

39. What are Earth’s surface features

called?

A Rocks

B Continents

C Landforms

D Earthquakes

The diagram below shows a river flowing through a valley.

40. Which of the following processes most likely

caused the river valley to form?

A Evaporation

B Erosion

C Deposition

D Condensation

41. What most likely caused these mountains

to have a rough surface?

A Sunlight heated the surface and the rocks

cracked.

B Rocks were weathered and then eroded.

C Seasons have gotten warmer over the years.

D At one time ocean waves crashed against

the mountains.

42. Which landforms can result when

running water such as a river erodes

sediments from an area?

A Mountains and volcanoes

B Valleys and canyons

C Plains and mountains

D Deltas and caves

43. Which of the following processes is MOST

responsible for the formation of the Grand Canyon?

A Scouring by continental glaciers

B Erosion and weathering by wind and water

C Eruptions of explosive volcanoes

D Cracking of Earth’s crust by earthquakes

44. All of the following are ways in which

Earth’s landforms, or physical features can be

changed EXCEPT—

A Glaciers scraping over mountains and hills

B Rain washing away mud from cliffs and

hillsides

C Animals migrating across the hills and plains

D Rivers weathering and eroding rocks and

sediments

45. What is one way that ocean currents

affect the land? Ocean currents—

A create mountains and valleys on the

land

B cause weathering, deposition, and

erosion

C cause temperatures to be lower on land

D cause ships to roll in high waves

46. The movement of sand along the

beach and the erosion of rock on the

shore are the direct result of –

A environmental pollution

B river flooding

C glacial deposition

D wave action

47. Why are rocks and pebbles found in a river usually

smooth?

A The rocks and pebbles found in rivers are not very

old and are still very smooth.

B The flowing river water makes the rocks and pebbles

rub against each other.

C Rough rocks and pebbles would stop the flow of the

river, so they must be smooth.

D Fish and other animals nest on the rocks and

pebbles and make them smooth.

48. The process of the ocean waves

breaking down the seashore or beach is

called—

A erosion

B deposition

C weathering

D sedimentation

49. Galveston Island is a barrier island along the Gulf

Coast of Texas. Galveston Island was formed when –

A ocean currents and waves deposited sand and

debris near the Texas coast over thousands or millions of

years

B tropical storms eroded sand and debris from the

Texas coast over several years during the early 1900s

C a large hurricane deposited sand and debris near

the Texas coast during the very early 1900s

D ocean currents and waves deposited sand and

debris near the Texas coast over dozens of years

50. What factor is most responsible for

the formation of sand dunes along

Galveston Bay’s shoreline?

A Rain

B Wind

C Earthquakes

D Glacial deposits

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