Earth Science Introduction Lab

Topics:• SI units (metric system)• Earth Systems• Scientific Method

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Objectives and Goals

• Students will learn common SI units found in length, mass and volume.• Students will gain an understanding of the earth’s primary open systems and their interactions.• Students will apply the scientific method and understand how it relates to science.

2Students will complete during theweek.

The Metric System (SI units)

International System of units (SI units)• Legal system of measuring in France (1800’s)• SI units take the place of feet, inches, ect..• Most countries use SI units except …………• International communication using SI units

Divided into Length, Volume, and MassSI unit (metric) is based on the number 10

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Students must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric system

A meter stick equals about3.28 feet or 39 inches

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Students must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric system

“typical” sugar cubes equal about 1 mL

1 liter of soda (1000 mL)

US penny weighs about 2.5 grams

Paper-clip weighs abouta gram

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Conversions between SI units (length, mass, volume)BASED ON THE NUMBER 10

Lengthsmallest

largest

Volume Mass10 mm = 1 cm100 cm = 1m1000 m = 1 km

1 cm3 = 1 mL1000 mL = 1L

1000 mg = 1 g1000 g = 1 kg

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Conversions between units

1. Know which units are larger and smaller2. Know how many zeros in the conversion

Converting from a larger to a smaller unit, move thedecimal to the RIGHT

Larger Smaller RightConverting from a smaller to a larger unit, move thedecimal to the LEFT

Smaller Larger Left7

L S RIGHTS L LEFT

Examples:

6.25 m = ________ cm12g = ________ mg.526 L = ________ ml

100 cm = 1m2-zerosmove decimal to right

625

12000526

4526 mg = ______ g5745.6 m = ______ km10,562 mL = ______ L

1000 mg = 1 g3- zerosmove decimal to left4.526

5.745610.562

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Conversion from English to Metric

524 m = _______ feet

524 m m

ft

1

3.28

1= ft1718.7

1718.7

1718.7 ft =3.28 ft

1 m524 m

Important!!! – To change the unit, ALWAYShave the same unit in the denominator sothere is cancellation to the desired unit. 9

Try These conversions

6.32 mm= _______ cm5.23 km = _______ m23.56 mg = ______ g2.147 kg = _______ g28.36 L = _______ mL49.4 mL = _______cm3

234 m ______ mi

36.1 cm _____ in

559 kg = _____ lb634 g = ______oz25.2 gal ______ L

78.25 mL = _____gal

.6325230.02356

.00214728360

49.4

.145

14.21

1.2322.4284.2

.020

Complete Part A of lab10

Part B – Latitude and Longitude• Where are you on earth??????????????

Latitude/longitude• a grid system used to locate features on the earth’s surface

Latitude: • parallels that move north

and south• 0o latitude = equator

Longitude:• meridian lines that move east and west • 0o longitude is through Greenwich, England 11

Los Angeles, Ca 350 N-lat, 1210 W-longSpokane, Wa 470 N-lat, 1180 W-longNew York, NY 420 N-lat, 750 W-long 12

A

B

C

DE

15 N-lat, 142 W-long15 N-lat, 142 W-long

52 N-lat, 78 E-long52 N-lat, 78 E-long

18 S-lat, 162 W-long18 S-lat, 162 W-long55 S-lat, 15 W-long55 S-lat, 15 W-long

25 S-lat, 136 E-long25 S-lat, 136 E-long

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Earth as a system:• How systems exchange matter and energy

SUN

IsolatedSystem

No exchange ofmatter or energy

SUN

ClosedSystem

Exchange of energybut, no matter

SUN

OpenSystem

Exchange of bothmatter and energy

Which system is the Earth?

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The fragile Earth as a closed system is supported by fourinterrelated open systems

LithosphereRepresents the solid earthRepresents the solid earthminerals, rocks, and minerals, rocks, and interiorinterior

Atmosphere:Thin blanket of gas keepingThin blanket of gas keepinglife alive, warm, and protectedlife alive, warm, and protected

Hydrosphere:Interaction of all water processes,Interaction of all water processes,only planet with wateronly planet with water71% ocean, 12,500 feet deep71% ocean, 12,500 feet deepstreams, lakes, groundwaterstreams, lakes, groundwater

Biosphere:Includes all living Includes all living organisms on land, organisms on land, in water, and in airin water, and in air

GeosphereInteraction of Interaction of all open systemsall open systems15

Scientific InquiryScientific Inquiry – How do we know earth – How do we know earth processes are accurate?processes are accurate?

The Scientific MethodThe Scientific MethodA set of A set of logicallogical steps scientist use to steps scientist use to “get to the“get to thetruth”truth” of processes acting in the universe of processes acting in the universe

Making Making ObservationsObservations Collecting facts, asking why questions, Collecting facts, asking why questions,

Making a Making a Hypothesis Hypothesis (predictions on why)(predictions on why)explaining how and why it works (after fact finding)explaining how and why it works (after fact finding)““educated guessing”educated guessing”

Testing the hypothesis Testing the hypothesis (experimenting)(experimenting)performing experimentations that test the accuracyperforming experimentations that test the accuracy

the hypothesisthe hypothesisScientific TheoryScientific Theory

well tested hypothesis – widely accepted view thatwell tested hypothesis – widely accepted view thatexplains the observable factsexplains the observable facts 16

Part D – Scientific MethodThe Game of NIM’s Objective:

Use the scientific method to find strategies that allow you to win EVERYTIME!!!

1. On each turn, you can take as many chips out of any ONE row you desire.2. You CANNOT take chips out of columns.3. The person taking the last chip loses.

RowsColumns

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Part-DUse the last page (scientific method)

Record your• observations (the way the game is played• hypothesis (predictions to win)• test your hypothesis (experiment)• What strategies are working• Do you win every-time (theory)

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