earthquake disaster resilience part 2: informing community stakeholders about global earthquake...
TRANSCRIPT
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
PART 2: Informing Community Stakeholders About Global Earthquake
Disaster Situations
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
The Process of Becoming an Informed Community Stakeholder
is Like Learning How to Fly a Plane Using A Flight Simulator
so: SIMULATE GLOBAL
EARTHQUAKE SITUATIONS UNTIL THEY BECOME YOUR REALITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARD MAPS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE
• PPREPAREDNESS• PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
RESILIENCY POLICIESRESILIENCY POLICIES
• PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR ANYTHING)
• PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND)
• SCENARIOS
(KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT)
• PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR ANYTHING)
• PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND)
• SCENARIOS
(KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT)
RESILIENCY POLICIESRESILIENCY POLICIES
• EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SAVE LIVES & PROTECT PROPERTY)
• RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION (RESTORE & NORM-ALIZE SERVICES)
• EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SAVE LIVES & PROTECT PROPERTY)
• RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION (RESTORE & NORM-ALIZE SERVICES)
AN INFORMED COMMUNITY STAKE HOLDER
AN INFORMED COMMUNITY STAKE HOLDER
MAKES GOOD DECISIONS BASED ON THE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE ON GLOBAL EARTH-QUAKE REALITIES
MAKES GOOD DECISIONS BASED ON THE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE ON GLOBAL EARTH-QUAKE REALITIES
BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE
TOOLS FOR ENACTING AND IMPLEMENTING POLICIES ON
PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, SCENARIOS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, and RECOVERY & RECONSTRUCTION
BOOK OF
BOOK OF
KNOWLEDGE
KNOWLEDGE
- Perspectives
- Perspectives
On Science, Policy,
On Science, Policy,
And EM HI-ED
And EM HI-ED
• OCCURRENCE (PLATE TECTONICS, LOCATION, FAULTING, SEISMICITY, …)
Earthquakes occur as the result of global interactions between and within tectonic plates in the lithosphere that are slowly moving past each other as the result of stresses created by heat flow from deep inside the Earth.
THE TECTONIC PLATES
Figure 2.29
Schematic Diagram of the Schematic Diagram of the Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
Schematic Diagram of the Schematic Diagram of the Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
NORTHNORTHNORTHNORTHWESTWESTWESTWEST
Schematic Diagram of the Schematic Diagram of the Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
Schematic Diagram of the Schematic Diagram of the Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
NORTHNORTHNORTHNORTHWESTWESTWESTWEST
SITUATION: SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE
SITUATION: SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE
OCCURRENCE
The Seismicity Record Contains Information on WHERE, HOW BIG, HOW DEEP, and HOW OFTEN
SEISMICITY: EUROPE
SEISMICITY: USASEISMICITY: USA
SEISMICITY: MID-AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN BASIN
•PHYSICAL EFFFECTS (TSUNAMIS, GROUND SHAKING, GROUND FAILURE, …)
REGIONAL DEFORMATION
EARTHQUAKE
TSUNAMI
VIBRATION
FAULT RUPTURE
FOUNDATION FAILURE
AMPLIFICATION
LIQUEFACTION
LANDSLIDE
AFTERSHOCKS
SEICHE
DAMAGE/LOSSDAMAGE/LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/LOSSDAMAGE/LOSS
SITUATION: A TSUNAMISITUATION: A TSUNAMI
• TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION
• OTHER LOCATIONS INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN, HAWAII, CARIBBEAN, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS, GUAM, WESTERN USA, AND MEDITERRANEAN
• TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION
• OTHER LOCATIONS INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN, HAWAII, CARIBBEAN, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS, GUAM, WESTERN USA, AND MEDITERRANEAN
SIZE (VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL WAVE RUNUP) OF A TSUNAMISIZE (VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL WAVE RUNUP) OF A TSUNAMI
• TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT 800 KM/ HOUR, SLOWING TO 50-500 KM/HR AS SHORE IS REACHED
• WAVE HEIGHTS CAN REACH 30 M OR MORE
• WAVES CAN TRAVEL 2 KM OR MORE INLAND
• TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT 800 KM/ HOUR, SLOWING TO 50-500 KM/HR AS SHORE IS REACHED
• WAVE HEIGHTS CAN REACH 30 M OR MORE
• WAVES CAN TRAVEL 2 KM OR MORE INLAND
SITUATION: STRONG GROUND SHAKING
Ground Shaking records Indicate The Strength, Duration, And
Dominant Frequencies of Ground Shaking
PROBABILISTIC GROUND SHAKING MAP
PROBABILISTIC GROUND SHAKING MAP
• SPATIAL VARIATION OF THE SEVERITY OF GROUND SHAKING EXPECTED DURING A SPECIFIC EXPOSURE TIME
• SPATIAL VARIATION OF THE SEVERITY OF GROUND SHAKING EXPECTED DURING A SPECIFIC EXPOSURE TIME
SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE:LIQUEFACTION
SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE:LIQUEFACTION
SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE: LANDSLIDE
SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE: LANDSLIDE
• SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS (DAMAGE, LOSS OF FUNCTION, COLLAPSE, LOSS OF LIFE, LOSS OF HABITAT, LOSS OF JOBS, LOSS OF CONFIDENCE, LOSS OF ECONOMIC LOSSES, …)
SITUATION: URBAN DAMAGE
The Kocaeli(Turkey) Earthquakeof 17 August 1999
SITUATION: INTERIOR LOSS OF FUNCTION
SITUATION: FAILURE OF URM BUILDING
SITUATION: COLLAPSE OF HIGH-RISE APARTMENT UNIT
SITUATION: DAMAGE TO HOUSING UNITS
SITUATION: 56 MILLION DAMAGED BUILDINGS
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF HOSPITAL
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF HOSPITAL
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION: ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF AIRPORT
SITUATION: DISRUPTION OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES
SITUATION: DISRUPTION OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES
SITUATION: DAM FAILURE SITUATION: DAM FAILURE
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TO UTILITY CORRIDOR
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TO UTILITY CORRIDOR
SITUATION: RADIOACTIVITY LEAK
SITUATION: DEATH TOLL REACHED 220,OOO+
SITUATIONl: 88,000 DEAD
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION IN PORT AREA
SITUATION: RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALSSITUATION: RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
SITUATION: OIL REFINERY FIRESITUATION: OIL REFINERY FIRE
SITUATION: LOSS OF POWER AND LOSS OF FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITY SITUATION: LOSS OF POWER AND
LOSS OF FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITY
SITUATION: LOSS OF FIRE FIGHTING CAPABILITY
SITUATION: EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
SITUATION: NEED FOR TEMPORARY SHELTER
SITUATION: NEED FOR TEMPORARY SHELTER
SITUATION: LOSS OF BUSINESS SITUATION: LOSS OF BUSINESS
SITUATION: LOSS OF 40 PERCENT OF GDP
HIGH VELOCITY OF INCOMING WAVES
TSUNAMIS TSUNAMIS
DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP AND RUNOFF
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE WARNING SYSTEMS
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
SITUATION: $309 BILLION LOSS FROM TSUNAMI WAVES
SITUATION: NEED FOR FOOD AND WATER
SITUATION: NEED FOR FOOD AND WATER
SITUATION: LOSS OF REFINERY SERVICES