earthquakes, and the earth structure · p-wave velocity 6 km/sec in crust 30 km earthquake p-wave...
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Earthquakes, and the Earth Structure
Earthquake and Seismic Waves
P and S waves
Pulses of Compression in Solid and Liquid
P-waves
Shear Distortions in Solid but NOT Liquid
S-waves
P-waves move through liquid: S-waves don’t
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
Seismograph
Seismogram
Travel-Time curves
Reflection and Refraction
Refraction: “bending” of waves as the wave passes from one medium to another
Laser light source Laser path in air
Laser path in water
Laser source
Reflected Laser path in water
Refraction and Head Waves
“Head Wave”: Refracted Laser path along air/water interface
Man Made Earthquakes
Refraction in the Earth
Head Waves
Finding the Mantle Finding the
Mantle
Finding the Mantle Finding
the Mantle
Earthquakes and shadow zones
P- and S-wave
Shadow Zone
Finding the Core
S-wave
Shadow Zone
Outer core is Liquid
Compositional Layers of Earth
Seismic Velocity
structure of Earth
Seismic Velocity outer 1000 km
Today’s structure
of the Earth
Crust vs Whole Earth
Composition
Evolution of the Universe
Big-Bang to Solar System
Earth grows and rounds
Earth Grows and Rounds Out
Earlier
Later
4.5 to 4.4 Ga: Differentiation
The Iron
Catastrophe
Earth’s Early Structure
Compositional layers of the Earth