earth’s spheres & branches of earth science module e intro unit 1 lesson 1 pages 4-7
TRANSCRIPT
What is a System?
• Systems– a group of interacting
parts that work to together to do a job or to form a whole. • Open Systems• Closed Systems
I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems.
What is a System?
• Systems– Open System• Matter and energy
can flow into and out of the system.– Uncovered pan of
boiling water.– Vegetable Garden– Natural
Environment
I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems.
What is a System?
• Systems– Closed System• Matter cannot enter
or leave, energy can.– Covered pan of
boiling water.– Terrarium– Greenhouse
I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems.
What is the Earth’s System?• Earth System– A complex system made up
of:• Matter
– Living Things– Nonliving things.
• Energy• Processes within Earth’s
– Matter and energy continuously cycled through the smaller systems that make up Earth’s spheres.
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
What is the Earth’s Geosphere?
• Geosphere– Mostly solid, rocky
part of the Earth.– Divided into 3 Layers
1. Crust2. Mantle3. Core
a. Inner Coreb. Outer Core
I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth.
What is the Earth’s Hydrosphere?• Hydrosphere
– Part of the Earth that is liquid water.
– Always moving, through all spheres.
– 71% of Earth’s surface is the ocean.• Lakes• Rivers• Marshes• Rain• Underground water• Droplets in clouds.
I will be able to define and describe the four main spheres that make up the Earth.
What is the Earth’s Cryosphere?
• Cryosphere– Made up of all frozen
water on Earth.• Ice• Sea Ice• Glaciers• Ice Shelves• Ice Bergs• Snow
I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth.
What is the Earth’s Atmosphere?• Atmosphere– Mostly made of invisible
gases that surround the Earth.
– Contains the air we breathe.– Composition
• 71% Nitrogen• 23% Oxygen• 1% Trace Gases.
– Traps Heat Energy from the sun.• Greenhouse effect, keeps
the planet warm.
I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth.
What is the Earth’s Biosphere?• Biosphere
– Made up of living things and their habitats.
– Must Have:• Oxygen• Carbon Dioxide• Liquid Water• Moderate Temperatures• Source of Energy
– Sun– Plants and Algae
(photosynthesis)
I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth.
How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact?
• Matter and Energy– 1. By exchange of matter.
• Water Cycle– Water evaporates into the
atmosphere.– Water condenses forming clouds.
• Nitrogen Cycle– Bacteria release nitrogen into the
soil from the atmosphere.– Plants use nitrogen to grow.
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact?
2. By exchange of energy• Moves back and forth between
spheres.• Plants use solar energy to make
food.• Animals eat plants for energy.• Solar Energy
– Drives winds and Weather
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
What is the Source of Earth’s Energy?
• Earth’s Energy– Most comes from the Sun.– A tiny fraction• Ocean Tides• Geothermal– Lava & Magma
– Moves or Changes form– Not created or destroyed.– Transferred between spheres
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
What is the Source of Earth’s Energy?
• Energy Budget– A way to keep track of
energy transfers into and out of Earth’s system.
– Unbalanced budget• Can increase or
decrease Earth’s temperatures.
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
What can disturb Earth’s Energy Budget?
• Disturbed Energy Budget– 1. Increasing Greenhouse
gases.
– 2. Melting Polar Ice Caps
I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it.
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
• 5 Branches
I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter.
Oceanography
Environmental
Geology
Astronomy
Meteorology
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
• Astronomy– The study of the
universe beyond Earth.
– Astronomers study:• Stars• Planets• Galaxies• History of the
Universe.
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
Reason for tides
Different Galaxies
The Sun
Mars
Planets
Stars
Reason for Seasons
Telescopes
Reason for night/day
Astronomer
What are the Branches of Earth Science?• Environmental Science– The study of Earth’s
environment and resources and the effect of human activities
– Environmentalists or ecologist study problems like:• Pollution• Global Warming
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
Global Warming
Conservation of Earth’s resources.
Effects of oil spills
Effects of landfills
Effects of fertilizer on
ground water.
Melting Ice Caps
Air Pollution
Greenhouse effect
Ecologist
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
• Geology– The study the solid
Earth.– Geologists study the
forces that shape Earth.
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
Volcanoes Seismic Waves
Formation of Mountains
Predicting Earthquakes
Effects of Soil Erosion
MineralsInside of Earth
Natural ResourcesGeologist
What are the Branches of Earth Science?
• Meteorology– The study of Earth’s
atmosphere.• Meteorologists
gather information about conditions in the atmosphere from around the world.• Forecast weather.
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
MeteorologistChasing
TornadoesThe Ozone
Layer
The Layers of the
Atmosphere
Wind Patterns in North Wales
Predicting the Weather
Predicting Hurricanes
What are the Branches of Earth Science?• Oceanography– The study of
Earth’s oceans.• Oceanographers
study:– Chemistry of
the ocean.– Shape of the
ocean floor.– Organisms
living in them.
I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science.
Studying Tsunamis
Cold/Warm Ocean Currents
Ocean life zones
Recording tides
Wave patterns at the beach
Studying the Intertidal Zone
Studying what makes up
ocean water.
Coral reefs
Ocean floorOceanographer