easier than throwing away (gb) 1

7/29/2019 Easier Than Throwing Away (GB) 1

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www.osram.com

Easier than throwing away.OSRAM guide for proper lamp disposal.


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2

Introduction We respect the environment andta e respons ty or protect ng t .

e use resources spar ng y an

avo pro uc ng waste. t our

energy-sav ng amps an systems,

we contribute to environmental pro-

tect o n aroun t e wor .

uoted from the RAM company

guideline: lobal climate change

through the strong increase of man-

ma e green ouse gas em ss ons, t e

r s ng consumpton o m te natura

resources, an energy an water

s ortages n some regons are area y

today noticeable effects for many

peop e. ere ore, we ave to pus

env ronmenta protect on t rougsustana e programs to sa eguar

e e o uture generat ons. veryone

must contribute toward this goal,

n v ua s as we as organ zat ons or

compan es.

RAMs sustainability program global

care represents our commitment to

soc a an env ronmenta respons ty

wor w e. s a ea er n nnovat ve

g t ng so ut ons, we are e cate to

pro ucts an processes t at contr ute

o so v ng g o a susta na ty c a enges,

a ress econom c nee s an protect

e env ronment or to ay an or t e

uture.

eve opment, pro uct on an app cat on

o energy e c ent amps an g t ng

systems contr ute to t e re uct on o

energy consumption and C 2 emissions.

t t e same t me, t s mportant to

a gn t e e cyc e o t ese energy

sav ng so utons wt our envronment,

rom env ronmenta y soun pro uct

designs and manufacturing processes

o a more eco og ca sposa at t een o t e pro uct e cyc e.

resent y n many countr es we are

going through a period where inefficient

g t sources no onger u t e ega

requ rements or energy e c ency an

t ere ore ave to e rep ace y

energy saving lamps. RAM halogen

lamps, compact fluorescent lamps and

- amps are goo a ternat ves or

ncan escent amps. t regar s touorescent amps on y vers ons w t

tr - an p osp ors are use ;

mercury vapor lamps HQ are being

rep ace w t more energy e c ent

a ternatves rom pro uct am es suc

as P WER TA , P WERBALL an

VIAL X NA

o eep t e env ronmenta mpact as

ow as poss e t s essent a t at amps,

e ectronc contro gear an umna res

o not conta n any arm u an env ron-

menta y reevant su stances or,

unavo a e, on y n m n ma quant t es.

n a t on, we ave to ma e sure t at

t ese pro ucts en up n a recyc ng

process at t e en o t e r e cyc e.

s roc ure w n orm you n eta

a out t e part cu ar steps.


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Which laws are applicable Page 0405

to lamps, luminaires and

control gear?

What are the differences Page 0609

between lamp technologies?

What is the benefit Page 1013

of lamp recycling?

Where can I find Page 1415

further information?

CONTENTS


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4

To make sure that no health or environmental hazards come from products during their entire life cycle

the European Union has issued a few directives over the last years which on one hand reduce or ban

harmful substances and on the other hand regulate the end-of-life treatment of products. The following

directives regulate the use of certain chemical substances and the disposal of lamps, electronic controlgear and luminaires.

EEE Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment

regu ates t e o gat on to ta e ac e ectr c an

e ectron c waste:

The European directive 2002 96 E regarding the obligation

to ta e ac e ectr c an e ectronc waste ecame e ectve

as of February 2003 and subsequently has been transformed

nto national law in all member states. All manufacturers and

mporters of electric and electronic equipment are obliged to

accept returns o t e r pro ucts, an to ta e steps regar ng

e an ng, usage or recyc ng.

manu acturers an mporters are o ge to reg ster t em-

se ves at nat ona eve . e mem er states raw up a st o

manu acturers an recor ata on a yeary ass regar ng t e

quant t es an categor es o e ectrca an e ectronc equpment

t at as een ntro uce , co ecte , recyce an reuse .

t ona y ata on t e a rea y exporte use equ pment,

w c as een co ecte , n cat ng we g t or, t s s not

poss e, t e num er o app ances or evces s recor e .

e ectr ca an e ectron c equ pment e ecte y

must e c ear y a e e w t t e sym o o a crosse out

waste conta ner. nspect on o t e correct mp ementat on o

s rect ve n t e mem er states s carre out at nat ona

evel. In ermany, for example, the European directive is

implemented by the so-called ElektroG, the national law

regulating the introduction, collection and environmental

riendly disposal of electric and electronic equipment. A listof organizations taking care of collection, recycling and reuse

n the E mem er states on ehalf of manufacturers an

importers can be found on page 14.

Which laws are applicable to lamps,

luminaires and control gear?

LEGAL FRAMEWORK


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5

ohS Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous

ubstances in Electric and Electronic Equipment

re uces hazar ous su stances:

he RoH -Directive (2002 95 E restricts the use of certain

hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment

and components. The ob ective is to completely ban hazard-

ous substances from products and components.

e evant su stances are or examp e

Lead for example in solder

polybrominated biphenyl PBB and polybrominated

diphenyl ethers (PBDE as flame retardants in plastic

mater ia ls an ca les

cadmium, to be found for example in paint and plastics

hexavalent chromium in chrome plating of metals and

p ast cs

hrough this directive, all manufacturers are obliged to no

longer use these substances. However, as this requirement

could not be realised in the production processes used and,

as small quantities cannot be detected analytically, concrete

limit values for hazardous substances in products have been

efined in the revised directive from August 18, 2005.

In addition, a number of exemptions have been made for

some products such as mercury in discharge lamps at

least for the time being. Step by step these exemptions wille t g tene or re uce .

imilar directives regarding environmental protection are also

being discussed or already in effect in countries outside of the

European Union, e.g. witzerland, Norway, United tates,

Japan, China and South Korea.

EA H Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and

estriction of hemicals regulates the introduction

o c em ca s:

Directive E 1907 2006 came into force July 1, 2007 and

reguates t e regstraton, evauat on, aut orsat on an

restr ct on o a c em ca su stances n t e uropean mar et.

anu acturers an mporters o c emcas are e respon-

sible for the safe handling of these substances. nly chemical

substances registered with the uropean hemicals

gency n e s n can e manu acture or mporte nto

e uropean n on.

e o gat on to reg ster app es to a c em ca su stances

w t an annua quant ty o more t an one metr c ton.

REA H regulates the use of chemical substances not just in

ectrc or e ectronc equ pment ut n a goo s an t ere-

ore covers a much wider application area than RoH which

n y covers c em ca s n e ectrc an e ectronc evces.


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6

ncan escent amps are or ave een use n a most every

app cat on except o ce an n ustr a g t ng.

ue to their low efficacy of about 10 lm/W (lumens per wattncandescent lamps are todays light source with the least

energy efficiency and hence are or will be banned by law in

many countries. As of September 1, 2012 the remaining

wattages of 15, 25 and 40 W are no longer allowed to be

markete within the E .

ncandescent lamps can be disposed of with the general

waste.

What are the differences betweenlamp technologies?

LAMP TECHNOLOGIES

Functional principle tungsten ament s eate to approx mate y 2700 e v ny an e ectrc current an as a resu t emts warm w te g t.

s process s runn ng n a g ass u un er n trogen or an

nert gas atmosp ere. e average amp e s 1000 ours.

Incandescent lamps

Main application

Energy efficiency

Waste disposal


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e unct ona pr nc p e equa s t at o ncan escent amps

except t at a ogen a e to t e ng gas prevents ac -

enng o t e gass u . e so-ca e aogen cyce a ows

or sma er u s apes an resu ts n g er e caces,

onger amp e an r g ter an more r ant g t w c

at 3000 s a so w ter an ence appears a tt e t coo er

t an ncan escent g t.

etween two e ectro es mercury atoms are c arge n a

ow pressure gas sc arge emtt ng pre omnant y u travo et

ra at o n. s ra at o n s e n g converte nto v s e g t

y p osp or coat ngs on t e nner sur ace o t e g ass tu e.

epen ng on t e compos t on o t e p osp ors a g t

coors can e generate , rom warm w te to ay g t.

s a po nt-s ape g t source a ogen amps are par-

tcua r y suta e or accent g t ng n s ops, museums

and galleries. Due to their warm, but brilliant light and the

act t at t ey can eas y e mme , a ogen amps are

a so use or genera um nat on o ote s, restaurants

an ouse o s.

ue to t e r g umnous e cacy, ong amp e an amnar

g t str ut on uorescent amps are espec a y su ta e

for energy efficient general illumination. Therefore, they are

ma n y use n o ce g t n g an n ustr a app cat o ns.

Halogen lamps last up to five times longer than incan-escent lamps. Especially HALOGEN ECO lamps are

an excellent alternative for incandescent lamps in the

next few years.

ith luminous efficacies beyond 100 lm/W particularly T5lamps with a diameter of 16 mm are amongst todays most

fficient and long lasting light sources. When operating them

with dimmable electronic control gears, daylight sensors and

presence detectors energy savings of up to 80 % compared

with older fluorescent systems can be achieved.

ike incandescent lamps halogen lamps do not contain

any harmful substances and can be disposed of with the

general waste.

ll fluorescent lamps contain low quantities of mercury and,

ince 2006, must therefore be disposed of by public and

private waste disposal authorities in the communities.

Halogen lamps Fluorescent lamps


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8

LAMP TECHNOLOGIES

Functional principle

Main application

Energy efficiency

Waste disposal

Compact fluorescent lamps wor

exactly like linear fluorescent lamps.

The only difference is that their dis-

charge tube is bent or twisted to

allow for a more compact shape.

hen applying a voltage between two

crystalline semi-conducting layers

electrons can move from one layer to

the other where they recombine with

atoms lacking electrons and thereby

emit ra iation which is characteristic

of the layer material. White LED light

s composed of blue LED light sent

through a yellow phosphor coating.lue and yellow spectral components

generate light colors from warm white

to daylight depending on the phosphor.

ese amps no matter p n- ase

or screw- ase w t ntegrate contro

gear are use or genera um nat on

n var ous app catons an t ey are

most requent y nsta e n recesse

own g ts.

- amps em tt ng w te g t are

t e most nnovat ve a ternat ve or

ncan escent amps. ey are use

or genera g t ng purposes as we

as or spot g t ng.

riginally developed as an alternative

or ncan escent amps compact

uorescent amps consume up to

80 less energy than standard incan-

escent amps an ast up to 20 t mes

onger.

o ays amps are on t e same

eve w t screw- ase compact

uorescent regar ng energy e c ency.

ut t ecomes a rea y apparent t at

amps w c ear y outper orm t e

um nous e cac es o compact uo-rescent amps n t e next years. e

typ ca average amp e o 25,000

ours s a rea y muc onger t an t at

o t e most ong ast ng compact

uorescent amps.

compact uorescent amps conta n

ow quant t es o mercury an , s nce

2006, must t ere ore e spose oy pu c an pr vate waste sposa

aut or t es n t e commun t es.

t oug amps o not contan

mercury t ey must e spose o ust

e sc arge amps v a pu c anprvate waste sposa aut ort es n t e

communt es ue to t e r e ectronc

componen s.

ompact fluorescent lamps ED lamps so-called retrofits


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etween two electrodes mercury

atoms are charged under high pressure

by electrons thereby emitting blue

and green light. A phosphor coating

improves the color temperature and

leads to a moderate color rendering.

A mixture of mercury and metal halides

is excited by electrons in a high

pressure atmosphere forming a white

discharge arc between two electrodes.

Depending on the composition of the

chemical elements used this discharge

can generate light colors from warm

white to daylight with excellent color

rendering.

etween the electro es so ium atoms

are charged by electrons under high

pressure in high pressure sodium lamps

or likewise under low pressure in low

pressure sodium lamps. Low pressure

sodium lamps emit monochromatic

yellow light making it impossible to

render any color but yellow. High pres-

sure sodium lamps allow for renderingof some primary colors.

ue to t e r mo erate co or ren er ng

mercury amps are a most exc us ve y

use to um nate streets an pu c

p aces, occasona y a so or n ustra

g t ng.

s a po nt-s ape g t source meta

a e amps are part cu ar y su ta e or

spot g t ng. amps w t ower wattages

are o ten use n s op g tng an atey

a so or um nat on o roa s an pu c

areas. amps w t wattages o 400

an g er are ma n y use n n ustr a

an sports g tng.

ue to t e r ye ow g t an t e r

nsu c ent co or ren er ng propert es

so um vapor amps are a most ex-

cusve y use n out oor g t ng suc

as um nat on o roa s, pu c p aces,

u ng aca es, ra way trac s an

n ustr a ac t es.

ercury amps ac eve on y a max -

mum luminous efficacy of 60 lm W,

t e owest o a g ntens ty s-

c arge amps. ere ore, t ey w

e anne n t e an as o 2015

may no onger e roug t to mar et.

eta a e amps stan out ue to

t e r very g um nous e cacy o

more than 100 lm W and their excellent

co or ren er ng. ro ucts w t ceram c

tec noogy c ear y outper orm versons

w t quartz urners regar ng energye c ency, co or ren er ng an amp e.

odium vapor lamps are very energy

e c ent. g pressure so um amps

reach efficacies of 150 lm W and with

up to 174 lm W low pressure versions

ac eve current y t e g est um nous

e cac es o a genera g t ng amps;owever t e r monoc romat c ye ow

g t s m te to on y very ew out oor

app cat ons.

ercury amps conta n mercury an ,

s nce 2006, must t ere ore e s-

pose o y pu c an pr vate wastesposa aut or t es n t e commun t es.

eta a e amps contan mercury an ,

s nce 2006, must t ere ore e spose

o v a pu c an pr vate waste sposaaut or t es n t e commun t es.

odium vapor lamps contain mostly

mercury an t e c em ca e ement

so um w c reacts eav y w t uma r. ere ore, a urne out so um

vapor amps nee to e spose o

pro essona y.

ercury amps eta a e amps odium vapor lamps


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Recycling of products always targets the recovery of as many unmixed materials as possible in

order to save our limited resources and to protect the environment by disposing of pollutants in

an environmental-friendly way.

Various methods have become established for the recycling

of discharge lamps either in a mobile or fixed system. The

a m o t ese met o s s to separate a amp components

Lamp collection takes place either through delivery to municipal

collection stations or, for larger quantities, through pick-up

serv ce o comm ss one waste management companes. ou

can norma y n eta e n ormaton a out waste manage-

ment on the websites of the municipalities. The European

lamp industry has organized the collection and recycling of

used discharge lamps using specific companies for waste

management. ore n ormat on a out t e contractua partners

s ava a e on request rom t e organ zat ons n eac o t e

European countries. Contact addresses of Collection and

Recycling Service Organizations can be found on page 14

of this rochure.

Which recycling methods are available?

What is the benefit of lamp recycling?

nd to reuse the residual materials as much as possible.

lean glass can be used for the production of new lamps;

m xe g ass s use or ot er g ass pro ucts. eta parts

re sent or meta recyc ng an p ast cs are energet ca y

recovered. Phosphors are blown out or washed out and can

e reused for industrial production as well as the separated

mercury content. An impressive example is OSRAMs German

recycling partner DELA (as of January 1, 2012 under the

new name WEEE ervice mbH , who recycles almost all

amp components for new production. For example unmixed

mercury is extracted from distillation or mercury is trans-

formed into mercury sulphide chemically stable cinnabar

y a spec a process eve ope y .

o prevent any danger to humans and the environment, all

amp treatment processes are conducted in vacuum-sealed

ystems and have special waste air purification systems.

e o owng paragrap s escr e to ay s most common

recyc ng met o s.

RECYCLING

So far the ratio between collected fluorescent lamps and other lamp types has been approximately 85 to 15 percent. However, the percentage of energy saving lamps is increasing.

(Photo: Dr. Jrgen Kroll)


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End ut method: This process has been developed for

linear fluorescent lamps and yields maximum recycling rates

feeding up to 90 % of the treated glass directly into the lamp

production.

hredder method:The shredder method allows all types

of discharge lamps to be processed, including broken

lamps and production waste. It is particularly suitable for

lamps with many different forms and different types of glass.

fter separating phosphors, plastics and metals, the

recyc e g ass can e use or pro ucts w t ower pur ty

requirements.

ro en g ass was ng met o : arge vo umes o

unsorted fluorescent lamps as well as broken lamps are

crushed in automatic unit. In a closed loop phosphors

are was e out an mercury s remove y means o

distillation. Then the remaining components are separated

into different materials by means of sifting and the glass is

reused for the production of new lamps.

Centrifugal separation method:This metho allows al l

compact fluorescent lamps and non-linear discharge lamps

to be processed. In a centrifugal separation system lamp

caps, electronic components, metals and plastic materials

are separated from then glass parts. The glass is reused for

the production of glass products, metals are sent for metalrecyc ng an p ast cs are energet ca y recovere .

Product-specific stripping methods: nly lamps of a

s m ar n can e processe us n g t s met o . e

a vantage s t at t e amp u s separate rom t e cap

and mercury is separated from all other lamp components

n t e rst process ng step. e sa vantage compare to

met o s escr e ear er s t at a co ecte amps rst

have to be sorted manually according to their shape and

s ze.

Mercury in this bottle is the yield of approximately 200,000 energy saving lamps.


Washed and crushed material is separated by different sifters and metal separators.


Linear fluorescent lamps delivered on pallets are fed directly into the broken glass

washing unit without further pre-treatment. (Photo: Dr. Jrgen Kroll)


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he unmixed extraction of lamp components such as glass

or metal by means of modern recycling processes reduces

the resulting residual waste by 95 %. Nevertheless it is

wort w e to eep mprov ng recyc ng met o s n or er

to re uce t e reman ng waste mater a even urt er.

In the recent past the discussion about raw materials

roug t attent on to a group o meta s, t e so-ca e rare

eart meta s. ese e ements are use wor w e n

e ectron c pro ucts suc as permanent magnets n e ectr c

or hybrid vehicles, rechargeable batteries, mobile phones,

at screens and also discharge lamps. The predominant

s are o p osp ors an a so t e g t o meta a e amps

are generate y rare eart meta s.

he demand for these chemical elements is continuously

increasing, resources are limited, the extraction is becoming

more expens ve an pr ces ave ncrease ramat ca y.

ere ore, t ma es sense to recyce t ese meta s an reuse

t em ncreas ngy as secon ary raw mater a .

rocesses to extract rare eart meta s rom p osp ors o

a rea y ex st. t present, companes are nvest ng even more

n researc an eve opment to urt er mprove recyc ng

met o s.

RECYCLING

Rare earths are needed to produce phosphors for fluorescent and compact

fluorescent lamps.

Red

Eu, Y

Blue

Eu Green

Ce, La, Tb

White

LightEu

Eu

Y

TBCe

La

What happens to the components?


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13

ost energy sav ng amps conta n a sma amount o mercury

(between 1.5 and 5 mg depending on the lamp type) which

must be professionally extracted by means of recycling. The

on y t me a consumer may e expose to mercury s t e

glass of the lamp is cracked or broken.

t s appens, t e o owng rues ep to excu e t e

ex osure:

a e sure to sconnect t e amp or um na re rom any

electric power

Open the windows and leave the room for 10 to 15

m nutes

Thoroughly sweep the surface to collect all lamp parts ter vent at on, gat er t e rema n ng sma p eces w t

a sposa e c o t or a es v e tape.

hen using a vacuum cleaner (e. g. for carpets make

sure to mme ate y remove t e ag

Collect the lamp pieces in a sealed bag or container and

ring it to the next collection point for waste lamps. If you

ave to store t n t e meant me, p ease o so out oors.

Handling broken lamps.RAM: Responsible use of mercury.

The majority of RAM energy-saving

amps conta n no more t an .5 m grams

o mercurywt a vo ume o ess t an

. mm3 s amount wou cover t e t p

o a a po nt pen

e amount o mercury conta ne n ust

one o -sty e me ca t ermometer wou

e enoug or to 1 energy-sav ng

amps.

RAM used advanced os ng tec n ques

to re uce t e mercury nee e n t e manu-

acture o amps to an a so ute m n mum

at a recyc ng center. RAM was greatly

nvove n settng up a unct on ng system

or co ect ng an recyc ng t e amps.

nergy-savng amps e p preven mercury

e ng re ease nto t e atmosp ere

esp te t e act t at t ey t emse ves conta n

mercury. s s ecause cons era y more

mercury s re ease y coa - re power

stat ons t an s use n energy-sav ng amps.

n ecause energy-sav ng g t uses ess

e ectr c ty, ess coa as to e urne an

t ere ore ess mercury n s ts way nto t e

env ronment.


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14

To ensure environment-friendly collection and recycling of discharge lamps the lighting industry in the

member states of the European Union has founded the following agencies organising the collection and

transportation of spent lamps for their partners.

Where can I find further information?

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Code Country Agency Link

Austria UFH www.ufh.at

BE Belgium LightRec (Recupel) www.recupel.be

CH Switzerland Stiftung Licht Recycling Schweiz (SLRS) www.slrs.ch

CZ Czech Republic Ekolamp www.ekolamp.cz

DE Germany Lightcycle Retourlogistik und Service GmbH www.lightcycle.de

DK Denmark Lyskildebranches WEEE Forening (LWF) www.LWF.nu

EE Estonia Ekogaisma SIA www.ekogaisma.ee

ES Spain Ambilamp www.ambi lamp.com

FI Finland FLIP www.flip.fi

FR France Rcylum www.recylum.fr

GB United Kingdom Recolight Limited www.recolight.uk

GR Greece Appliances Recycling S.A. www.electrocycle.gr

ungary Electro- oord Kht. www.electro-coord.hu

Irelan Recolight Ireland www.weeeireland.ie

Italy Ecolamp www.ecolamp.i

Lithuania pa www.epa.

LU Luxembourg Ecotrel asbl www.ecotrel.org

LV Latvia Ekogaisma SIA www.ekogaisma.lv

NL Netherlands Lightrec www.lightrec.nl

NO Norway El-Retur www.elretur.no

PL Poland ElektroEko www.elektroeko.pl

PT Portugal Amb3E www.amb3e.pt

RO Romania Asociatia Recolamp www.recolamp.ro

SE Sweden El-Kretsen i Sverige AB www.el-kretsen.se

SI Slovenia Ekosij Zeos www.zeos.si

SK Slovakia Ekolamp www.ekolamp.sk


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15

A itional contacts for more information

www.osram.com/global-care

www.lightcycle.com

Detailed information about the European WEEE directive, RoH and REA H

can e oun un er:European ommission: www.ec.europa.eu environment

RoH compliance through the European Union: www.rohs.eu

Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA): www.baua.de

EL The European Lamp ompanies Federation

www.e c e .org

www.ce ma.org

c t. e

www.licht. e

entra ver an e trotec n un e tro n ustr e e. .

www.zve .com

www.zvei.org en homepage


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PAF

CPM

Subjecttochangewithoutnotice

.Errorsandomissionexcepted

462W001

GB03

/12V

OOSRAM

CC&

IR

OSRAM AG

Head Office

Hellabrunner Strasse 1

81543 Munich

Germany

Phone +49 (0) 89-6213-0

Fax +49 (0) 89-6213-20 20

www.osram.com

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