ebsilon basis abb indialearn about power plant modeling using ebsilon

Bangalore

06.07-08.07.2013

Dr. Florian Dauber

STEAG Energy Services Germany

Special Training

EBSILONfi Professional

for ABB

6th 08 th March 2013 Training Seminar EbsilonfiProfessional 2


References EBSILON fi Professional

- more than 150 industrial customers from more than 20 coun tries

- more than 20 universities / research institutes

- more than 45 Online-Systems in 28 power plants


EBSILON Features

User friendliness by intuitive handling (100 % Windows compliant) No programming skills required Graphical objects for components and pipes (component library)

Complete observance of physical laws No restrictions regarding variety and size of the model Easy expandability of existing models

Design and part load calculation possible

Extension by self-defined components (Macros) possible Large number of fluids considered (water/steam, air, fluegas, coals, oils, gases,

refrigerants, seawater, mixtures, self-defined fluids)

Fast diagnosis of topology- and specification errors Multilingual User Interface (German, English, French, Spanish, Turkish, Chinese) different Unit Systems (SI, BTU + other units)

EBSILON fi Professional is a tool for the simulation of all kinds of thermal power plants (fossile, nuclear, CSP, CHP, ORC, refri geration)


Overview of training objectives

Global objective: learn about power plant modeling using EBSILON Single steps: learn how to

- Build the geometry / topology of the power plant by drag and dropo Windows look and feelo Tools to put the necessary information into a nice formo Understand what happens behind the screen when you build the model

- Make the model run free of errors/warningso Learn about the error messageso Learn about typical pitfalls in modelingo Learn how to influence the model by the numerous parameters (specification

values or spec. values)o Learn about design and part load calculation

- Make the results fit operational data, water / steam cycle schemes or any other data set as good as necessary.

- Learn about methods and tools for component identification


Training methods

Learning by Doing For the next sessions this will be

- Installation of software if not already done or if difficulties encountered- Build simple power plant- Experience the model behavior by some simple parame ter studies:

Error analysis Design and part load calculation Try fixed pressure and sliding pressure operation

- Experience the behavior of important components in case studies Turbine Condenser Preheater Heat exchanger

- Experience the power of control components Calculate steam flow required for given power outpu t Add combustion and simple flue gas path

6th 08 th March 2013 Training Seminar EbsilonfiProfessional 7Seite 7

Basic ConceptsEBSILON Calculation

What is the meaning of components and pipes in EBSILON ?



Variables: pl, hl, ml on all lines (optional: ncvl, xi,l)

Equations: components define the relations fk (pl, hl, ml) between the lines

Non-linear set of equations

Model

Iterative Matrix Solution

Result pl, hl, ml



Variables: pl, hl, ml on all lines

Equations: components define the relations fk (pl, hl, ml) between the lines depending on spec values

Non-linear setof equations

Model

Iterative Matrix Solution

Result pl, hl, ml

Spec Values

ComponentResults



What is the meaning of components and pipes in EBSILON ?


Furnace

Steam generator

Turbine

Condenser

Generator

Cooling tower

Feed water tank

Compressor

Heat exchanger

Motor + Pump

Valve

Splitter

Pipe loss

Mixer

The most important components


Air

Flue gas

Oil

Gas

Coal / Ash

Electrical

Shaft

Logical

Ref.Val.

Act.Val.

Water (fluid)

Cooling water

Heating water

Steam

High press.Steam

Med. press.Steam

Low press.Steam

Types of pipe lines (Fluids)

Types of Pipelines


EBSILON-GUI

Menu bar

Modelling work space

Tool bars


Component inlet / outlet

Specific inlet and outlet connections

Outlet:

Black pin

Inlet:

White pin


Exercise 1

Create the topology of a simple power cycle

Components to be used:

- Steam generator (5)- Steam turbine (6)- Generator (11)- Condenser (7)- Cooling water pump (8)- Feed water pump (8)


Navigation in model

Navigation with mouse

Right click selection zoom on selection

Contr. + Scroll zoom in / out

Shift + Scroll horizontal movement

Alt + Scroll vertical movement

Zoom Level Enlarge

Scale on model

Center on selection

Scale down

Enlarge modelling work space


Specification of values on pipes

Comp. 1: P, M, H, Composition (fluid entering circuit)

Comp. 33: P, M, H, Composition (fluid in circuit)

Comp. 46: single value input

or inside components


Exercise 2

Live steam:pressure: 200 bartemperature: 540 CMassflow: 120 kg/s

Condenser pressure: 40 mbar

Cooling water temperature: 20C

Please parametrise your circuit!


Exercise 3

Simulate your circuit: Simulate-Button

Analyze and eliminate errors!

(Hint: Overdeterminations first)

Analyze and eliminate warnings!

(Hint: Comp. 80 solves uncritical overdeterminations) Scroll through errors


Convergence

Ebsilon uses an iterative algorithm

Basic parameters for iteration under

Tools Model settings Simulation Iteration

The simulation is terminated when the required degree of convergence (precision) is achieved or the maximum permissible number of iterations is reached or the maximum

permissible calculation period is exceeded.

Only if the required degree of convergence is achieved will the results meet the

requirements.


Results I

After the simulation youll find the results in the

pipes and the components properties menu

The units of single valuescan be changed here


Results II, Value crosses

Value crosses can be connected to any

component or pipe and display their spec.-and result values on the modelling work space

In order to create a value cross:

Click on the value-cross-button

Click on a pipe or component and move the

cursor to resize the value cross while keeping the

left mouse button pushed

The units are derived from the pipe or component


Results III, Tool-Tips

Placing the cursor above an object makes a tool tip window pop up which showscertain spec. and result values

You can customize the tool tips in the following menuExtras General options User interface Display Tool-Tips


Decimal digits

Each value can be displayed with an specific amount of decimal digits

Extras General options User interface Display Precision


Units

Can be specified for each value within the component or pipe

Can be globally specified:

Extras General options User interface Internation settings Unit system

From Component (standard): Unit is defined in component

SI-/UK-Units: All objects use this unit system

User defined: changes are globally but exceptions can be defined in component


Exercise 4

Add value crosses for

Live steam parameters

Exhaust steam (steam quality in % instead of temperature)

Turbine efficiency (in %)

Generator power

Display all power values in MW

Display all pressures with

one decimal digit

Display the live steam pressure in bar

and the exhaust steam pressure in mbar


Display Options

Various display options are available and allow to adjust the model user

interface to all requirements.

A couple of options:

Select shapes

User-defined display of components

Flip/rotate components

Show/hide objects

Change primary color / insert a secondary color

Undercut

Arrows / circles

Images

Graphical objects


Alternative Display of Components

Many objects are available in various shapes.

Selection via properties window View

Standard display can be replaced by images.

All objects can be enlarged/reduced/rotated/flipped. Colors can be adjusted at will.


Alternative Display of Components II

In the properties window:RotateFlipChange shapeDisplay image

In the properties bar

Change line widthChange color


Profiles

Every Ebsilon model can contain any number of profiles.Each profile has the same topology.

Each profile can contain profile specific values (input and result values).

enables calculations with various input valuesInput values are passed on from parent to child profiles (sub profiles).

Inherited values are displayed in gray font.

Reset to parent profile values with Ctrl+D.


Profiles II

Navigation between profiles: Profile bar Profile managerIn each object properties window


Design/Off-Design

Design mode (Full load) Design equations are used

These equations are based exclusively on black values (e.g.

terminal temperature differences)

Characteristic lines and adaptational polynomials are not used

As a result of the design calculation, the blue part load

reference values are calculated (e.g. KAN)

Design/Off-Design flag

Off-Design mode (Part load) On the basis of physical equations

By way of characteristic lines

By way of user-defined polynomials

Always based on the nominal values!

(Blue values)


Design/Off-Design II

Off-design calculation on the basis of physical equations, example: throttle valve(Component 2)In design: DP equals DP12RN (design case)

Calculation of M1N and V1N in Design

In Off-Design:

=


Design/Off-Design III

Off-design calculation on the basis of characteristic lines, example: pump (Component 8)

In design: ETAI constantly equals ETAIN (design case)

Calculation of M1NIn off-design: ETAI calculated from characteristic line, normalized to design condition


Design/Off-Design IV

The characteristic line is normalized (in relation to the design condition)

73

75

77

79

81

80 100 120 140

M1 [kg/s]

ET

AI [

%]

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

0.6 0.8 1 1.2

M1/M1N

ET

AI/E

TA

IN

=

NM

Mf

ETAINETAI

1

1


Design/Off-Design V

Off-design calculation on the basis of adaptational polynomial, example: turbine(Component 7).

In design: ETAI equals ETAIN (design case)

Calculation of M1N

In off-design: the result of any desired mathematical formula is used to determine the efficiency. The exact use of the adaptational polynomial can be selected, e.g. ETAI=Polynomial*ETAIN

The following input variables can be used in the polynomial:

All line values at all pins, e.g. T1, P2, Q2, H4

Any imaginable values via indexed variables using comp. value indicator 45


Exercise 5

Please carry out the following calculations, each in a profile of

its own.

A 100% design calculation

A 100% off-design calculation

An 80% off-design calculation

An 80% design calculation

What is the difference between the last two calculatio ns?


Control Elements

In addition to the physical components (pumps, turbines, heatexchangers), Ebsilon also uses numerous logic element s. The most important ones are:

Controllers (Components 12, 39, and 69)

Signal transmitter (Component 36)

Calculation modules (Component 77)

Value indicators (Component 45)


Controllers

A controller changes a specification value in order to achievea certain result value.

Actual valueis compared to

a reference value.actuating variable is adjusted.


Signal Transmitter

The signal transmitter transmits a line value from one line to another. In doing so, it can also adjust the input variable and the outputvariable by means of characteristic lines, factors, or polynomials.


Calculator

The calculator (Component 66) carries out any mathematical operation.

It can directly capture values from up to two lines and use any valuesavailable in the model via index variables. (see adaptational polynomial)


Cycle Efficiency Meter

The cycle efficiency meter (Component 32) carries out an useful power/ expenditure-calculation and displays the result.

The two values are captured via logic lines.


Value indicator

The value indicator (Component 45) reads values from a line and makes

them available as indexed variable for all adaptation polynomials.

Please note: Do not confuse with Component 46 (measured value input)

Component 45 Component 46

(in validation mode)


Logic Lines

Logic lines can be connected to all types of lines in order to capture or to set

values. However, they cannot be connected to pins of other line types!


Exercise 6

Please add a controller to the model in order to adjust the generator output to 200 MW. Use the controller with internal start value specification (Component39).

Generate three sub-profiles for the three setpoint values of the generatoroutputs 150, 120, and 90 MW.

Change a couple of specification values of the controller (damping, start of the controller) and monitor the convergence diagram.


Exercise 7

Please calculate the cycle efficiency (gross).

Please use the cycle efficiency meter (Component 32) to do so.


Exercise 8

Now please also calculate the net cycle efficiency. To do so, please insert electricmotors for the pumps and subtract the pump output from t he generator output.

Please use the power summarizer (Component 31) and the difference meter(Component 30) for this.


Text Fields

Text fields can be used to display texts in the model user interface.

Text fields can use all object values from the model and set them off against each other.

Formulae to be evaluated have to be in { }

All object values can be accessed via the component name and the value indicator, e.g. Water.T for the temperature of the line Water.

Object values are always displayed in the Ebsilon standard unit and thus may have to beconverted manually.

The formula output can be formatted by specifying a format string.

;%x.yf x-digits total; y-decimal digits; f- for floating point


Exercise 9

Please display gross and net efficiency in a text field.


Please conduct parameter studies in three sub-profiles in off-design conditions.

Please monitor how the efficiency changes.

Cooling water temperatures: T = 15, 25, 30 C

Exercise 10


Hiding

Objects can be hidden in order to increase the clarity of the display.For components, you uncheck Component is visible in the View window. For lines, you change the value Visibility to Displ ay nothing in the windowGeneral.If you have selected several objects at the same time, you can uncheck the option Object is visible in the multi-selection-prop erties window.By clicking on the Display everything-button, hidde n objects will be displayedagain, too.


Selection Filter

You can filter which objects you can select. If you do not select all, you can comfortably select individual groups of

objects at the same time.


Exercise 11

Please hide all logic lines.

Please hide the controller, too.

Please color the steam line light blue instead of red.


Alternative Display of Lines

The clarity of the model can be increased by changing the displayof the lines.

Changing the color Introducing a secondary color Changing the thickness Adjusting the arrangement of

the lines Hiding individual line segments Displaying arrows Displaying circles


Alternative Display of Lines II

The arrangement of the lines can beadjusted at will:

After selecting a line, all points canbe dragged holding down the leftmouse key.

After right-clicking on a line, the following options are available in the context menu:

Via the properties bar, the linethickness and line color can bechanged.


Exercise 12

Please give the cooling water pipe a secondary color.

Use the circle on pipe and the toggle function to make a n intermediate peace of the pipe disappear.


Exercise 13

Please insert a furnace including air pre-heater.

To do so, please use the combustion chamber(Component 21) and the air pre-heater(Component 25).

Please adjust the fuel mass flow in such a way thatthe effective output of the boiler (water-steam side) is achieved.

Please use the controller with externalsetpoint value (Component 12) for this.

Subsequently, please calculate the unit efficiency.

Choose any fuel at will. T flue gas behind boiler: 350CLambda: 1.25Air pre-heater, upper terminaltemperature difference 60KAir temperature 20CHumidity of the air: 60%


Component Identification

Identification means the determination of characteri stic quantities

that describe the component behavior, based on measured values /

design specifications.

In the design case, these quantities have to be specified directly (e.g.

ETAIN).

For the identification, the components are switched over in order to

calculate characteristic quantities from corresponding input values.


Component Identification II, Nominal Values

Design / Off design Identification mode

The result of the design identification has to be copied as nominal value manually.


Component Identification IIIOff-Design Identification

The off-design behaviour is mostly determined by characteristic lines thathave the form Y/YN=f(X/XN). E.g. ETAI/ETAIN=f(M1/M1N)

During identification, the points XN and YN are determined in the designpoint.

For determining the characteristic line, an identification calculation is carried out in sub-profiles for various load points.

The component characteristic relative to the nominal values is availableas result value


Component Identification IVOff-Design Identification

ETAI/ETAIN=f(M1/M1N)


Value Table

All values (specification values and result values) from all profiles can beviewed and changed from the value table.

All components/lines of a type/ All values/ One profile

All components/lines of a type/ One value/ All profiles

One component/one line/ All values/ All profiles


Exercise 14

Please carry out an identification of the turbine. P lease determine both the designvalues and a characteristic line in order to define the off-design behavior.

To do so, please use the following values.

31.371.960

32.989.772

34.6107.084

36.4124.596

38.2141.9108

40.1158.3120

42.4171.6132

mbarMWkg/s

Condenser pressureGenerator outputLive steam mass flow


Standard Excel export :

Predefined layout. Is used for writing specification values of components(selection of components via flag list or entry in the component) into the Workbook. It is also possible to import values from the Workbook into othercomponents.

1 sheet per component

Component selection percomponent or according

to type

Excel Export/Import


Exercise 15

Please use the standard Excel interface to change the characteristic lines of the turbine.

(A hint: Please give your components meaningful, i.e. selfexplaining names when using EbsScript or Excel Import.)


User Excel Import : user-defined layout. It is used to e.g. import profile-

dependent values into different profiles.

Excel file required as Template, allocation via name s of lines and

columns

Type A: Selected values in different profiles

Type B: Overview of components of one type

Formatting line: Definition of the display via first line

Excel Export/Import


Name definition of lines and columns required

Insert Names Define

Columns contain profile information (P_Profile name)

In addition, a column X_UNIT has to be defined, into which the units of the different quantities will be entered automatically later.

Lines contain the information to be imported and read out, respectively(S_Component name.Variable, e.g. S_Water line.T)

Excel Export/Import Type A


Contains information of the current profile for component groups of the samecomponent type or beginning of the name

Name definition of lines and columns required

Insert Names Define

Line definition as C_Component type (number) or beginning of the name or D_n for all lines of a line type (n: 1=air, 2=flue gas, etc.)

The components are written one below the other, line by line.

The output values can be specified in the columns

Component name: N_NAME

Specification value: V_T1N

Unit of the specification value: U_T1N

Adjacent line: L_2.V_T / L_2.U_T (Temperature at line 2 and unit)

Excel Export/Import Type B


Information on any data for all profiles

No name definition of lines and columns required

Is defined via the first line

Component name.Variable

The name is sufficient for the measured value, the result value is output.

Units can deviate from the units in the model.

Excel Export/Import Formatting Line


Exercise 16

Please generate the following topology.

Carry out a simulation in design mode and part load sim ulation for live steammass flows of 200, 180, 160, 140, 120 kg/s in subprof iles


Exercise 17a

Please import the temperature values at the extraction A1 into various profiles using Excel (To do so, use

the template of type A EbsIdentInputData.xls ) in order to identify the turbines characteristic.Hint: pay attention to the profiles names

Notice that it is necessary to set the turbine stage to identification mode (H2 given).

Copy the identified characteristic into design profile and perform an off design calculation using it.


EbsScript

Purpose: Automatization of Ebsilon calculations within Ebsilon No modifications to the topology Read and write access to all data of the model Based on PASCAL language with a lot of extensions EbsScript editor EbsScript debugger 6 levels where EbsScript can be used

Main EbsScripts (e.g., parameter variation) Macro EbsScripts (operations before and after the simulation) Kernel Scripting (own components, within the simulation) Kernel Expression (evaluated within the simulation) Text fields Specification value expressions (evaluated before the simulation)(The last two topics can use EbsScript even without an EbsScript license)


ExerciseEbsScript

Write an EbsScript that asksthe user to insert a freshsteam mass flow and calculates the correspondingpower

Assign this EbsScript to a button


Exercise 17b

268320200

120

140

160

180

M life steam[kg/s]

328

326

324

322

T HP Turbine Outlet [C]

150

180

210

240

Generator power [MW]

Adapt the HP and the last stage of the LP turbine to match the following data, use the Excel formatting line to import the data into the circuit:

Export the characteristics to Excel and copy them into the turbines in designprofile. Create an off design profile and perform some calculations.


Diagram Diagram typestypes in Ebsilonin Ebsilon

H,s-diagrams T,s-diagrams log p,H-diagrams Q,T-diagrams Cooling tower diagram General X,Y-diagram

(via Excel)

Display in Diagrams


T-s - Diagram


h-s-Diagram (Mollier-Diagram)


Log(p) - h - Diagram


XY-diagram (Tools Diagrams ):

Please create an X/Y-diagram that represents

the generator output, and

the condensor pressure

as a function of the feed water mass flow use the data of all profiles.

Exercise 18a


Exercise 19

Please generate an h-s-diagram of the turbine expansio n.

Please change the nominal isentropic efficiency of the last stage of the low-pressure turbine to 70% in a new design sub profile and show itsexpansion in the h-s-diagram.

Please create a Q-T-diagram of the high pressure pre-h eaterconfiguration.


Fluid properties calculator

Contains equations of state of various fluid

properties of all working fluids available in

EBSILON:

water / steam tables, air / flue gas table,

thermo liquids etc.

The fluid parameters can be read directly from

pipe or can be entered manually

ebsilon basis abb indialearn about power plant modeling using ebsilon

Documents

training methods

power of control components

simple power plant

power plants6th

power plant modeling

meaning of components

model behavior

power outpu t