What Is Parkinson’s Disease?

什么是帕金森氏症？

請聯絡帕金森基金會，英語或西班牙語1-800-4PD-INFO (473-4636)，或上網www.parkinson.org。

帕金森基金會

更好的生活。一起。

帕金森氏症是一種漸進性的大腦功能障礙，它有不同的症狀，但通常是在運動

功能受到影響。

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive brain disorder. It has diverse

symptoms but is usually recognized by its effect on movement.

誰得了帕金森病？Who gets Parkinson’s Disease?

帕金森氏症的平均发病年龄在60岁左右。早期发病（50岁以下）的患者有15%。

全球大约有4-6百万人患有帕金森氏症。

The average age of Parkinson's disease is about 60 years old.

About 15% of those diagnosed are under 50 years of age, called Young-

Onset PD (YOPD).

About 4- 6 million people worldwide have Parkinson’s disease.

大腦黑質區神經細胞產生的多巴胺，用来帮助细胞传送脉冲而控制肌肉能力。

Dopamine is a chemical produced by the

substantia nigra nerve cells in the brain. It’s an

important neurotransmitter that helps to control

muscle movement.

什么是帕金森氏症？What Is Parkinson’s Disease?

帕金森氏症 早期运动症状是由于中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元的变性死亡引起的。

PD motor symptoms are caused by the degeneration of

dopamine-producing neurons in the midbrain area, the

substantia nigra.

什么是帕金森氏症？What Is Parkinson’s Disease?

什么是帕金森氏症？What Is Parkinson’s Disease?

Motor Symptoms

Stiffness/ Slowness

Resting tremor

Gait changes

Falling and freezing

Changes in writing

Changes in speech

Non-Motor Symptoms

Mood changes

Changes in cognition

Changes to sleep

Loss of smell

Lightheadedness

Constipation

機動性疾病

僵硬、行動緩慢靜止性震顫走路方式改變跌倒、僵凍書寫方ˋ改變講話模式改變

其他症狀

情緒改變思考方式改變睡眠模式改變

失去味覺頭昏眼花

便祕

早期症狀 Early Symptoms運動緩慢 Slow movement (bradykinesia) 靜止震顫 Resting tremors (one or two sides)

肌肉僵硬 Stiff muscles (rigidity)

後期症狀 Later Symptoms 平衡問題及跌倒 Balance issues and falls 言語和吞嚥困難 Speech and swallowing difficulties

更進一步了解機動性症狀 A closer look at motor symptoms

运动迟缓 Slowed Movement (Bradykinesia)

运动迟缓会影响例如走路，吃饭穿衣和睡觉转身等日常生活。Bradykinesia can affect everyday

activities like walking, eating,

dressing, and turning over in bed.

病状会花费你两倍甚至三倍的时间来完成这些日常任务。It may take 2- 3 times as long to

perform tasks.

運動遲緩是帕金森氏症確診的依據Bradykinesia is required for a

diagnosis of Parkinson’s.

静止性震颤 Tremor or Shaking

有些帕金森病人没有震颤症状。有震颤不代表一定是患有帕金森氏症。

Not everyone with PD has a tremor. Having a tremor does not

necessarily mean one has PD.

超過75%的帕金森式患 者有這個症狀，通常從身體的單側開始。

About 75% of people with PD have a tremor, which usually

starts in one side of the body.

肌僵硬 Stiffness/ Rigidity

帕金森式患者的肌肉無法正常放鬆，僵化會造成關節疼痛及肌肉痠痛。Muscles can fail to relax normally in PD, causing joint pain and muscle soreness.

硬化雖然普遍，但通常不是患者主要的困擾。Rigidity and stiffness are

common but usually not the

main complaint of PD

patients.

活動狀況會變慢、變小及變少Everyday Movements Become Slower, Smaller and Fewer

• Low voice volume or muffled speech

• Decreased automatic reflexes such

as blinking and swallowing

• “Poker face” or masked face: the

face becomes less expressive

• Difficulty getting up from a chair or

turning in bed

• Changes in coordination

• Small, cramped handwriting

• Back and forth movements (such

as when brushing teeth)

• 音量變小 或說話有被摀住的感覺

• 身體反射動作減少，如眨眼及吞嚥

• 撲克牌表情/面具臉： 表情變少

• 從椅子上起身或在床上翻身的動變

得困難

• 身體協調上的改變

• 書寫變得狹窄細小、扭曲

• 前後性動作，如刷牙

姿勢步態改變 Postural and Gait Changes

姿態改變一般是随着病情退化而出现的，确诊初期一般不明显。Gait changes

may not be apparent at first, but may

appear as the disease progresses.

走路不稳定会导致跌倒，因此导致受伤。Instability can lead to falls,

causing injury.

步行及平衡的變化 Changes in Walking and Balance

跌倒的因素 Many factors contribute to falls:

• 拖步行走 Shuffling

• 姿態改變 Altered posture

• 步態凍結 Gait freezing

• 低血壓 Low blood pressure

• 缺少體力 Low energy

隨著病情加劇，跌倒的風險亦增加。通常在病發的頭幾年，跌倒不是最大的隱憂。

The risk of falling increases as the disease progresses. Usually in the first few years

after diagnoses, falls are not the main complaint for PD patients.

不同階段的帕金森氏症Stages of PD: Hoehn and Yahr Scale (Motor)

單側影響 Unilateral involvement only

雙側影響 Bilateral involvement

對平衡沒有損害 Without impairment of balance

輕度至中度雙側影響 Mild to moderate bilateral involvement

有些姿勢不穩定但可獨立活動；需要協助完成拉力測試 Some postural instability but

physically independent; needs assistance to recover from pull test

嚴重無力；依舊可以不須協助地走路或站立 Severe disability; still able to walk or stand

unassisted

坐輪椅或臥床不起 ; 除非有輔助 Wheelchair bound or bedridden, unless aided

非运动症状严重影响帕金森氏症A closer look at non-motor symptoms

帕金森氏症会影响病人的日常生活质量有：PD can affect

quality of life

身体功能 Physical function

性功能 Sexual function

无力/疲乏 Energy/ fatigue

饮食 Eating

睡觉/休息 Sleep/ rest

语言交流 Communication

识知能力 Cognitive function

健康问题带来的压力General health problems

自我形象 Self image

精神/情绪健康 Mental/ emotional health

社交能力 Social function

情緒上的改變 Mood Changes

憂鬱：感覺沮喪、情緒低落，有可能是暫時的Depression: Feeling sad, or blue. It may be temporary or long-lasting.

焦慮：擔心或緊張Anxiety: Worrying or feeling nervous constantly about many things or nothing in particular.

喪失興趣：對事情都提不起勁(不一定與沮喪或自信

不足相關)；可能對抗憂鬱藥物反應不佳。Apathy: A loss of initiative is not necessarily associated with sadness or low self esteem; may not respond well to antidepressants.

最少有五成的帕金森氏患者曾感到憂慮At least 50% of all people with Parkinson’s experience depression*

帕金森氏症影響調查研究中顯示*Findings from the Parkinson’s Outcomes Project

憂慮與焦慮會影響患者生活的生活品質。

Taken together, depression and anxiety

have the greatestimpact on people’s

quality of life.

39%

憂慮

睡眠失調 Sleep Disorders

睡眠期行為障礙 REM sleep behavior disorder

• 夢中踢喊 Acting out dreams (shouting, kicking)

• 可能在患機動性症狀之前就已經有睡眠失調 May precede motor

symptoms by many years

失眠症 Insomnia

• 入睡困難或難以維持睡眠狀態 Trouble falling or staying asleep

• 導因於機動性症狀的不適或大腦內睡眠電路改變 Due to discomfort

from motor symptoms or underlying changes in sleep circuitry in the brain

日間過多的睡眠 Excessive daytime sleepiness

• 帕金森氏症患者普遍有阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症 Obstructive sleep apnea is more

common in PD

• 如有需要應進一步檢查 Sleep study may be necessary to further investigate

• 部分治療機動性症狀的藥物會引致失眠。Meds for motor symptoms can cause sleepiness

思想及記憶改變 Thinking and Memory Changes

早期改變•思考緩慢•完成多項工作、解決問題有困難•思考路線迷失

後期改變•重複發問 並 需要經常提醒•完成簡單的工作出現困難•尋找適當字彙出現困難•迷失

Early Changes

•Slower thinking •Difficulty with multi-tasking, problem solving, finishing tasks •Losing train of thought

Later Changes

•Repeating questions and reminders •Difficulty with simple tasks •Word-finding difficulty •Getting lost

行為改變 Behavior Changes

幻覺與妄想是帕金森氏症的併發症。也可能因為治療機動症狀的藥物而誘發或惡化。Hallucinations and delusions can be complications

of Parkinson’s and can be brought on or worsened by medications for motor

symptoms.

罹患幻覺與妄想的風險會隨著病情進展而增加。 Risk for these

symptoms increases with disease progression.

如果發生幻覺或妄想，你一定要告知醫師，即使這些症狀沒有困擾你。

It is important to report any hallucinations or delusions to your

medical team, even if they are not bothersome to you.

帕金森氏症可能引發一連串似乎不相關的問題PD Can Cause a Range of Seemingly Unrelated Issues

•便祕•多汗•失去嗅覺•低血壓 / 暈眩(直立性低血壓) •性關係•尿急 或 頻尿•體重減輕或增加

•Constipation

•Excessive sweating

•Loss of sense of smell

•Low blood pressure/ dizziness

(orthostatic hypotension)

•Sexual problems

•Urinary urgency and frequency

•Weight loss or gain

千萬不要覺得尷尬與醫師討論任何困擾你的事。是有方法可以幫忙的。 Don’t be embarrassed to talk to your doctor about

anything that bothers you. There are often ways to help!

• 需要多次回诊寻医来判断诊断。It can take

multiple visits to the doctor to get a diagnosis.

帕金森氏症的诊断 Diagnosing PD

• 确诊需经过帕金森氏症的神经内科专家鉴定。A neurologist with specialized training in movement disorders

is the best type of doctor to diagnose PD.

• 專長在診斷帕金森氏症的神經科醫師稱作運動紊亂神經科醫師 。 Neurologists who specialize in

Parkinson’s are called Movement Disorder Neurologists/ Specialists.

視頻 :什麼是行動障礙治療專家?為何需要看行動障礙專科醫師?

Videos : What is a Movement Disorder Specialist? Why See a Movement Disorder Specialist?

• 神經科醫師會觀察你的動作、並透過問診來觀察是否出現以下:Neurologists will watch you move and take your complete history, looking for:

• 動作/ 機動性症狀 Motor symptoms and signs

• 病程進展變化 Gradual and progressive course

•與帕金森氏症相仿的指標要素 Indications that it might be a condition that mimics PD

• 神經科醫師會仰賴實驗室檢查與影像測試來消除其他的可能性Neurologists rely on lab and imaging tests to eliminate other possible causes of your symptoms.

• 医生确诊病人是否患有帕金森氏症只需根据临床症状及体征，甚至无需化验报告。Doctors diagnose PD primarily with a physical exam.

• 只有血液检查和x光诊断是无法确诊。You don’t need a blood test or an X-ray

to diagnose PD.

帕金森氏症的诊断 Diagnosing PD

药物治疗 Management with medications

辅助治疗 Therapy

物理治疗 Physical Therapy

職能治療 Occupational Therapy

语言治疗 Speech Therapy

运动 Exercise

手术治疗 Surgical Treatment

深脑层电刺激 DBS/ Duopa

社会帮助 Social Support

饮食 Diet

帕金森氏症治疗 Options to Manage Parkinson’s

帕金森氏症治療 Parkinson’s Treatment

Parkinson’s therapy centers around replacing lost

dopamine, but can be complex and is tailored to each

person’s symptoms and needs.

帕金森氏症的治療主要是圍繞在填補失去的多巴胺，但亦可是複雜的；治療方式會針對每個患者不同的症狀與需要。

運動 Exercise

研究顯示運動可幫助大腦對抗帕金森氏症。Research shows that exercise helps your brain fight Parkinson’s.

沒有特定哪種運動，所有運動都可以幫助帕金森氏症。快開始運

動吧 !There is no one exercise that helps Parkinson’s. All exercise helps. Get moving!

做一些你從未做過的事情來強迫大腦學習。Doing something you’ve never done before forces your brain to learn.

有氧運動可以幫助你達到最好的效果。Include aerobic exercise that makes you out of breath for the best benefit.

三個支柱 Three Pillars of Engagement

神經學醫師與 臨床醫療團隊Expert neurologist and clinical team

社區參與與支持Community engagement and support

運動與自我照護Exercise and self-care

总结 In Conclusion

帕金森氏症并不能控制你。Parkinson’s does not have to control you.

计划怎样跟病症抗争，寻找哪些帮助，不要独自一人面对！Plan how you’re

going to fight PD, and who’s going to help you – don’t go it alone!

自己负责自己的健康：基本上怎样管理你的症状都是由你来决定，不是你的医生。You are in charge of your own care: Most of the daily management of

PD will be done by you.

积极参与研究治疗方案。Participate in research.

充实你自己！了解帕金森，明白如何 照顾，然后帮助其他需要帮助的病人。Empower yourself! Learn about PD, understand your care, and help others.

我们在这里会帮助你。We are here to help you.

帕金森基金會 About the Parkinson’s Foundation

我們自1957開始就一直致力於改善帕金森氏症的治療，希望能透過科學研究、社區教育來幫助帕金森氏患者。Since 1957 the foundation has advanced our mission to improve the lives of people with Parkinson’s through research, education and empowerment.

請聯絡帕金森基金會，英語或西班牙語 1-800-4PD-INFO (473-

4636)，或上網 www.parkinson.org。

普通话: www.parkinson.org/mandarin