eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?
DESCRIPTION
Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?. Isabel Neumann, Thomas Franke, Franziska Bühler, Peter Cocron , and Josef F.Krems 06.06.2014. EV user research at TU Chemnitz. EV research topics dealing with… … low noise emission - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?
Isabel Neumann, Thomas Franke, Franziska Bühler, Peter Cocron, and Josef F.Krems06.06.2014
![Page 2: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems
EV user research at TU Chemnitz
EV research topics dealing with…
… low noise emission… regenerative braking function… acceptance of EVs … charging concepts (W2V)… multimodal electric mobility… adaptive drive train systems for EVs… user battery interaction… safety… user experience of limited range… eco-driving
2
![Page 3: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems3
What is eco-driving?
- Sivak & Schoettle (2012):
“eco-driving includes those strategic decisions (e.g., vehicle selection and maintenance), tactical decisions (e.g., route selection), and operational decisions (e.g., driver behavior) that improve vehicle fuel economy” (p.96)
- more narrow sense:
All strategies a dirver could apply to reduce energy consumption while driving and when planning a trip
Source: usgreenchamber.com
Source: driverimprovement.co.nz
![Page 4: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems
…and why is eco-driving different in BEV use?
4
(gentle) Handling of the battery
Limited range
Regenerative braking system (active energy retrieval)
Long charging durations;
Limited charging opportunities
Electric drive
Concept of electricity,consumption in kWh
![Page 5: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems5
Previous resarch & research objectives
- Eco-driving with conventional vehicles has been studied in depth (e.g., Wahlberg, 2007)
- Besides some research on predominantly technical issues and small samples, not much is known about eco-driving when driving a BEV (e.g., Bingham, Walsh & Carroll, 2011)
Current research objectives:(1) Which strategies do drivers know to drive energy efficiently with
BEVs before and after 3 months of experiencing a BEV under daily driving conditions?
(2) Do these strategies differ from strategies known with a conventional car?
(3) Is there a need for additional information regarding energy consumption and retrieval in the BEV?
![Page 6: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems
Method: MINI E international field trial
6
- MINI E Berlin as lead-study for large-scale international field trial
USA450 vehicles on the east
and west coast (CA, NY, NJ)
Germany65 vehicles in
Berlin und Munich
Great Britain40 vehicles
![Page 7: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems
Method: MINI E field trial
7
Second period of 6 months with 40 users in private setting:
Screening- Online- N =728
(applicants)- Screening via
selection criteria- N = 40 users
1st Travel diary- 1 week, all trips
Before receiving the car (3h)
- Questionnaire (129 Items)- Face-to-face interview- Trip decision game- Conjoint anyalysis- Interview after first test drive
with EV
After 3 months (2h)- Questionnaire (306
Items)- Face-to-face interview- Trip decision game- Conjoint analysis
2nd Travel diary- 1 week, all trips
3rd Travel diary- 1 week, all trips
1st Charging diary- 1 week
2nd Charging diary- 1 week
Returning the car (2h)- Questionnaire (355
Items)- Face-to-face interview- Trip decision game- Conjoint analysis
May/June2010
February/April 2010
. August 2010
2 test drives with EV
![Page 8: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems8
Sample
N = 40; 35 men, 5 women
Age: about 50 years (SD = 10.19)
Previous experience with electric drive: - 60% no previous experience at
all- 40 % previous experience with
HEV or BEV (short test drive)
Annual milage: 80% between 10.000 to 30.000 km/year
< 5.000 5.000 - 1.0000
10.000 - 15.000
15.000 - 20.000
20.000 - 30.000
30.000 - 40.000
40.000 - 50.000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Annual milage (km/year)
Prop
ortio
n (%
)
![Page 9: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems9
Test vehicle
MINI E battery electric vehicle
- Range: about 170 km under normal driving conditions
- Regenerative braking implemented at the gas pedal
- Displays: SOC, remaining range, instantanous & average consumption
![Page 10: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems10
Results: Eco-driving strategies for convenztional vehicles
N = 40
Avoid braking/let the car roll
Drive evenly (speed & acceleration)
Optimal tires/tire pressure
Minimize load
Avoid idling
Avoid high speeds
Avoid auxiliary functions (e.g., AC)
Anticipatory driving style
Accelerate moderately
Use highest gear possible
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Proportion of drivers reporting the strategy (%)
Interview (T0): ‘Which strategies do you know to drive energy efficiently with your conventional car?’
![Page 11: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems11
Results: Eco-driving strategies for BEVs vs. conventional vehicles
Optimal tires/tire pressure
Chooseenergy efficient route
Minimize load
Let the car roll (sailing)
Instantaneous power meter
Drive evenly (speed & acceleration)
Avoid high speeds
Anticipatory driving style
Use regenerative braking /avoid braking
Accelerate moderately
Avoid auxiliary functions (e.g., AC)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ICE
after short test drive
after 3 months EV usage
Proportion of drivers reporting the strategy (%)N = 40
Sum of reported strategies:MdnT0 = 3MdnT1 = 4*MdnICE= 4*
**** **
Interviews (T0 & T1): ‘Which strategies do you know to drive energy efficiently with the BEV?’
![Page 12: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems12
Results: user requirements regarding additional enery consumption feedback
1
2
3
4
5
6
Additional information / assistance
Ass
essm
ent;
95%
CI
T1: ‘I would like to have some additional information regarding the energy consumption displayed in the BEV.’
1
2
3
4
5
6
Agr
eem
ent;
95%
CI
T1: ‘Please rate the benefit of the following possible additional systems.’
![Page 13: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems13
Conclusions Knowldege- Users report significantly more eco-driving strategies after 3 months of BEV driving than after a short test drive
- Users report different strategies for conventional vehicles and BEVs
- The most often mentioned eco-driving strategies with BEVs are:- Moderate acceleration*- Avoidance of auxiliary features*- Usage of regenerative braking
*also found to be influencing factors in driving tests (Bingham et al., 2011)- Users seem to learn which factors influence the energy consumption of a
BEV by experience
Requirements regarding additional feedback- Users express need for additional information & regard the given systems as helpful (might be more relevant for other user groups)
![Page 14: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems14
Thanks a lot for your attention! Contact: [email protected]
This study was funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
Source: Modiapple.com
![Page 15: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems15
![Page 16: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems16
Wissen: Eco-Driving Strategien mit dem EV
N = 40
**
Optimal tires/tire pressure
Energy efficient route to destination
Minimize load
Let the car roll (sailing)
Instantaneous power meter
Drive evenly (speed & acceleration)
Avoid high speeds
Anticipatory driving style
Use regenerative braking /avoid braking
Accelerate moderately
Avoid auxiliary functions (e.g., AC)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
after short test driveafter 3 months EV usage
Proportion of drivers reporting the strategy (%)
Interviews (T0 & T1): Welche Strategien kennen Sie, um energieeffizient mit dem MINI E zu fahren?
Summe berichteter Strategien:MdnT0 = 3MdnT1 = 4
Z = -2.252; p = .024; r = -.25
![Page 17: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems17
Methode: Testfahrt nach 3 Monaten EV Erfahrung
- 2 Fahrten im Stadtverkehr; ca. 4 km Länge
- 2 Fahrten mit 2 Instruktionen:(1) Normaler Fahrstil
(Kalibrierungsfahrt)(2) Eco-driving
- Datenlogger (BMW): Geschwindigkeit (SD, Mean), Beschleunigung (SD, Mean), Motorleistung (inkl. Rekuperation), Rekuperationsleistung, Strecke, Zeit, Außen- & Batterietemperatur…
- Protokoll zur Testfahrt, Fragebogen & Interview
![Page 18: Eco-driving strategies in battery electric vehicle use – what do drivers get to know over time?](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815f07550346895dcdc7e5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Isabel NeumannEuropean conference on Human Centred Design for
Intelligent Transport Systems
MINI E Berlin – powered by Vattenfall
18
24.09.2009Isabel Neumann