eco - rd
DESCRIPTION
EconomicsTRANSCRIPT
DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIYANATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITYLUCKNOW
Rough DraftSubject: - Economics Project on: - Environmental Degradation in India and other developing countriesSUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY:Mrs. Madhuri Srivastava Srijita Kundan
Professor Roll No. 133Economics Semester 1st (Section-B)R.M.L.N.L.U. B.A. LL.B (Hons.)IntroductionEnvironmental degradation is the deterioration of the environmentthrough depletion of resources such as air, water, soil etc. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction defines environmental degradation as The reduction of the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological objectives, and needsEnvironmental degradation is ranked third in the Ten Threatsofficially cautioned by theHigh Level Threat Panel of theUnited Nations.In developing countries, due to excessive concentration on economic development, the environment is ignored and hence there is high economic degradation. For example: Industrial pollution is a more complicated problem in developing countries than in developed economies. Since developing countries do not have adequate resources to deal with these problems, the environment tends to get neglected resulting in various kinds of environmental as well as health related problems.In India, the population growth is considered to be the main reason for rapid environmental degradation as due to the excessive population there is a lot of pressure on the resources, according to the British thinkerMalthus, a growing population exerts pressure on agricultural land, causing environmental degradation, and forcing the cultivation of land of poorer and poorer quality also major sources of pollution in India is burning of wood used as fuel by the poor and the lack of a proper system for chemical and human waste disposal.Objectives1. Effects of development on the environmentThe rapid growing population and concentration on economic development is leading to a number ofenvironmental issuesin developing countries and especially in Indiabecause of the uncontrolled growth of urbanization and industrialization, expansion and massive intensification of agriculture, and the destruction of forests.In developing countries, deliberation on economic development causes unwarranted pressure on resources and due to rapid industrialization there will excessive pollution of land, air and water.2. Extent of environmental degradation with respect to developing countriesThe poorest populations in the poorest countries face a double environmental burden: They are more vulnerable to wider environmental challenges such as climate change but they also must cope with immediate environmental problems like indoor air pollution and inadequate drinking water and sanitation.Also a major factor in the economic degradation in developing countries is the high levels of population. Population impacts on the environment primarily through the use of natural resources and production of wastes and is associated with environmental stress and increased pressure on land.It can be seen that there is a lot of environment degradation in developing countries and due high levels of population and poverty and lack of resources these countries are not fully equipped to deal with the issue of environment.3. Measures takenEnvironmental problems increasingly are viewed as transcending national borders and some including global warming and climate change pose significant risks to the very health of the planet. Law has become a critical part of efforts to combat global environmental problems and to improve living conditions in developing countries.In India there have been a number of laws to help conserve the environment for example the Environment Protection Act, 1986, The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1972 and others. Also in India, some awareness has been spread with movements like the Chipko movement, silent valley movement, Save Narmada movement and the like.4. Other measures that can be adoptedTo deal with environmental extremities joint efforts of the government, the private sector and individuals is required. Educating households, cleaning campaigns and researching more effective measures for decreasing the amount of pollution are some of the measures that can be adopted. Some of these in a small scale are already being adopted; these activities are to be made more widespread.HypothesisDue to excessive concentration on the economic development in the developing countries, the environment until recently had been ignored and even now as the awareness about the environmental degradation increases very little is being done to conserve it. There are many factors for the degradation of the environment especially relating to developing countries like industrial activities, fast growing population, poverty and excessive pressure on the resources.Hence environmental degradation is a major problem, especially in developing countries since the environment conservation tends to take a side track due to the focus on economic activities.ConclusionConclusion will be included in the final draft.Bibliography1. http
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"://
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"www
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604".
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"ilo
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604".
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"org
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"/
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"safework
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"_
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"bookshelf
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"/
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"english
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"?
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"content
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"&
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"nd
HYPERLINK "http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?content&nd=857170604"=8571706042. http
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"://
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"theindiaeconomyreview
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3".
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"org
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"/
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"Article
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3".
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"aspx
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"?
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"aid
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"=29&
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"mid
HYPERLINK "http://theindiaeconomyreview.org/Article.aspx?aid=29&mid=3"=33. http
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"://
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"edugreen
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm".
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"teri
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm".
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"res
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm".
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"in
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"/
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"explore
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"/
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"laws
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm".
HYPERLINK "http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/laws.htm"htm4. http
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"://
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"data
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf".
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"iucn
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf".
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"org
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"/
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"dbtw
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"-
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"wpd
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"/
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"edocs
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"/
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"EPLP
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"-043.
HYPERLINK "http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/EPLP-043.pdf"pdf5. Environment, development and developing countries Dr. Balkrishna Kurvey6. Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge(article) - Nigel Bruce, Rogelio Perez-Padilla & Rachel Albalak7. 2011 Human Development Report Links Environmental Degradation And Inequality Eric Zuehlke