ecology( animal behavior)

7/24/2019 Ecology( Animal Behavior)

1/14

ANIMAL BEHAVIORANIMAL BEHAVIOR


2/14

TERMS TO KNOWTERMS TO KNOW

Instinct (reflexes and responses) what theanimal has at birth. Ex. Nursing, searchingfor food.

Habituation learning to respond withoutthinking, response to certain stimulus isestablished as a result of habituation.

Conditioning learning to respond in aparticular way to a stimulus as a result ofreinforcement when the proper response ismade.


3/14

TERMS TO KNOWTERMS TO KNOW

Reinforceent a reward for making theproper response.

Reasoning the ability to respond correctly

to a stimulus the first time that a newsituation is presented.

Inte!!igence the ability to learn to adust

successfully to certain situations. !othshort"term and long"term memory are partof intelligence.


4/14

MA"OR T#$ES O% ANIMALMA"OR T#$ES O% ANIMAL

BEHAVIORBEHAVIOR #exual

$aternal %ommunicati&e

#ocial 'eeding

Eliminati&e

#helter"#eeking n&estigati&e

llelomimetic $aladapti&e


5/14

SE&'AL BEHAVIORSE&'AL BEHAVIOR

*seful in implementing breeding programsExamples of #exual !eha&ior

o%ows that are in heat, allow themsel&es to be mounted

by otherso!ulls, rams and stallions smell the &agina and urine to

detect pheromones

o'lehmen $ale animal lifts head and curls its upper lip

o+ams chase ewes that are coming into heato#ows seek out boars for mating

o$ares in heat suat and urinate when stallion

approaches and &ul&a winks


6/14

MATERNAL BEHAVIORMATERNAL BEHAVIOR

'emales taking care of newborn and young

animals

Examples of $aternal !eha&ioro $others clean young by licking them

o $others fight off intruders

o !ecome aggressi&e in protecting they young

after birth


7/14

COMM'NICATIVE BEHAVIORCOMM'NICATIVE BEHAVIOR

-hen some type of information is exchangedbetween indi&idual animals

Examples of %ommunicati&e !eha&ior

o istress %alls /ambs bleat, cal&es bawl, pigssueal and chicks chirp

o ams recogni0e offspring by smell

o 'arm animals respond to calls or whistles of theproducer

o!ulls bellow deeply to communicate aggressi&ebeha&ior


8/14

SOCIAL BEHAVIORSOCIAL BEHAVIORncludes 1fight or flight2 and aggressi&e and passi&e

beha&iors between animals

ncludes interactions with other animals, humans andbeha&ior during handling and restraint

Examples of #ocial !eha&ioro $ales of all farm animals fight when they meet other

unfamiliar males of the same species

o %ows, sows and mares de&elop a pecking order, but fight

less intensely than maleso %ows withdraw from the herd to a secluded spot ust before

cal&ing

o lmost all animals withdraw from the herd if they are sick


9/14

%EE(IN) BEHAVIOR%EE(IN) BEHAVIOR

Exhibited by animals when eating and drinking(ngesti&e !eha&ior)

Examples of 'eeding !eha&ior

o %attle gra0e 3"4hrs5day, ruminate 3"4hrs5day,regurgitate 677"377 boluses of feed per day

o #heep and goats gra0e 4"88hrs5day, ruminate 9"87hrs5day, regurgitate 377":77 boluses of feed perday

o %attle usually don;t go more than 6 miles away fromwater

o #heep may tra&el as much as < miles a day


10/14

ELIMINATIVE BEHAVIORELIMINATIVE BEHAVIORElimination of feces and urine

Examples of Eliminati&e !eha&ior

o %attle, sheep, horses, goats and chickens eliminate feces= urine indiscriminately

o

>ogs eliminate feces in definite areas of a pasture or peno %attle, sheep, goats and swine defecate while standing or

walking, urinate while standing, but not walking

o %attle defecate 8?"8< times5day, urinate 9"88 times5day

o >orses defecate @"8? times5day, urinate 9"88 times5dayonimals defecate = urinate more when stressed or excited

onimals loose 6A of their li&e weight when transported to= from market points (#hrink)


11/14

SHELTER*SEEKIN)SHELTER*SEEKIN)

BEHAVIORBEHAVIORExamples of #helter"#eeking !eha&ior

o nimals crowd together in snow and cold winds

o nimals seek shelter of trees when it rains

o %attle and sheep seek shady area for rest and

rumination if weather is hot

o >ogs find a wet area if weather is hoton extreme situations, animals pile up to the extent

that some get smothered


12/14

INVESTI)ATIVE BEHAVIORINVESTI)ATIVE BEHAVIOR

Examples of n&estigati&e !eha&ior

o Bigs, horses and dairy goats are highly curious,

in&estigate any strange obect, approach carefully,slowly, sniffing and looking as they approach

o #heep are less curious and more timid


13/14

ALLELOMIMETICALLELOMIMETIC

nimals of a species tend to do the same thing atthe same time

mportant in that a producer may obser&e theherd with little difficulty, also useful in dri&ing

groups of animals from one place to another

Examples of llelomimetic !eha&ior

o %attle and sheep tend to gra0e at the same time and

rest and ruminate at the same timeo +ange cattle gather at the watering place about the

same time each day because one follows the other


14/14

MALA(A$TIVE BEHAVIORMALA(A$TIVE BEHAVIOR

nimals that cannot adapt to their en&ironment,

exhibit inappropriate or unusual beha&ior

Examples of $aladapti&e !eha&ior

o %hickens and swine in extensi&e management(confinement) systems resort to cannibalism,

remo&al of tails is a pre&ention method

o

!uller"steer syndrome steers that ha&e beencastrated before puberty demonstrate masculine

beha&ior

ecology( animal behavior)

Documents