Ecology Notes 1Ecology Notes 1

Whale Book Chapter 2.1Whale Book Chapter 2.1

1.1. What living things are found in and What living things are found in and around your school?around your school?

2.2. What nonliving things are found in What nonliving things are found in your school?your school?

3.3. Into what large groups are the Into what large groups are the students in your school divided?students in your school divided?

4.4. Into what smaller groups are these Into what smaller groups are these large groups divided?large groups divided?

5.5. Are these groups ever divided into Are these groups ever divided into even smaller groups? If so, what are even smaller groups? If so, what are these groups?these groups?

What is What is ecologyecology??

• EcologyEcology is the study of the is the study of the relationships between living things relationships between living things and their environments.and their environments.

populationcommunity

ecosystem

biosphere

What is the organization of living things?

organism

groups of cellscells

moleculestissuesorgans

organ systems

biome

What is the organization of What is the organization of living things?living things?

•populationpopulation

• A group of the A group of the same species of same species of organismorganism living in the living in the samesame place at place at the the samesame time time

• ex.- ex.- tree frogs living in the woods tree frogs living in the woods behind the schoolbehind the school

• ex.- ex.- mockingbirds in my mockingbirds in my neighborhoodneighborhood

•communitycommunity

• The different The different populationspopulations that live in that live in the same place at the same timethe same place at the same time

• ex. ex. frogs, rabbits, squirrels, & frogs, rabbits, squirrels, & mockingbirds in the woods behind mockingbirds in the woods behind the schoolthe school

•ecosystemecosystem

• An ecosystem is a collection of all the An ecosystem is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.environment.

• Within an ecosystem, there are several levels Within an ecosystem, there are several levels of organization.of organization.

• The school and its grounds are similar to an The school and its grounds are similar to an ecosystem.ecosystem.

• Ex.Ex. frogs, rabbits, squirrels, mockingbirds, frogs, rabbits, squirrels, mockingbirds, waterwater, & , & rocksrocks in the woods behind the school in the woods behind the school

•biospherebiosphere

• all ecosystems on Earthall ecosystems on Earth

• Includes the land, water, & air where Includes the land, water, & air where life existslife exists

• (from 11 km below sea level up to 8 (from 11 km below sea level up to 8 km above it)km above it)

What kinds of factors What kinds of factors affect ecology?affect ecology?

abiotic factors and biotic factors

AAbiotic factorsbiotic factors

• nonlivingnonliving factors in an ecosystem factors in an ecosystem

• ex. ex. temperature, water, light, temperature, water, light, mineralsminerals

Biotic factorsBiotic factors

• livingliving factors in an ecosystem factors in an ecosystem• ex. ex. intraspecific & interspecific intraspecific & interspecific

interactions between organismsinteractions between organisms

• Intraspecific- between members of Intraspecific- between members of the same speciesthe same species

• Interspecific- between members of Interspecific- between members of different organismsdifferent organisms

http://greenhousestuff.com/temperaturegaugeinfo.htm

ECOSYSTEM

Biotic Factors

Abiotic Factors

How does an abiotic factor affect food production? Green plants carry How does an abiotic factor affect food production? Green plants carry out the process of photosynthesis. Glucose, a sugar, is one of the out the process of photosynthesis. Glucose, a sugar, is one of the products produced during this process. Thus, glucose production can products produced during this process. Thus, glucose production can be used as a means for judging the rate at which the process of be used as a means for judging the rate at which the process of photosynthesis is occurring. Examine the following graph of a plant photosynthesis is occurring. Examine the following graph of a plant called salt bush. It shows how this plant’s glucose production is called salt bush. It shows how this plant’s glucose production is influenced by temperature.influenced by temperature.1.1. Name the abiotic factor influencing photosynthesis and describe the influence of Name the abiotic factor influencing photosynthesis and describe the influence of

this factor on photosynthesis.this factor on photosynthesis.2.2. Name the biotic factor being influenced.Name the biotic factor being influenced.3.3. Based on the graph, describe the type of ecosystem this plant might live in. Based on the graph, describe the type of ecosystem this plant might live in.

Explain.Explain.4.4. Does the graph tell you how the rate of photosynthesis might vary for plants other Does the graph tell you how the rate of photosynthesis might vary for plants other

than the salt bushes?than the salt bushes?5.5. Hypothesize why the formation of glucose drops quickly after reaching 30Hypothesize why the formation of glucose drops quickly after reaching 30°°C.C.

What is a What is a habitathabitat??

• The area where an organism lives is The area where an organism lives is called its called its habitathabitat..

• A habitat includes both biotic and A habitat includes both biotic and abiotic factors.abiotic factors.

What is a What is a nicheniche??

• A A nicheniche is the full range of physical is the full range of physical and biological conditions in which an and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions. the organism uses those conditions. (its job, or way of life)(its job, or way of life)

• type of food the organism eats, how type of food the organism eats, how it obtains this food, and which other it obtains this food, and which other species use the organism as foodspecies use the organism as food

• when and how it reproduceswhen and how it reproducesSummary video clip 1 and 2

SymbiosisSymbiosis

• Any relationship in Any relationship in which two species which two species live closely live closely together; “living together; “living together.” together.”

• Ex- mutualism, Ex- mutualism, parasitism, parasitism, commensalismcommensalism

• Video clipVideo clip

Ecological Relationships handout

MutualismMutualism CommensalisCommensalismm

ParasitisParasitismm

++ ++ ++

++ 00 --

Community InteractionsCommunity Interactions